相信各位在公司写API文档数量应该不少,当然如果你还处在自己一个人开发前后台的年代,当我没说,如今为了前后台更好的对接,还是为了以后交接方便,都有要求写API文档。
手写Api文档的几个痛点:
Swagger也就是为了解决这个问题,当然也不能说Swagger就一定是完美的,当然也有缺点,最明显的就是代码移入性比较强。
其他的不多说,想要了解Swagger的,可以去Swagger官网,可以直接使用Swagger editor编写接口文档,当然我们这里讲解的是SpringBoot整合Swagger2,直接生成接口文档的方式。
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfoxgroupId>
<artifactId>springfox-swagger2artifactId>
<version>2.6.1version>
dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>io.springfoxgroupId>
<artifactId>springfox-swagger-uiartifactId>
<version>2.6.1version>
dependency>
其实这个配置类,只要了解具体能配置哪些东西就好了,毕竟这个东西配置一次之后就不用再动了。 特别要注意的是里面配置了api文件也就是controller包的路径,不然生成的文档扫描不到接口。
package cn.saytime;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean;
import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration;
import springfox.documentation.builders.ApiInfoBuilder;
import springfox.documentation.builders.PathSelectors;
import springfox.documentation.builders.RequestHandlerSelectors;
import springfox.documentation.service.ApiInfo;
import springfox.documentation.spi.DocumentationType;
import springfox.documentation.spring.web.plugins.Docket;
/**
* @author zh
* @ClassName cn.saytime.Swgger2
* @Description
* @date 2017-07-10 22:12:31
*/
@Configuration
public class Swagger2 {
@Bean
public Docket createRestApi() {
return new Docket(DocumentationType.SWAGGER_2)
.apiInfo(apiInfo())
.select()
.apis(RequestHandlerSelectors.basePackage("cn.saytime.web"))
.paths(PathSelectors.any())
.build();
}
private ApiInfo apiInfo() {
return new ApiInfoBuilder()
.title("springboot利用swagger构建api文档")
.description("简单优雅的restfun风格,http://blog.csdn.net/saytime")
.termsOfServiceUrl("http://blog.csdn.net/saytime")
.version("1.0")
.build();
}
}
用@Configuration注解该类,等价于XML中配置beans;用@Bean标注方法等价于XML中配置bean。
Application.class 加上注解@EnableSwagger2 表示开启Swagger
package cn.saytime;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import springfox.documentation.swagger2.annotations.EnableSwagger2;
@SpringBootApplication
@EnableSwagger2
public class SpringbootSwagger2Application {
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(SpringbootSwagger2Application.class, args);
}
}
package cn.saytime.web;
import cn.saytime.bean.JsonResult;
import cn.saytime.bean.User;
import io.swagger.annotations.Api;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiImplicitParam;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiImplicitParams;
import io.swagger.annotations.ApiOperation;
import org.springframework.http.ResponseEntity;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.PathVariable;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestBody;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMapping;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RequestMethod;
import org.springframework.web.bind.annotation.RestController;
import springfox.documentation.annotations.ApiIgnore;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
/**
* @author zh
* @ClassName cn.saytime.web.UserController
* @Description
*/
@RestController
public class UserController {
// 创建线程安全的Map
static Map users = Collections.synchronizedMap(new HashMap());
/**
* 根据ID查询用户
* @param id
* @return
*/
@ApiOperation(value="获取用户详细信息", notes="根据url的id来获取用户详细信息")
@ApiImplicitParam(name = "id", value = "用户ID", required = true, dataType = "Integer", paramType = "path")
@RequestMapping(value = "user/{id}", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public ResponseEntity getUserById (@PathVariable(value = "id") Integer id){
JsonResult r = new JsonResult();
try {
User user = users.get(id);
r.setResult(user);
r.setStatus("ok");
} catch (Exception e) {
r.setResult(e.getClass().getName() + ":" + e.getMessage());
r.setStatus("error");
e.printStackTrace();
}
return ResponseEntity.ok(r);
}
/**
* 查询用户列表
* @return
*/
@ApiOperation(value="获取用户列表", notes="获取用户列表")
@RequestMapping(value = "users", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public ResponseEntity getUserList (){
JsonResult r = new JsonResult();
try {
List userList = new ArrayList(users.values());
r.setResult(userList);
r.setStatus("ok");
} catch (Exception e) {
r.setResult(e.getClass().getName() + ":" + e.getMessage());
r.setStatus("error");
e.printStackTrace();
}
return ResponseEntity.ok(r);
}
/**
* 添加用户
* @param user
* @return
*/
@ApiOperation(value="创建用户", notes="根据User对象创建用户")
@ApiImplicitParam(name = "user", value = "用户详细实体user", required = true, dataType = "User")
@RequestMapping(value = "user", method = RequestMethod.POST)
public ResponseEntity add (@RequestBody User user){
JsonResult r = new JsonResult();
try {
users.put(user.getId(), user);
r.setResult(user.getId());
r.setStatus("ok");
} catch (Exception e) {
r.setResult(e.getClass().getName() + ":" + e.getMessage());
r.setStatus("error");
e.printStackTrace();
}
return ResponseEntity.ok(r);
}
/**
* 根据id删除用户
* @param id
* @return
*/
@ApiOperation(value="删除用户", notes="根据url的id来指定删除用户")
@ApiImplicitParam(name = "id", value = "用户ID", required = true, dataType = "Long", paramType = "path")
@RequestMapping(value = "user/{id}", method = RequestMethod.DELETE)
public ResponseEntity delete (@PathVariable(value = "id") Integer id){
JsonResult r = new JsonResult();
try {
users.remove(id);
r.setResult(id);
r.setStatus("ok");
} catch (Exception e) {
r.setResult(e.getClass().getName() + ":" + e.getMessage());
r.setStatus("error");
e.printStackTrace();
}
return ResponseEntity.ok(r);
}
/**
* 根据id修改用户信息
* @param user
* @return
*/
@ApiOperation(value="更新信息", notes="根据url的id来指定更新用户信息")
@ApiImplicitParams({
@ApiImplicitParam(name = "id", value = "用户ID", required = true, dataType = "Long",paramType = "path"),
@ApiImplicitParam(name = "user", value = "用户实体user", required = true, dataType = "User")
})
@RequestMapping(value = "user/{id}", method = RequestMethod.PUT)
public ResponseEntity update (@PathVariable("id") Integer id, @RequestBody User user){
JsonResult r = new JsonResult();
try {
User u = users.get(id);
u.setUsername(user.getUsername());
u.setAge(user.getAge());
users.put(id, u);
r.setResult(u);
r.setStatus("ok");
} catch (Exception e) {
r.setResult(e.getClass().getName() + ":" + e.getMessage());
r.setStatus("error");
e.printStackTrace();
}
return ResponseEntity.ok(r);
}
@ApiIgnore//使用该注解忽略这个API
@RequestMapping(value = "/hi", method = RequestMethod.GET)
public String jsonTest() {
return " hi you!";
}
}
Json格式输出类 JsonResult.class
package cn.saytime.bean;
public class JsonResult {
private String status = null;
private Object result = null;
// Getter Setter
}
实体User.class
package cn.saytime.bean;
import java.util.Date;
/**
* @author zh
* @ClassName cn.saytime.bean.User
* @Description
*/
public class User {
private int id;
private String username;
private int age;
private Date ctm;
// Getter Setter
}
项目结构:
启动SpringBoot项目,访问 http://localhost:8080/swagger-ui.html
具体里面的内容以及接口测试,应该一看就懂了。这里就不一一截图了。
swagger通过注解表明该接口会生成文档,包括接口名、请求方法、参数、返回信息的等等。
补充常用参数、属性
备注(各参数意义):
作用范围 API 使用位置 对象属性 @ApiModelProperty 用在出入参数对象的字段上 协议集描述 @Api 用于controller类上 协议描述 @ApiOperation 用在controller的方法上 Response集 @ApiResponses 用在controller的方法上 Response @ApiResponse 用在 @ApiResponses里边 非对象参数集 @ApiImplicitParams 用在controller的方法上 非对象参数描述 @ApiImplicitParam 用在@ApiImplicitParams的方法里边 描述返回对象的意义 @ApiModel 用在返回对象类上
@ApiImplicitParam参数:
属性 取值 作用 paramType 查询参数类型 path 以地址的形式提交数据 query 直接跟参数完成自动映射赋值 body 以流的形式提交 仅支持POST header 参数在request headers 里边提交 form 以form表单的形式提交 仅支持POST dataType 参数的数据类型 只作为标志说明,并没有实际验证 Long String name 接收参数名 value 接收参数的意义描述 required 参数是否必填 true 必填 false 非必填 defaultValue 默认值