Words
account,acknowledge,behave,challenge,commitment,represent,stick
Expressions
account for,rise to the occasion,refer to,go at,responsible for,owe...to...,take off,make distinction of,act on,on behalf of
——Account |əˈkaʊnt|
[noun.]
A.AT BANK 银行
1.(abbr. a/c) an arrangement that sb has with a bank, etc. to keep money there, take some out, etc. 账户
eg:I don't have a bank account.我没有银行账户。
B.BUSINESS RECORDS 商业记录
2.[常用复数] a written record of money tha
t is owed to a business and of money that has been paid by it 账目
eg:to do the accounts记账
C.WITH SHOP/STORE 商店
3.(British English also credit accountNorth American English also charge account) an arrangement with a shop/store or business to pay bills for goods or services at a later time, for example in regular amounts every month 赊销账；赊欠账；赊购
eg:Put it on my account please.请记在我的赊购账上。
D.REGULAR CUSTOMER 老主顾
4.(business 商) a regular customer 老主顾
eg:The agency has lost several of its most important accounts.这家代理机构失去了几家最重要的老客户。
E.COMPUTING 计算机技术
5.an arrangement that sb has with a company that allows them to use the Internet, send and receive messages by email, etc. （互联网、电子邮件等的）账户，账号
eg:an Internet/email account互联网 / 电子邮件账户
F.DESCRIPTION 描述
6.a written or spoken description of sth that has happened 描述；叙述；报告
eg:She gave the police a full account of the incident.她向警方详尽地叙述了所发生的事情。
7.an explanation or a description of an idea, a theory or a process （思想、理论、过程的）解释，说明，叙述
eg:the Biblical account of the creation of the world《圣经》对创世的解释
[verb.]
[常用被动态](formal) to have the opinion that sb/sth is a particular thing 认为是；视为
[动词 + 名词短语 + 形容词]
In English law a person is accounted innocent until they are proved guilty.
按英格兰法律，一个人未经证实有罪之前被视为无罪。
[动词 + 名词短语 + 名词短语]
The event was accounted a success.
人们认为这次活动是成功的。
——Acknowledge |əkˈnɒlɪdʒ; 美 əkˈnɑ:l-
[verb.]
A.ADMIT 承认
1.to accept that sth is true 承认（属实）
eg:[动词 + 名词短语]
She refuses to acknowledge the need for reform.
她拒不承认改革的必要性。
[动词 (+ that从句)]
I did not acknowledge that he had done anything wrong.
我没有承认他犯了什么错。
[动词 + 名词短语 + 带to的不定式]
It is generally acknowledged to be true.
普遍认为那是真的。
[also 动词 + -ing短语]
B.ACCEPT STATUS 承认地位
2.~ sb/sth (as sth) to accept that sb/sth has a particular authority or status 承认（权威、地位）
同义词 recognize
eg:[动词 + 名词短语]
The country acknowledged his claim to the throne.这个国家承认了他继承王位的权利。
[动词 + 名词短语, 动词 + 名词短语 + 带to的不定式]
He is widely acknowledged as the best player in the world.普遍认为他是世界最佳球员。
C.REPLY TO LETTER 复信
3.[动词 + 名词短语] to tell sb that you have received sth that they sent to you 告知收悉
eg:All applications will be acknowledged.所有的申请都将得到复函告知收悉。
D.SMILE/WAVE 微笑；挥手
4.[动词 + 名词短语] to show that you have noticed sb/sth by smiling, waving, etc. （微笑、挥手等）致意
eg:I was standing right next to her, but she didn't even acknowledge me.我就站在她身边，可是她理都不理我。
E.EXPRESS THANKS 表示感谢
5.[动词 + 名词短语] to publicly express thanks for help you have been given （公开）感谢
eg:I gratefully acknowledge financial support from several local businesses.我对本地几家企业的资助表示感谢。
——behave |bɪˈheɪv|
[verb.]
1.[动词 + 副词或介词短语] to do things in a particular way 表现
同义词 act
eg:The doctor behaved very unprofessionally.那位医生的做法十分不专业。
2.~ (yourself) to do things in a way that people think is correct or polite 表现得体；有礼貌
eg:[单独使用的动词]
Will you kids just behave!孩子们，规矩点！
[动词 + 名词短语]
I want you to behave yourselves while I'm away.我不在家时你们要乖乖的。
反义词 misbehave
3.-behaved (in adjectives 构成形容词) behaving in the way mentioned 表现得…的
eg:well-/badly-behaved children表现好 / 差的孩子
4.[动词 + 副词或介词短语](technical 术语) to naturally react, move, etc. in a particular way 作某种自然反应（或变化等）
eg:a study of how metals behave under pressure对于金属受压反应的研究
——challenge |ˈtʃæləndʒ|
[noun.]
1.a new or difficult task that tests sb's ability and skill 挑战；艰巨任务
eg:The role will be the biggest challenge of his acting career.扮演这个角色将是他演艺生涯中最大的挑战。
2.an invitation or a suggestion to sb that they should enter a competition, fight, etc. 挑战书；（比赛等的）邀请，提议
eg:to accept/take up a challenge接受挑战
3.~ (to sth) a statement or an action that shows that sb refuses to accept sth and questions whether it is right, legal, etc. 质询；质疑；提出异议
eg:It was a direct challenge to the president's authority.这是对主席权威的直接质疑。
[verb.]
1.[动词 + 名词短语] to question whether a statement or an action is right, legal, etc.; to refuse to accept sth 对…怀疑（或质疑）；拒绝接受
同义词 dispute
eg:The story was completely untrue and was successfully challenged in court.此案情纯属捏造，已在法庭上被揭穿。
2.~ sb (to sth) to invite sb to enter a competition, fight, etc.; to suggest strongly that sb should do sth (especially when you think that they might be unwilling to do it) 向（某人）挑战；（尤指在对方不情愿时）强烈建议（某人做某事）
eg:[动词 + 名词短语]
Mike challenged me to a game of chess.迈克硬逼着要和我下一盘棋。
[动词 + 名词短语 + 带to的不定式]
The opposition leader challenged the prime minister to call an election.反对党领袖要求首相宣布进行大选。
3.[动词 + 名词短语] to test sb's ability and skills, especially in an interesting way 考查…的能力；考验…的技巧
eg:The job doesn't really challenge her.这项工作不能真正考验出她的能力。
4.[动词 + 名词短语] to order sb to stop and say who they are or what they are doing 盘问；查问
eg:We were challenged by police at the border.我们在边境受到警察盘问。
——commitment |kəˈmɪtmənt|
[noun.]
1.[可数名词, 不可数名词] ~ (to sb/sth) | ~ to do sth a promise to do sth or to behave in a particular way; a promise to support sb/sth; the fact of committing yourself 承诺；许诺；允诺承担；保证
eg:She doesn't want to make a big emotional commitment to Steve at the moment.她不想在此刻对史蒂夫在感情上作出重大的承诺。
2.[不可数名词] ~ (to sb/sth) the willingness to work hard and give your energy and time to a job or an activity （对工作或某活动）献身，奉献，投入
eg:A career as an actor requires one hundred per cent commitment.干演员这一行需要百分之百的投入。
3.[可数名词] a thing that you have promised or agreed to do, or that you have to do 已承诺（或同意）的事；不得不做的事
eg:He's busy for the next month with filming commitments.他正忙于准备已经承诺的下个月拍电影的事。
4.[不可数名词, 可数名词] ~ (of sth) (to sth) agreeing to use money, time or people in order to achieve sth （资金、时间、人力的）花费，使用
eg:Achieving success at this level requires a commitment of time and energy.取得这种水平的成就需要花费时间和精力。
——represent |ˌreprɪˈzent|
[verb.]
A.ACT/SPEAK FOR SB 为某人做 / 说
1.[动词 + 名词短语][常用被动态] to be a member of a group of people and act or speak on their behalf at an event, a meeting, etc. 代表
eg:The competition attracted over 500 contestants representing 8 different countries.这次比赛吸引了代表8个不同国家的500多名参赛者。
2.[动词 + 名词短语] to act or speak officially for sb and defend their interests 作为…的代言人；维护…的利益
eg:he union represents over 200 000 teachers.工会代表着20余万名教师的利益。
B.BE EQUAL TO 等于
3.linking verb [动词 + 名词短语] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to be sth 等于；相当于；意味着
同义词 constitute
eg:This contract represents 20% of the company's annual revenue.这份合约相当于公司20%的年收入。
C.BE EXAMPLE OF 成为例证
4.[动词 + 名词短语][无被动态] to be an example or expression of sth 成为…实例；成为典型；体现
同义词 be typical of
eg:a project representing all that is good in the community体现着社区中一切美好形象的工程
D.BE SYMBOL 成为象征
5.[动词 + 名词短语] (not used in the progressive tenses 不用于进行时) to be a symbol of sth 作为…的象征；象征；代表
同义词 symbolize
eg:Each colour on the chart represents a different department.图表中的每一种颜色都代表一个不同的部门。
E.IN PICTURE 图画
6.~ sb/sth (as sb/sth) to show sb/sth, especially in a picture 展示；描绘
同义词 depict
eg:[动词 + 名词短语]
The carvings represent a hunting scene.这些雕刻作品描绘了一幅狩猎的场面。
[also 动词 + 名词短语 + -ing短语]
F.DESCRIBE 描述
7.[动词 + 名词短语] ~ sb (as sth) (formal) to present or describe sb/sth in a particular way, especially when this may not be fair （尤指不公平地）展现，描述，表现
eg:The king is represented as a villain in the play.剧中国王的形象是一个恶棍。
G.MAKE FORMAL STATEMENT 正式声明
8.~ sth (to sb) (formal) to make a formal statement to sb in authority to make your opinions known or to protest 正式提出（意见、抗议等）
eg:[动词 + 名词短语]
They represented their concerns to the authorities.他们向当局陈述了他们关心的问题。
[also 动词 + that从句]
——stick |stɪk|
[verb.]
A.PUSH STH IN 推入
1.[+ 副词或介词短语] to push sth, usually a sharp object, into sth; to be pushed into sth 将…刺入（或插入）；刺；戳；插入
eg:[动词 + 名词短语]
The nurse stuck the needle into my arm.护士把针扎进我的胳膊。
[单独使用的动词]
I found a nail sticking in the tyre.我发现轮胎上扎了一根钉子。
B.ATTACH 粘贴
2.[+ 副词或介词短语] to fix sth to sth else, usually with a sticky substance; to become fixed to sth in this way 粘贴；粘住
eg:[动词 + 名词短语]
He stuck a stamp on the envelope.他把一张邮票贴到信封上。
[单独使用的动词]
Her wet clothes were sticking to her body.湿衣服贴在她身上。
C.PUT 放置
3.[动词 + 名词短语], [+ 副词或介词短语](informal) to put sth in a place, especially quickly or carelessly （尤指迅速或随手）放置
eg:Stick your bags down there.把你们的包搁到那儿吧。
4.sb can stick sth (informal) [动词 + 名词短语] used to say in a rude and angry way that you are not interested in what sb has, offers, does, etc. （无礼或生气地表示）对…不感兴趣
eg:I got sick of my boss's moaning and told him he could stick the job.我烦透了老板的牢骚，便跟他说那活儿他自己干吧，我才不稀罕。
D.BECOME FIXED 卡住
5.单独使用的动词] ~ (in sth) to become fixed in one position and impossible to move （在某物中）卡住，陷住，动不了
同义词 jam
eg:The key has stuck in the lock.钥匙卡在锁里了。
E.DIFFICULT SITUATION 困境
6.(British English,informal) (usually used in negative sentences and questions 通常用于否定句和疑问句) to accept a difficult or unpleasant situation or person 容忍；忍受
同义词 stand
eg:[动词 + 名词短语]
I don't know how you stick that job.我不知道那活儿你怎么受得了。
[动词 + -ing短语]
John can't stick living with his parents.约翰受不了和父母住在一起。
F.BECOME ACCEPTED 被接受
7.[单独使用的动词] to become accepted 被接受；被证明成立
eg:The police couldn't make the charges stick (= show them to be true) .警方无法证明那些指控成立。
G.IN CARD GAMES 纸牌游戏
8.[单独使用的动词] to not take any more cards 不再要牌
——Account for
A.account for sth (to sb)
to give a record of how the money in your care has been spent 报账；出示经手款项的单据
eg:We have to account for every penny we spend on business trips.我们出公差所用的每一分钱都得报清楚。
——rise to the occasion
能够应付; 临机处宜;
eg:You can depend on him to rise to the occasion, if need be.如果需要的话, 你可依靠他来应付这个局面.
——refer to
A.refer to sb/sth
1.to describe or be connected to sb/sth 描述；涉及；与…相关
eg:The star refers to items which are intended for the advanced learner.标有星号的项目是给高阶学习者的。
2.to look at sth or ask a person for information 查阅；参考；征询
同义词 consult
eg:You may refer to your notes if you want.如果需要，可以查阅笔记。
B.refer to sb/sth (as sth)
to mention or speak about sb/sth 提到；谈及；说起
eg:The victims were not referred to by name.没有提到受害人的姓名。
——go at
A.no go
(informal) not possible or allowed 不可能；不行；不允许
eg:If the bank won't lend us the money it's no go, I'm afraid.如果银行不愿贷款给我们，这恐怕就行不通了。
——responsible for
为…负责，是造成…的原因;
eg:I feel partly responsible for the problems we're in.我觉得应为我们遭遇的问题负部分责任。
——owe...to...
欠…
eg:They are now realising just how much they owe to kind-hearted strangers.他们现在开始意识到那些心地善良的陌生人帮了他们多大的忙。
——take off
A.take off
1.(of an aircraft, etc. 飞机等) to leave the ground and begin to fly 起飞
1.The plane took off an hour late.飞机起飞晚了一个小时。
反义词 land
2.(informal) to leave a place, especially in a hurry 匆匆离去；急忙离开
eg:When he saw me coming he took off in the opposite direction.
他见我走过来便赶快转身走了。
3.(of an idea, a product, etc. 观念、产品等) to become successful or popular very quickly or suddenly 突然大受欢迎；迅速流行
eg:The new magazine has really taken off.这份新杂志真是大受欢迎。
——make distinction of
要区分
eg:I did not yet make a distinction between the pleasures of reading and of writing fiction.我还没有搞清楚阅读的快乐和写小说的快乐有何不同。
——act on
A.act on/upon sth
to take action as a result of advice, information, etc. 根据（建议、信息等）行事
eg:Acting on information from a member of the public, the police raided the club.警察根据一个老百姓的报告，突然搜查了这家俱乐部。
——on behalf of
A.take up (the) cudgels on behalf of sb/sth
(old-fashioned) to defend or support sb/sth strongly 坚决保卫；毅然支持
B.act for/on behalf of sb
eg:to be employed to deal with sb's affairs for them, for example by representing them in court （受雇）代表某人行事