mysql主从配置与数据移植

配置mysql的主从模式,当一台mysql出现问题后,另外一台可以正常工作。
两台机器IP:192.168.1.60(master)、192.168.1.61(slave)
注意:在配置之前,确保两台节点都有需同步的数据库。

1、master节点配置

1.1、修改配置文件

192.168.1.60:master节点
vim /etc/my.cnf
添加如下内容:

 [mysqld]
 log-error=/data/mysql_log/error.log  # mysql的error日志
 log=/data/mysql_log/mysql.log  # mysql的操作日志
 log-bin=/data/mysql_log/binlog  # 配置binlog,通过binlog将两个mysql同步
 server-id=1  # 配置本台机器mysql的id
 binlog-do-db = mytest # 配置需要同步的数据库

1.2、master节点需要授权slave节点访问

mysql>GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* to 'root'@'192.168.1.61' identified by 'test123456';
mysql>FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

如果要允许所有主机访问,用%代替ip即可:

mysql>GRANT REPLICATION SLAVE ON *.* to 'root'@'%' identified by 'test123456';
mysql>FLUSH PRIVILEGES;

1.3、重启服务

service mysqld restart
重启服务的过程中可能遇到启动失败的情况:

/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld: File '/data/mysql_log/binlog.index' not found (Errcode: 13)

这个主要是因为这个目录mysql用户没有权限导致的。
chown mysql /data/mysql_log 即可解决问题。

1.4、查看master进程的状态

MySQL [mytest]> show master status;
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| File          | Position | Binlog_Do_DB | Binlog_Ignore_DB |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
| binlog.000004 |      106 | mytest       |                  |
+---------------+----------+--------------+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

slave节点配置

192.168.1.61:slave节点

2.1、修改配置文件

vim /etc/my.cnf
添加如下内容:

[mysqld]
log-error=/data/mysql_log/error.log  # mysql的error日志
log=/data/mysql_log/mysql.log  # mysql的操作日志
server-id=2  # 配置本台机器mysql的id
master-host=192.168.1.60  # master节点的ip
master-user=root  # 访问master节点的用户名
master-password=test123456  # 访问master节点的密码
master-port=3306  # 访问master节点的端口
replicate-do-db=mytest  # 配置需要同步的数据库

2.2 启动slave进程

mysql> slave start;
Query OK, 0 rows affected (0.04 sec)

2.3 查看slave状态

MySQL [mytest]> show slave status\G;
*************************** 1. row ***************************
               Slave_IO_State: Waiting for master to send event
                  Master_Host: 100.110.5.77
                  Master_User: root
                  Master_Port: 3306
                Connect_Retry: 60
              Master_Log_File: binlog.000004
          Read_Master_Log_Pos: 106
               Relay_Log_File: TENCENT64-relay-bin.000014
                Relay_Log_Pos: 248
        Relay_Master_Log_File: binlog.000004
             Slave_IO_Running: Yes
            Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
              Replicate_Do_DB: mytest
          Replicate_Ignore_DB: 
           Replicate_Do_Table: 
       Replicate_Ignore_Table: 
      Replicate_Wild_Do_Table: 

看到Slave_IO_Running: Yes 和 Slave_SQL_Running: Yes
,就说明配置成功。

3、测试

master 插入一个表:

MySQL [mytest]> CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS `runoob_tbl`(
    ->    `runoob_id` INT UNSIGNED AUTO_INCREMENT,
    ->    `runoob_title` VARCHAR(100) NOT NULL,
    ->    `runoob_author` VARCHAR(40) NOT NULL,
    ->    `submission_date` DATE,
    ->    PRIMARY KEY ( `runoob_id` )
    -> )ENGINE=InnoDB DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8;
Query OK, 0 rows affected, 2 warnings (0.00 sec)

slave 查看效果:

MySQL [mytest]> show tables;
+------------------+
| Tables_in_mytest |
+------------------+
| runoob_tbl       |
+------------------+
1 row in set (0.00 sec)

master 插入数据:

MySQL [mytest]> insert into runoob_tbl(runoob_title,runoob_author,submission_date) values("ad","bb",now());
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

MySQL [mytest]> insert into runoob_tbl(runoob_title,runoob_author,submission_date) values("ae","bb",now());
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

MySQL [mytest]> insert into runoob_tbl(runoob_title,runoob_author,submission_date) values("af","bb",now());
Query OK, 1 row affected, 1 warning (0.00 sec)

slave查看数据:

MySQL [mytest]> select * from runoob_tbl;
+-----------+--------------+---------------+-----------------+
| runoob_id | runoob_title | runoob_author | submission_date |
+-----------+--------------+---------------+-----------------+
|         1 | ad           | bb            | 2018-03-08      |
|         2 | ae           | bb            | 2018-03-08      |
|         3 | af           | bb            | 2018-03-08      |
+-----------+--------------+---------------+-----------------+
3 rows in set (0.00 sec)

以上则说明配置测试成功。

4、master节点数据复制到slave节点

4.1 主库操作:

  1. 停止主库的数据更新操作

mysql>flush tables with read lock;

  1. 新开终端,生成主数据库的备份(导出数据库)

mysqldump -uroot -ptest123 cmdb > cmdb.sql

  1. 将备份文件传到从库

scp cmdb.sql [email protected]:/root/
4、主库解锁

mysql>unlock tables;

4.2 从库操作:

1)停止从库slave

mysql>slave stop;

2)新建数据库cmdb

mysql> create database cmdb default charset utf8;

3)导入数据

mysql -uroot -ptest123 cmdb < cmdb.sql

4)查看从库已有该数据库和数据

mysql> show databases;
+--------------------+
| Database           |
+--------------------+
| information_schema |
| cmdb               |
| mysql              |
| performance_schema |
| test               |
+--------------------+

5 启动slave进程

mysql>slave start;

上述是5.1版本的配置,5.7版本又有些不同的配置,如下:

  1. 不存在log=/data/mysql_log/mysql.log 配置
  2. slave节点配置时,不能通过配置文件配置用户名,密码,接口等等,需要通过命令:
mysql> CHANGE MASTER TO MASTER_HOST='192.168.8.10',
  MASTER_PORT=3306,
  MASTER_USER='rep1',
  MASTER_PASSWORD='test123456',
  MASTER_LOG_FILE='binlog.000001',
  MASTER_LOG_POS=1304; #后面两个参数的值与主库保持一致
  1. 启动slave时不能通过slave start命令,而是 start slave命令。

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