站在巨人的肩膀上
part.1安装环境及版本
安装环境:Centos7
安装版本:11.2.0.1(而后会升级至11.2.0.4)
part.2.安装步骤
2.1 安装依赖包
# yum install -y binutils compat-libcap1 compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*i686 compat-libstdc++-33*.devel \
compat-libstdc++-33 compat-libstdc++-33*.devel gcc gcc-c++ glibc glibc*.i686 glibc-devel glibc-devel*.i686 ksh \
libaio libaio*.i686 libaio-devel libaio-devel*.devel libgcc libgcc*.i686 libstdc++ libstdc++*.i686 libstdc++-devel \
libstdc++-devel*.devel libXi libXi*.i686 libXtst libXtst*.i686 make sysstat unixODBC unixODBC*.i686 unixODBC-devel unixODBC-devel*.i686
2.2 创建oinstall和dba组
# groupadd oinstall
# groupadd dba
2.3 创建oracle用户并设置密码
# useradd -g oinstall -G dba oracle
# passwd oracle
2.4 验证是否创建成功
# id oracle
uid=1001(oracle) gid=1001(oinstall) groups=1001(oinstall),1002(dba)
2.5 配置内核参数
# vim /etc/sysctl.conf
添加如下参数:
fs.aio-max-nr = 1048576
fs.file-max = 6815744
kernel.shmall = 2097152
kernel.shmmax = 536870912
kernel.shmmni = 4096
kernel.sem = 250 32000 100 128
net.ipv4.ip_local_port_range = 9000 65500
net.core.rmem_default = 262144
net.core.rmem_max = 4194304
net.core.wmem_default = 262144
net.core.wmem_max = 1048576
添加后生效
# /sbin/sysctl -p
2.6 修改用户权限
# vim /etc/security/limits.conf
在末尾添加:
oracle soft nproc 2047
oracle hard nproc 16384
oracle soft nofile 1024
oracle hard nofile 65536
oracle soft stack 10240
2.7 修改profile文件
在/etc/pam.d/login 文件中,使用文本编辑器或vi命令增加或修改以下内容
session required /lib/security/pam_limits.so
session required pam_limits.so
在/etc/profile 文件中,使用文本编辑器或vi命令增加或修改以下内容
if [ $USER = "oracle" ]; then
if [ $SHELL = "/bin/ksh" ]; then
ulimit -p 16384
ulimit -n 65536
else
ulimit -u 16384 -n 65536
fi
fi
使之生效
# source /etc/profile
2.8 创建安装目录
mkdir -p /u01/app
chown -R oracle:oinstall /u01/app
chmod -R 775 /u01/app
2.9 配置环境变量
# su - oracle
# vim ~/.bash_profile
添加如下变量
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle
export ORACLE_SID=orcl
export ORACLE_PID=ora11g
#export NLS_LANG=AMERICAN_AMERICA.AL32UTF8
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/usr/lib
export ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1
export PATH=$PATH:$ORACLE_HOME/bin
export LANG="zh_CN.UTF-8"
export NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.AL32UTF8"
export NLS_DATE_FORMAT='yyyy-mm-dd hh24:mi:ss'
2.10 解压oracle软件
在/usr/local/src文件夹下解压
# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_1of2.zip
# unzip linux.x64_11gR2_database_2of2.zip
2.11 复制响应文件模板
# su - oracle
# mkdir etc
# cp /usr/local/src/database/response/* /home/oracle/etc/
2.12 修改db_install.rsp 文件
# vim /home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp
修改如下条目
oracle.install.option=INSTALL_DB_SWONLY // 安装类型
ORACLE_HOSTNAME=localhost // 主机名称(hostname查询)
UNIX_GROUP_NAME=oinstall // 安装组
INVENTORY_LOCATION=/u01/app/oraInventory //INVENTORY目录(不填就是默认值)
SELECTED_LANGUAGES=en,zh_CN,zh_TW // 选择语言:
ORACLE_HOME=/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1 //oracle_home
ORACLE_BASE=/u01/app/oracle //oracle_base
oracle.install.db.InstallEdition=EE // oracle版本
oracle.install.db.isCustomInstall=false //自定义安装,否,使用默认组件
oracle.install.db.DBA_GROUP=dba / / dba用户组
oracle.install.db.OPER_GROUP=oinstall // oper用户组
oracle.install.db.OSBACKUPDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSDGDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSKMDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.OSRACDBA_GROUP=dba
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.type=GENERAL_PURPOSE //数据库类型
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.globalDBName=orcl //globalDBName
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.SID=orcl //SID
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.memoryLimit=81920 //自动管理内存的内存(M)
oracle.install.db.config.starterdb.password.ALL=oracle //设定所有数据库用户使用同一个密码
SECURITY_UPDATES_VIA_MYORACLESUPPORT=false //(手动写了false)
DECLINE_SECURITY_UPDATES=true //设置安全更新(貌似是有bug,这个一定要选true,否则会无限提醒邮件地址有问题,终止安装。PS:不管地址对不对)
2.13 静默安装
# su - oracle
# cd /usr/local/src/database
# ./runInstaller -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/etc/db_install.rsp
若出现如下信息,就是安装成功
------------------------------------------------------------------------
The following configuration scripts need to be executed as the "root" user.
#!/bin/sh
#Root scripts to run
/u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
To execute the configuration scripts:
1. Open a terminal window
2. Log in as "root"
3. Run the scripts
4. Return to this window and hit "Enter" key to continue
Successfully Setup Software.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
2.14 使用root用户执行脚本
su - root
/u01/app/oraInventory/orainstRoot.sh
/u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/root.sh
2.15 修改建库应答文件参数,并建库
vim /home/oracle/etc/dbca/rsp
修改如下信息条目
[oracle@docker ~]$ vi /home/oracle/etc/dbca.rsp
[GENERAL]
RESPONSEFILE_VERSION = "11.2.0"
OPERATION_TYPE = "createDatabase"
[CREATEDATABASE]
GDBNAME = "orcl"
SID = "orcl"
TEMPLATENAME = "General_Purpose.dbc"
CHARACTERSET = "AL32UTF8"
# su - oracle
dbca -silent -responseFile /home/oracle/etc/dbca.rsp
2.16 创建/启动监听(oracle用户)
# cd /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1/network/admin/
# vim listener.ora
添加如下信息
LISTENER =
(DESCRIPTION_LIST =
(DESCRIPTION =
(ADDRESS_LIST =
(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = localhost)(PORT = 1521))
)
)
)
SID_LIST_LISTENER =
(SID_LIST =
(SID_DESC =
(GLOBAL_DBNAME = orcl)
(ORACLE_HOME = /u01/app/oracle/product/11.2.0/db_1)
(SID_NAME = orcl)
)
)
启动监听
# lsnrctl start
2.17 测试连接
# sqlplus / as sysdba
SQL> startup
2.18 开机启动项添加
#vim /etc/rc.local
su - oracle << EOF
export ORACLE_SID=dbsrv
lsnrctl start
sqlplus / as sysdba
startup
quit
EOF