1. And by “willpower,” I mean some innate quality of inner strength that allows those who have it to successfully avoid temptation.
句子分析：这句的难点在于 that 引导的定语从句中又嵌套了一个 who 引导的定语从句，划分完句子成分就容易理解了。
成分划分：And by “willpower,” 【状语】I mean【插入语】 some innate quality【主语】 of inner strength【定语】 that allows【谓语】 those 【宾语】who【主】 have【谓】 it【宾】 to successfully avoid temptation【状语】.
句子翻译：说到意志力，我是说某种内在力量的先天品质，允许拥有这个特质的人成功地抵制诱惑。
2.Most people believe that it’sfundamentally a character issue. Some people have willpower (the thin, nonsmokers—and we admirethem for it). Others don’t, and we judge them accordingly.
句子分析：句中 that 引导的宾语从句作为 believe 的宾语
句子结构：most people believe +宾语从句
成分划分：Most people【主语】believe【谓语】 that it is【系动 词】fundamentally a character issue【表语】. Some people【主语】 have【谓语】 willpower【宾语】 (the thin, nonsmokers【同位语】—and we【主语】 admire【谓语】them【宾】 for it【状】). Others don’t【省略了have willpower】, and we 【主】judge【谓】 them 【宾】accordingly【状】.
句子翻译：大多数人相信它根本上是性格问题，一些人有意志力（那些瘦的，不吸烟，我们因此敬佩他们），其他人没有，我们据此来批评他们。
3. Willpower isnot what you think it is.
句子分析：此句是 what 引导的表语从句
句子结构：willpowe is not something.
成分划分：willpower【主】 isnot【系】 what you【主】 think【谓】 it is.
句子翻译：意志力不是你认为的那样。
4.Self-control is the ability to guide your actions in pursuit of agoal—to persevere and stay on course, despite temptations, distractions, and the demands of competinggoals.
句子分析：短语in pursuit of —追求 ，stay on—继续停留
成分划分：Self-control 【主】is【系】 the ability【表】 to guide your actions【定】 in pursuit of【定】 agoal—to persevere and stay on course, despite temptations, distractions, and the demands of competinggoals【同位语】.
句子翻译：自控力是一种引导你的行动去追求目标的能力——能够坚持一直前行，忽略诱惑，分心，同时能处理多个目标。
5.Everyone knows that eating less and exercising more will help youlose weight. But knowing is one thing, and actually doing it is another thing entirely.
句子分析：that 引导的宾语从句，其中动名词 eating，exercising,knowing,doing 做句子的主语。
成分划分：Everyone【主】 knows【谓】 that eating less and exercising more 【主】will help 【谓】you【宾】lose weight【宾补】. But knowing 【主】is【系】 one thing【表】, and actually【状】 doing it【主】 is【系】 another thing 【表】entirely【状】.
句子翻译：每个人都知道少吃多锻炼能减肥，但是知道是一回事，实际上做到完全就是另一回事了。
6.His meteoric rise fromcommunity organizer to Harvard Law Review president, state senator, U.S. senator, and finally presidentof the United States would be worthy of admiration were he the son of well-connected, New Englandbluebloods.
句子分析：from 引导的定语把谓语 would be worthy of 隔开了，导致句子比较难理解，同时后半句也是一个虚拟的倒装语序，所以用了were 并且提前了。
句子结构：his meteoric rise would be worthy of admiration,he were the son of…
成分划分：His meteoric rise 【主】fromcommunity organizer to Harvard Law Review president, state senator, U.S. senator, and finally presidentof the United States【定】 would be worthy of【谓】 admiration【宾】 were【系】 he【主】the son of well-connected, New Englandbluebloods【表】.
句子翻译：他从社区管理员到《哈佛法律评论》主编到州参议员再到联邦参议员最后成为美国总统的飞速晋升，如果他是权贵之家，新英格兰贵族的儿子也只是让人羡慕而已。
7.But he isn’t—he’s the mixed-race child of a broken home and a family of average means,with no particular advantages other than his clearly extraordinary intelligence and determination.
句子分析：此句with 引导伴随状语，than引导比较状语
成分划分：But he【主】 isn’t【系】—he’s the mixed-race child 【表】of a broken home and a family of average means【定】,with no particular advantages 【状】other than his clearly extraordinary intelligence and determination【状】.
句子翻译：但是他不是—他是一个单亲并且财富一般家庭的混血孩子，显然除了非凡的智力和决心没有其他的优势。
微信公众号：光年之外w ，那里有句子的音频。