全国人大关于涉港决定（草案）的说明来了
十三届全国人大常委会副委员长王晨5月22日上午向十三届全国人大三次会议作关于《全国人民代表大会关于建立健全香港特别行政区维护国家安全的法律制度和执行机制的决定(草案)》（a draft decision on establishing and improving the legal system and enforcement mechanisms for the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region to safeguard national security）的说明。
▌从国家层面建立健全香港特别行政区维护国家安全的法律制度和执行机制的必要性和重要性
王晨说，香港回归以来，国家坚定贯彻“一国两制”、“港人治港”、高度自治的方针。“一国两制”实践在香港取得了前所未有的成功。
Since the return of Hong Kong to the motherland, China has been firmly implementing the principles of "one country, two systems," "the people of Hong Kong governing Hong Kong," and a high degree of autonomy, Wang Chen said.
The practice of "one country, two systems"has achieved unprecedented success in Hong Kong, he said.
同时，香港特别行政区国家安全风险日益凸显。很多行为和活动严重挑战“一国两制”原则底线，严重损害法治，严重危害国家主权、安全、发展利益。必须采取有力措施依法予以防范、制止和惩治。
But the increasingly notable national security risks in the HKSAR have become a prominent problem, the vice chairman said, citing activities that have seriously challenged the bottom line of the "one country, two systems" principle, harmed the rule of law, and threatened national sovereignty, security and development interests.
Law-based and forceful measures must be taken to prevent, stop and punish such activities, he noted.
香港基本法第23条规定：“香港特别行政区应自行立法禁止任何叛国、分裂国家、煽动叛乱、颠覆中央人民政府及窃取国家机密的行为，禁止外国的政治性组织或团体在香港特别行政区进行政治活动，禁止香港特别行政区的政治性组织或团体与外国的政治性组织或团体建立联系。”
然而，香港回归20多年来，由于反中乱港势力和外部敌对势力的极力阻挠、干扰，23条立法一直没有完成。
Article 23 of the Basic Law of the HKSAR stipulates that the HKSAR shall enact laws on its own to prohibit any act of treason, secession, sedition, subversion against the Central People's Government, or theft of state secrets, to prohibit foreign political organizations or bodies from conducting political activities in the HKSAR, and to prohibit political organizations or bodies of the HKSAR from establishing ties with foreign political organizations or bodies.
More than 20 years after Hong Kong's return, however, relevant laws are yet to materialize due to the sabotage and obstruction by those trying to sow trouble in Hong Kong and China at large, as well as external hostile forces, Wang said.
在香港目前形势下，必须从国家层面建立健全香港特别行政区维护国家安全的法律制度和执行机制，改变国家安全领域长期“不设防”状况。
在宪法和香港基本法的轨道上推进维护国家安全制度建设，加强维护国家安全工作，确保香港“一国两制”事业行稳致远。
Considering Hong Kong's situation at present, efforts must be made at the state-level to establish and improve the legal system and enforcement mechanisms for the HKSAR to safeguard national security, to change the long-term "defenseless" status in the field of national security, Wang said.
This will advance the institutional building to safeguard national security on the course of China's Constitution and the Basic Law of the HKSAR, he said. This will also strengthen the work of safeguarding national security and ensure the steady and enduring growth of the cause of "one country, two systems", he added.
▌总体要求和基本原则
贯彻上述总体要求，必须遵循和把握好以下基本原则。
一是坚决维护国家安全。
Firmly safeguarding national security;
二是坚持和完善“一国两制”制度体系。
Upholding and improving the "one country, two systems";
三是坚持依法治港。
Adhering to governing Hong Kong in accordance with the law;
四是坚决反对外来干涉。
Resolutely opposing external interference;
五是切实保障香港居民合法权益。
Substantially safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests ofHong Kong residents.
▌决定草案的主要内容
决定草案分为导语和正文两部分，正文部分共有7条。
第一条，阐明国家坚定不移并全面准确贯彻“一国两制”、“港人治港”、高度自治的方针；强调采取必要措施建立健全香港特别行政区维护国家安全的法律制度和执行机制，依法防范、制止和惩治危害国家安全的行为和活动。
Article 1states clearly that the country will unswervingly, fully and faithfully implement the principles of "one country, two systems," "the people of Hong Kong governing Hong Kong," and a high degree of autonomy; stresses taking necessary measures to establish and improve the legal system and enforcement mechanisms for the HKSAR to safeguard national security, as well as prevent, stop and punish activities endangering national security in accordance with the law;
第二条，阐明国家坚决反对任何外国和境外势力以任何方式干预香港特别行政区事务，采取必要措施予以反制。
Article 2states clearly that the country resolutely opposes the interference in the HKSAR affairs by any foreign or external forces in any form and will take necessary countermeasures;
第三条，明确规定维护国家主权、统一和领土完整是香港特别行政区的宪制责任；强调香港特别行政区应当尽早完成香港基本法规定的维护国家安全立法，香港特别行政区行政机关、立法机关、司法机关应当依据有关法律规定有效防范、制止和惩治危害国家安全的行为。
Article 3specifies that it is the HKSAR's constitutional responsibilities to safeguard national sovereignty, unity and territorial integrity; stresses that the HKSAR must complete the national security legislation stipulated in the Basic Law of the HKSAR at an earlier date and HKSAR's administrative, legislative and judicial organs must, in accordance with relevant laws and regulations, effectively prevent, stop and punish acts endangering national security;
第四条，明确规定香港特别行政区应当建立健全维护国家安全的机构和执行机制；中央人民政府维护国家安全的有关机关根据需要在香港特别行政区设立机构，依法履行维护国家安全相关职责。
Article 4specifies that the HKSAR must establish and improve the institutions and enforcement mechanisms for safeguarding national security; when needed, relevant national security organs of the Central People's Government will set up agencies in the HKSAR to fulfill relevant duties to safeguard national security in accordance with the law;
第五条，明确规定香港特别行政区行政长官应当就香港特别行政区履行维护国家安全职责、开展国家安全推广教育、依法禁止危害国家安全的行为等情况，定期向中央人民政府提交报告。
Article 5specifies that the HKSAR chief executive must regularly report to the Central People's Government on the HKSAR's performance of the duty to safeguard national security, carry out national security education and forbid acts of endangering national security;
第六条，明确全国人大常委会相关立法的宪制含义，包括三层含义：
Article 6specifies the constitutional meanings of related legislation of the NPC Standing Committee:
一是授权全国人大常委会就建立健全香港特别行政区维护国家安全的法律制度和执行机制制定相关法律，全国人大常委会将据此行使授权立法职权；
(1)Entrusting the NPC Standing Committee to formulate relevant laws on establishing and improving the legal system and enforcement mechanisms for the HKSAR to safeguard national security. The NPC Standing Committee will exercise its functions and powers of legislation under authorization;
二是明确全国人大常委会相关法律的任务是，切实防范、制止和惩治发生在香港特别行政区内的任何分裂国家、颠覆国家政权、组织实施恐怖活动等严重危害国家安全的行为以及外国和境外势力干预香港特别行政区事务的活动；
(2)Specifying that relevant legal tasks for the NPC Standing Committee are to effectively prevent, stop and punish any act occurring in the HKSAR to split the country, subvert state power, organize and carry out terrorist activities and other behaviors that seriously endanger national security, as well as activities of foreign and external forces to interfere in the affairs of the HKSAR;
三是明确全国人大常委会相关法律在香港特别行政区实施的方式，即全国人大常委会决定将相关法律列入香港基本法附件三，由香港特别行政区在当地公布实施。
(3)Specifying the method of implementing relevant laws of the NPC Standing Committee in the HKSAR, that is, the NPC Standing Committee makes the decision to include relevant laws into Annex III of the Basic Law of the HKSAR, and the HKSAR promulgates and implements them;
第七条，明确本决定的施行时间，即自公布之日起施行。
Article 7specifies that this decision shall go into effect as of the date of promulgation.
王晨说，本决定作出后，全国人大常委会将会同有关方面及早制定香港特别行政区维护国家安全的相关法律，积极推动解决香港特别行政区在维护国家安全制度方面存在的突出问题，加强专门机构、执行机制和执法力量建设，确保相关法律在香港特别行政区有效实施。
After the issuance of the decision, the NPC Standing Committee will work with related parties to formulate relevant laws at an earlier date for the HKSAR to safeguard national security, actively push for settling prominent problems in the national security system of the HKSAR, strengthen the building of special institutions, enforcement mechanisms and law enforcement forces, so as to ensure relevant laws' effective implementation in the HKSAR, Wang said.
林郑月娥回港召开记者会：
全力配合立法!
香港特区行政长官林郑月娥22日表示，特区政府支持全国人民代表大会审议《全国人民代表大会关于建立健全香港特别行政区维护国家安全的法律制度和执行机制的决定（草案）》。
林郑月娥在当日发表的声明中指出，香港特别行政区是中华人民共和国不可分离的部分，是直辖于中央人民政府的一个享有高度自治的地方行政区域。维护国家主权、安全和发展利益是对香港特别行政区的宪制要求，是香港特别行政区政府的职责所在，也关乎全体香港居民的切身利益。鉴于香港特别行政区面临的国家安全局势日趋严峻，而特区行政、立法机关难以在一段可见时间内自行完成维护国家安全有关的立法，特区政府支持全国人大审议从国家层面建立健全香港特区维护国家安全的法律制度和执行机制的决定草案。
Hong Kong Chief Executive Carrie Lam Cheng Yuet-ngor said the special administrationregion government will do its part to safeguard the national interest by "fully cooperating" with the nation's top legislature's proposal of a national security law for Hong Kong.
"Legislation on national security is undoubtedly within the purview of the central authorities. Just as it is in any other country in the world, it is the authority of the country to legislate on its own national security," Lam said.
"Safeguarding national sovereignty, security and development interests is the constitutional requirement of the HKSAR, the duty of the HKSAR government, and also in the interest of all the Hong Kong residents," she added.
2020年5月22日晚间，香港特区行政长官林郑月娥率全体司局长及行政会议成员会见传媒 图源：中新社
林郑月娥强调，特区政府留意到决定草案针对的只是那些分裂国家、颠覆国家政权、组织实施恐怖活动的行为以及外国和境外势力干预香港特区事务的活动。这些恰恰是过去一年不少香港政商界和广大市民极度担忧的情况，亦令大家对国家安全的重要性有更深切体会，并要求特区政府积极应对。
林郑月娥指出，2019年6月至今的修例风波所涉及的暴力不断升级，更出现多宗爆炸品及枪械案件，构成恐怖主义活动的风险，严重危及公共安全。这期间，鼓吹“港独”“民主自决”的组织煽动示威人士，特别是青年人，公然侮辱和焚烧国旗、污损国徽、冲击中央驻港机构，并策划动员所谓“国际支持”，干预香港事务，诋毁“一国两制”在香港的实践和公然挑战中央政府和特区政府的权威。另一方面，部分政团人士亦多次扬言要瘫痪特区政府，还有部分人士乞求外国干预香港事务，甚至对香港实施制裁。这些行为已严重触碰“一国”原则的底线，破坏中央和特区的关系，危害国家主权安全及挑战中央权力和基本法权威。
"This kind of behavior has crossed the baseline of 'one country', sabotaging the relationship between the Central People's Government and the HKSAR, threatening China's sovereignty and national security and challenging the authority of the central authorities and the Basic Law," Lam added.
林郑月娥认为，全国人大审议作出决定草案的根本目的是为了维护国家安全、维护香港繁荣稳定，从而更好地保障香港广大市民的合法权益和自由。深信全国人大常委会稍后制定的全国性法律，旨在切实有效防范和遏止严重危害国家安全的行为和活动，并惩治严重危害国家安全的“港独”分子和暴力分子。决定草案和有关全国性法律的制定将建立健全香港特别行政区维护国家安全的法律制度和执行机制，不会影响香港居民依法享有的各项权利和自由，也不会影响香港司法机关行使独立的司法权和终审权。
She affirmed the legislation will not affect the legitimate rights and freedoms enjoyed by Hong Kong residents under the law or the independent judicial power, including that of final adjudication, exercised by the judiciary in Hong Kong.
It only targets acts of secession, subverting state power and organizing and carrying out terrorist activities, as well as activities interfering with the HKSAR's internal affairs by foreign or external forces, she stressed.
林郑月娥表示，决定草案通过后，香港特区政府将全力配合全国人大常委会尽快完成有关立法，履行维护国家安全的职责，确保香港在“一国两制”下的长期繁荣稳定。
编辑：马文英 陈月华
来源：新华网 中新视频 央视新闻 中国日报
本文内容转载自：中国日报双语新闻，已获授权
