基于mykernel2.0编写一个操作系统内核

1.在ubantu配置实验环境:

 

wget https://raw.github.com/mengning/mykernel/master/mykernel-2.0_for_linux-5.4.34.patch(直接从GitHub拿,使用wget有可能失败)
sudo apt install axel
axel -n 20 https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/linux/kernel/v5.x/linux-5.4.34.tar.xz
xz -d linux-5.4.34.tar.xz
tar -xvf linux-5.4.34.tar
cd linux-5.4.34
patch -p1 < ../mykernel-2.0_for_linux-5.4.34.patch
sudo apt install build-essential libncurses-dev bison flex libssl-dev libelf-dev

make defconfig # Default configuration is based on 'x86_64_defconfig'
make -j$(nproc)
sudo apt install qemu # install QEMU
qemu-system-x86_64 -kernel arch/x86/boot/bzImage
 

 当出现以下窗口就配置成功了:

基于mykernel2.0编写一个操作系统内核_第1张图片

 

 2.基于mykernel 2.0编写一个操作系统内核,(参照https://github.com/mengning/mykernel 提供的范例代码

参考 PPT 以及老师上课的讲解,在 mykernel 文件夹中添加 mypcb.h (进程描述头文件),并修改 mymain.c 和 myinterrupt.c 中的代码,所以我们需要在mymain.c的基础上完成PCB和进程管理的代码,在myinterrupt.c的基础上完成进程切换代码,就可以完成一个可运行的OS kernel。

1.将GitHub的mypch.h放进虚拟机:

基于mykernel2.0编写一个操作系统内核_第2张图片

 

 

2. mypcb.h代码及其注释:

#define MAX_TASK_NUM        4
#define KERNEL_STACK_SIZE   1024*2
/* CPU-specific state of this task */
struct Thread {
    unsigned long               ip;
    unsigned long               sp;
};

typedef struct PCB{
    int pid;//线程号
    volatile long state;        /* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped *///进程状态 -1表示就绪态,0表示运行态,大于0表示阻塞态
    unsigned long stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE]; //进程堆栈
    /* CPU-specific state of this task */
    struct Thread thread;  //当前正在执行的线程信息
    unsigned long       task_entry;  //进程入口函数
    struct PCB *next;//指向下一个PCB,系统中所有的PCB是以链表的形式组织起来的。
}tPCB;

void my_schedule(void);

 

3.修改mymain.c中的my_start_kernel函数,并在mymain.c中实现了my_process函数,用来作为进程的代码模拟一个个进程,时间片轮转调度。

#include "mypcb.h"


tPCB task[MAX_TASK_NUM];
tPCB * my_current_task = NULL;
volatile int my_need_sched = 0;


void my_process(void);


void __init my_start_kernel(void)
{
    int pid = 0;
    int i;
    /* Initialize process 0*/
    task[pid].pid = pid;
    task[pid].state = 0;/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
    task[pid].task_entry = task[pid].thread.ip = (unsigned long)my_process;
    task[pid].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[pid].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
    task[pid].next = &task[pid];
    /*fork more process */
    for(i=1;i)
    {
        memcpy(&task[i],&task[0],sizeof(tPCB));
        task[i].pid = i;
        task[i].state = -1;
        task[i].thread.sp = (unsigned long)&task[i].stack[KERNEL_STACK_SIZE-1];
        task[i].next = task[i-1].next;
        task[i-1].next = &task[i];
    }
    /* start process 0 by task[0] */
    pid = 0;
    my_current_task = &task[pid];
    asm volatile(
        "movq %1,%%rsp\n\t"  /* set task[pid].thread.sp to rsp */
        "pushq %1\n\t"          /* push rbp */
        "pushq %0\n\t"          /* push task[pid].thread.ip */
        "ret\n\t"              /* pop task[pid].thread.ip to rip */
        :
        : "c" (task[pid].thread.ip),"d" (task[pid].thread.sp)   /* input c or d mean %ecx/%edx*/
    );
}

void my_process(void)
{
    int i = 0;
    while(1)
    {
        i++;
        if(i%10000000 == 0)
        {
            printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d -\n",my_current_task->pid);
            if(my_need_sched == 1)
            {
                my_need_sched = 0;
                my_schedule();
            }
            printk(KERN_NOTICE "this is process %d +\n",my_current_task->pid);
        }
    }
}

my_start_kernel函数嵌入一个关键的汇编代码:

  asm volatile(
        "movq %1,%%rsp\n\t"  /* set task[pid].thread.sp to rsp */ // 将进程原堆栈栈顶的地址存⼊RSP寄存器 
        "pushq %1\n\t"          /* push rbp */ //将当前RBP寄存器值压栈
        "pushq %0\n\t"          /* push task[pid].thread.ip */  //将当前进程的RIP压栈
        "ret\n\t"              /* pop task[pid].thread.ip to rip */  // ret命令正好可以让压栈的进程RIP保存到RIP寄存器中
        :
        : "c" (task[pid].thread.ip),"d" (task[pid].thread.sp)   /* input c or d mean %ecx/%edx*/
    );

(4)对myinterrupt.c的修改,my_timer_handler用来记录时间片,时间片消耗完之后完成调度。并在该文件中完成,my_schedule(void)函数的实现;

#include "mypcb.h"


extern tPCB task[MAX_TASK_NUM];
extern tPCB * my_current_task;
extern volatile int my_need_sched;
volatile int time_count = 0;


/*
 * Called by timer interrupt.
 */
void my_timer_handler(void)
{
    if(time_count%1000 == 0 && my_need_sched != 1)
    {
        printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_timer_handler here<<<\n");
        my_need_sched = 1;
    }
    time_count ++ ;
    return;
}


void my_schedule(void)
{
    tPCB * next;
    tPCB * prev;


    if(my_current_task == NULL
        || my_current_task->next == NULL)
    {
      return;
    }
    printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>my_schedule<<<\n");
    /* schedule */
    next = my_current_task->next;
    prev = my_current_task;
    if(next->state == 0)/* -1 unrunnable, 0 runnable, >0 stopped */
    {
      my_current_task = next;
      printk(KERN_NOTICE ">>>switch %d to %d<<<\n",prev->pid,next->pid);
      /* switch to next process */
      asm volatile(
         "pushq %%rbp\n\t"       /* save rbp of prev */
         "movq %%rsp,%0\n\t"     /* save rsp of prev */
         "movq %2,%%rsp\n\t"     /* restore  rsp of next */
         "movq $1f,%1\n\t"       /* save rip of prev */
         "pushq %3\n\t"
         "ret\n\t"               /* restore  rip of next */
         "1:\t"                  /* next process start here */
         "popq %%rbp\n\t"
        : "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)
        : "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)
      );
    }
    return;
}

然后是myinterrupt.c,里面的my_timer_handler 函数会被内核周期性的调用,每调用1000次,就去将全局变量my_need_sched的值修改为1,my_start_kernel中的while循环发现my_need_sched值变为1后,就进行进程的调度,完成进程的切换,如此往复。

asm volatile(    
            "pushq %%rbp\n\t"         /* save rbp of prev */
            "movq %%rsp,%0\n\t"     /* save rsp of prev */
            "movq %2,%%rsp\n\t"     /* restore  rsp of next */
            "movq $1f,%1\n\t"       /* save rip of prev */    
            "pushq %3\n\t" 
            "ret\n\t"                 /* restore  rip of next */
            "1:\t"                  /* next process start here */
            "popq %%rbp\n\t"
            : "=m" (prev->thread.sp),"=m" (prev->thread.ip)
            : "m" (next->thread.sp),"m" (next->thread.ip)
        );

pushq %%rbp: 保存prev进程(本例中指进程0)当前RBP寄存器的值到堆栈;

movq %%rsp,%0 :保存prev进程(本例中指进程0)当前RSP寄存器的值到prev->thread.sp,这时RSP寄存器指向进程的栈顶地址,实际上就是将prev进程的栈顶地址保存;

movq %2,%%rsp: 将next进程的栈顶地址next->thread.sp放⼊RSP寄存器,完成了进程0和进程1的堆栈切换。

movq $1f,%1 :保存prev进程当前RIP寄存器值到prev->thread.ip,这⾥$1f是指标号1。

pushq %3 :把即将执⾏的next进程的指令地址next->thread.ip⼊栈,这时的next->thread.ip可能是进程1的起点my_process(void)函数,也可能是$1f(标号1)。第⼀次被执⾏从头开始为进程1的起点my_process(void)函数,其余的情况均为$1f(标号1),因为next进程如果之前运⾏过那么它就⼀定曾经也作为prev进程被进程切换过。

ret :就是将压⼊栈中的next->thread.ip放⼊RIP寄存器,为什么不直接放⼊RIP寄存器呢?因为程序不能直接使⽤RIP寄存器,只能通过call、ret等指令间接改变RIP寄存器。

1: 标号1是⼀个特殊的地址位置,该位置的地址是$1f。

popq %%rbp :将next进程堆栈基地址从堆栈中恢复到RBP寄存器中。

自此,就完成了进程0与进程1的切换,其他两个相邻进程的切换过程也和这个相同。

5.重新make并运行mykernel

基于mykernel2.0编写一个操作系统内核_第3张图片

 

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