morris遍历

通常,实现二叉树的前序(preorder)、中序(inorder)、后序(postorder)遍历有两个常用的方法:一是递归(recursive),二是使用栈实现的迭代版本(stack+iterative)。这两种方法都是O(n)的空间复杂度(递归本身占用stack空间或者用户自定义的stack)。

本文介绍空间O(1)的遍历方法。

上次文章讲到,我们经典递归遍历其实有三次访问当前节点的机会,就看你再哪次进行操作,而分成了三种遍历。

https://blog.csdn.net/hebtu666/article/details/82853988

morris有两次访问节点的机会。

它省空间的原理是利用了大量叶子节点的没有用的空间,记录之前的节点,做到了返回之前节点这件事情。

我们不说先序中序后序,先说morris遍历的原则:

1、如果没有左孩子,继续遍历右子树

2、如果有左孩子,找到左子树最右节点。

    1)如果最右节点的右指针为空(说明第一次遇到),把它指向当前节点,当前节点向左继续处理。

    2)如果最右节点的右指针不为空(说明它指向之前结点),把右指针设为空,当前节点向右继续处理。

 

这就是morris遍历。

请手动模拟深度至少为3的树的morris遍历来熟悉流程。

 

先看代码:

定义结点:

	public static class Node {
		public int value;
		Node left;
		Node right;

		public Node(int data) {
			this.value = data;
		}
	}

先序:

 (完全按规则写就好。)

//打印时机(第一次遇到):发现左子树最右的孩子右指针指向空,或无左子树。
	public static void morrisPre(Node head) {
		if (head == null) {
			return;
		}
		Node cur1 = head;
		Node cur2 = null;
		while (cur1 != null) {
			cur2 = cur1.left;
			if (cur2 != null) {
				while (cur2.right != null && cur2.right != cur1) {
					cur2 = cur2.right;
				}
				if (cur2.right == null) {
					cur2.right = cur1;
					System.out.print(cur1.value + " ");
					cur1 = cur1.left;
					continue;
				} else {
					cur2.right = null;
				}
			} else {
				System.out.print(cur1.value + " ");
			}
			cur1 = cur1.right;
		}
		System.out.println();
	}

morris在发表文章时只写出了中序遍历。而先序遍历只是打印时机不同而已,所以后人改进出了先序遍历。至于后序,是通过打印所有的右边界来实现的:对每个有边界逆序,打印,再逆序回去。注意要原地逆序,否则我们morris遍历的意义也就没有了。

完整代码: 

public class MorrisTraversal {

	
	
	public static void process(Node head) {
		if(head == null) {
			return;
		}
		
		// 1
		//System.out.println(head.value);
		
		
		process(head.left);
		
		// 2
		//System.out.println(head.value);
		
		
		process(head.right);
		
		// 3
		//System.out.println(head.value);
	}
	
	
	public static class Node {
		public int value;
		Node left;
		Node right;

		public Node(int data) {
			this.value = data;
		}
	}
//打印时机:向右走之前
	public static void morrisIn(Node head) {
		if (head == null) {
			return;
		}
		Node cur1 = head;//当前节点
		Node cur2 = null;//最右
		while (cur1 != null) {
			cur2 = cur1.left;
			//左孩子不为空
			if (cur2 != null) {
				while (cur2.right != null && cur2.right != cur1) {
					cur2 = cur2.right;
				}//找到最右
				//右指针为空,指向cur1,cur1向左继续
				if (cur2.right == null) {
					cur2.right = cur1;
					cur1 = cur1.left;
					continue;
				} else {
					cur2.right = null;
				}//右指针不为空,设为空
			}
			System.out.print(cur1.value + " ");
			cur1 = cur1.right;
		}
		System.out.println();
	}
//打印时机(第一次遇到):发现左子树最右的孩子右指针指向空,或无左子树。
	public static void morrisPre(Node head) {
		if (head == null) {
			return;
		}
		Node cur1 = head;
		Node cur2 = null;
		while (cur1 != null) {
			cur2 = cur1.left;
			if (cur2 != null) {
				while (cur2.right != null && cur2.right != cur1) {
					cur2 = cur2.right;
				}
				if (cur2.right == null) {
					cur2.right = cur1;
					System.out.print(cur1.value + " ");
					cur1 = cur1.left;
					continue;
				} else {
					cur2.right = null;
				}
			} else {
				System.out.print(cur1.value + " ");
			}
			cur1 = cur1.right;
		}
		System.out.println();
	}
//逆序打印所有右边界
	public static void morrisPos(Node head) {
		if (head == null) {
			return;
		}
		Node cur1 = head;
		Node cur2 = null;
		while (cur1 != null) {
			cur2 = cur1.left;
			if (cur2 != null) {
				while (cur2.right != null && cur2.right != cur1) {
					cur2 = cur2.right;
				}
				if (cur2.right == null) {
					cur2.right = cur1;
					cur1 = cur1.left;
					continue;
				} else {
					cur2.right = null;
					printEdge(cur1.left);
				}
			}
			cur1 = cur1.right;
		}
		printEdge(head);
		System.out.println();
	}
//逆序打印
	public static void printEdge(Node head) {
		Node tail = reverseEdge(head);
		Node cur = tail;
		while (cur != null) {
			System.out.print(cur.value + " ");
			cur = cur.right;
		}
		reverseEdge(tail);
	}
//逆序(类似链表逆序)
	public static Node reverseEdge(Node from) {
		Node pre = null;
		Node next = null;
		while (from != null) {
			next = from.right;
			from.right = pre;
			pre = from;
			from = next;
		}
		return pre;
	}
	public static void main(String[] args) {
		Node head = new Node(4);
		head.left = new Node(2);
		head.right = new Node(6);
		head.left.left = new Node(1);
		head.left.right = new Node(3);
		head.right.left = new Node(5);
		head.right.right = new Node(7);

		morrisIn(head);
		morrisPre(head);
		morrisPos(head);
	}

}

 

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