居庙堂之高则忧其民,处江湖之远则忧其君。虽然Eumaeus只是身为一个小小牧猪人,但他身上所展现的高贵品质,连身份尊贵的王公大臣都应该自叹不如。
上一章末,Athena让Odysseus来找他的猪倌Eumaeus打探消息。当时Athena是怎样形容这个猪倌的呢?
But you, you make your way to the swineherd first,in charge of your pigs,and true to you as always,loyal friend to your son, to Penelope, so self-possessed.
True、loyal、self-possessed,三个形容词极其巧妙地向读者勾勒出一个亲信的形象:始终对主人忠心耿耿。就算主人不在,也继续以自己的忠心对待主人的家室。此外,他还有作为一位亲信所必须具备的重要品质——懂得分寸,谨小慎微。
那么他的忠诚和高贵具体表现在:
1.尽职尽责。不仅对养猪、放猪等自己的本责不懈怠,还自己俢篱搭墙,养狗看猪。所有的事都亲力亲为。连Athena都说Odysseus现在的猪群是又白又壮。rooting for feed that makes pigs sleek and fat)
晚上他片刻也不懈怠,照样要拿好长矛,裹好长袍,看好主人的猪群。猪在,人在。(Then out he went to sleep where his white-tusked boars had settled down for the night … just under a jutting crag that broke the North Wind’s blast.)
北风呼嚎,寒意袭来。但这一幕却温暖了奥德修斯的心。
2.三句话不离自己的主人。才第一次见到伪装成乞讨者的Odysseus,就开始说起自己主人的事。但他相信Odysseus仍然活着,只是像现在自己面前这位乞讨者一样,身在异乡,饥肠辘辘而已。所以这应该也算作是另一种“触景生情”吧,他希望自己能够好好地招待这位乞讨者,自己的主人在异乡也也会受到他人的善待,不会挨饿受冻。 他相信赶走上门的乞讨者是不对的,就算其他人比Odysseus更邋里邋遢,他也会善待他们。
3.失去双亲之痛也比不上失去主人之痛。(Never another master kind as he! I’ll never find one—no matter where I go,not even if I went back to mother and father,the house where I was born and my parents reared me once. Ah, but much as I grieve for them, much as I long to lay my eyes on them, set foot on the old soil, it’s longing for him, him that wrings my heart— Odysseus, lost and gone!)Eumeaus是奥德修斯买下的仆人。从小离家,对家有着浓浓的思念之情。但自己的主人确是那么平易近人,善待身边的仆人亲信。奥德修斯一去不复返后,Eumaeus对此痛心不已。由此可见,这主仆二人之间的关系如同亲人一般。
3.当伪装成乞丐的奥德修斯告诉他,自己曾经听闻过他主人的下落。不管奥德修斯怎样说,怎样发誓,但Eumaeus就是不信(因为有太多人借着知道奥德修斯下落的谎言想获得物质上的奖励),但他依然拿出最好的食物款待客人。这其中既有对神的敬意(如果不善待外乡人,便会受到神的惩罚),或许也是因为他有一颗怜悯之心。(“The swineherd, soul of virtue, did not forget the gods”, “But to Odysseus he presented the boar’s long loin and the cut of honor cheered his master’s heart”)
无奈之下,奥德修斯只好说道:“But if your master doesn’t return as I predict,set your men on me—fling me off some rocky crag so the next beggar here may just think twice before he peddles lies.”你就“杀鸡儆猴”,就不会再有人来骗吃骗喝了。Eumaeus似乎也是半开玩笑回答道:“Surely, friend!”—the swineherd shook his head—and just think of the praise and fame I’d win among mankind, now and for all time to come, if first I took you under my roof, I treated you kindly as my guest then cut you down and robbed you of your life—how keen I’d be to say my prayers to Zeus!” 好啊,这样我就会美名天下传。但假若我真的款待你后,却盗走你的命,我向Zeus祈祷时情绪该多么激动呐!Eumaeus这里用了rob这个词来形容夺走一个人的生命,似乎更加体现其怜悯同情之心。记得《追风筝的人》里有这样一句话:“罪只有一种,那就是盗窃,其他罪都是盗窃的变种,当你杀死一个人时,你就偷了一条命,你偷走他妻子身为人妇的权利,夺走他子女的父亲;当你说谎的时候,你偷了别人知道真相的权利,没有比盗窃更十恶不赦的罪了,明白了吗?”哈哈,想来似乎Eumaeus和阿米尔父亲的观点如出一辙。
本章中多次用loyal这个词来形容Eumaeus,其中也用来形容奥德修斯妻子的坚贞不渝。(“Why, any tramp washed up on Ithaca’s shores scurries right to my mistress, babbling lies, and she ushers him in, kindly, pressing for details, and the warm tears of grief come trickling down her cheeks, the loyal wife’s way when her husband’s died abroad.”)不管什么流浪汉,他们又编造着怎样的谎言。但他的妻子仍会一遍又一遍迫切地询问丈夫的下落,仍会一次又一次地落泪。这就是一位妻子的忠贞。