一）内容总结：
大标题：How Japan’s prime minister plans to cope with daunting demography 看日本首相怎么应对这可怕的人口问题啊
小标题: The reforms he has in mind are not bold enough 他所设想的改革还不够大胆嘞
段一：开篇被接受采访的日本首相安培晋三，就直击日本现在面临的严峻人口问题：出生率下降、老龄化严重；他提出一系列改革：增加劳动力、降低养老成本
段二：通过更为具体的数据对比，死亡人数大于出生人数，老龄化占比居各国之首，百岁老人数量还在翻倍。更客观的反映了日本老龄化问题的严峻形势。
段三：于是，问题就来了，社会保障福利，国家已承担不起；公共债务高；劳动力不足，平均一个人面临2份工作，预计未来还会减少。
二）实用表达总结：
段一：
① Japan’s prime minister 日本首相
② cope with =handle/deal with/ tackle 解决处理
③ daunting=difficult/challenging/formidable 困难的、具有挑战、使畏惧的
补充：a daunting task 很艰巨/棘手的任务
④ The reforms he has in mind are not bold enough-他所设想的改革还不够大胆
⑤ 反义-an audacious 美 /ɔ'deʃəs/ plan/the sheer audacity of the plan/the plan is of sheer audacity 我有个大胆想法
⑥ birth rate 出生率
⑦ the ageing of Japanese society 日本社会老龄化 ageing 做为形容词
补充：
aging can be an adjective or verb
As an adjective, aging means getting older. 现有的状态是老的
As a verb, aging is the present participle of the verb to age, which means to get older. 变老的过程
age 现在分词：美式 aging/ageing（是否美国常用具有争议） 英式 ageing
⑧ accelerating at unprecedented 美 /ʌn'prɛsɪdɛntɪd/ speed 以空前的速度加快（指人口老龄化）
补充：
accelerating 原型 accelerate 美 /əkˈsɛləˌret/
搭配 hard/quickly/smoothly
同义词：fast 反义词：slow
造句：Up until October 24th, Lunkin churns out over 1400 stores, and by December expects to reach 1800 total stores. The number is accelerating at unprecedented speed.
⑨ Given the scale of the problem 考虑到问题的严重程度
Given：knowing about or considering a particular thing
Given (the fact) that 句型
⑩ push for 奋力争取
造句：If you join the morning reading, you must push for the chance to take up the microphone.
⑪ impactful policies 有效的政策
impactful 有效的 having a powerful effect on a situation or person=compelling
造句：His speech is very impactful.
⑫ a series of reforms 一系列改革
⑬ the elderly 老年人
段二：
① That sounds dramatic 听起来真X
造句：That sounds great/exciting/interesting/good/an impossible task
② centenarians 原型 centenarian 美 /,sɛntɪ'nɛrɪən/ 百岁老人
③ a seven-fold increase on two decades ago 比20年前增长了7倍
段三：
① has become unaffordable 已负担不起
② 反义 affordable
造句：Hot dry noodles, also known as reganmian, is a traditional Chinese dish in Wuhan. The noodles could be prepared in minutes and affordable. Therefore, it becomes the most popular breakfast choice.
③ Japan is suffering from an acute labour shortage. 日本正面临严重的劳动力短缺。
an acute labour shortage 注意：labour 英式 labor 美式
造句：Many AI companies are suffering from an acute talent shortage.
④ every job-seeker 每一位求职者
⑤ the workforce is 劳动力 谓语动词用 单数
三）重点分析
段一：
① Given the scale of the problem, he told The Economist this week, the government must push for “impactful policies” to tackle it right away.
动词的使用 push for / to tackle =to tough it out
句子结构模仿：Given the severity of the problem for English learners, he told his partner, our Phenomenal English community must push for English learning modules to tackle it right away.
② He mentions a series of reforms, intended to boost the workforce and reduce the cost of supporting the elderly.
动词的使用 boost / reduce=allay=curb
造句：
Tencent implemented a series of reforms, intended to reduce the gaming time of young gamers.
Tencent set up a system of user-identity checks, intended to reduce the gaming time of young gamers.
implemented
搭配 introduced; proposed; announced; initiated; enacted
③ The Diet is currently debating a government proposal to admit 345,000 foreign workers over five years, for instance.
The Diet：通常指的日本的 “国会” 也称作为：National Diet 或者 parliament
句子结构：for instance 放在句子最后，突出重点信息。
段二：
Over 28% of the population is older than 65, compared with 21% in Germany, 15% in America and 6% in India.
句子结构模仿：Over 14.6 % of the population is single in China, compared with 21% in Germany, 50% in America and 36% in India.
段三：
There are already 1.6 jobs for every job-seeker, and the workforce is predicted to shrink from 67m last year to 58m in 2030.
动词的使用: shrink from...to...
句子结构： XX is predicted to shrink from XX last year to XX in 2019.