python网络编程案例——五子棋游戏

一.本案例基于UDP的socket编程方法来制作五子棋程序，网络五子棋采用C/S架构，分为服务器端和客户端，游戏时服务端首先启动，当客户端启动连接后，服务器端可以走棋，轮到自己棋才可以在棋盘上落子，同时下方标签会显示对方走起信息，服务器端用户可以通过“退出游戏”按钮可以结束游戏；

1.数据通信协议

网络五子棋游戏设计的难点在于对方进行通信，这里使用面向非连接的Socket编程，Socket编程用于C/S开发，在这类应用中，客户端和服务器端通常需要先建立连接，然后发送和接收数据，交互完成后需要断开连接，本章采用基于UDP的Socket编程实现，这里虽然两台计算机不分主次，但涉及时候假设一台作为服务器端，等待其他方加入，其他想加入必须输入服务器端主机的IP；
下面展示一些 数据通信协议代码。

def receiveMessage():
    global s
    while True:
        global addr
        data,addr=s.recvfrom(1024)
        data=data.decode('utf-8')
        a=data.split("|")
        if not data:
            print("client has exited!")
            break
        elif a[0]=='join':  #连接服务器请求
            print('client 连接服务器！')
            label1["text"]='client连接服务器成功，请你走棋！'
        elif a[0]=='exit':
            print('client 对方退出！')
            label1["text"]='client对方退出，游戏结束！'
        elif a[0]=='over':
            print('对方赢信息！')
            label1["text"]=data.split("|")[0]
            showinfo(title="提示",message=data.split("|")[1])
        elif a[0]=='move':
            print('received:',data,'from',addr)
            p=a[1].split(",")
            x=int(p[0])
            y=int(p[1])
            print(p[0],p[1])
            label1["text"]="客户端走的位置"+p[0]+p[1]
            drawOtherChess(x,y)
    s.close()

2.判断输赢的算法

   本游戏关键技术就是判断输赢的算法，对于算法实现大致可以分为以下几个部分：

（1）判断X=Y轴上是否形成五子连珠；

（2）判断X=-Y轴上是否形成五子连珠；

（3）判断X轴上是否形成五子连珠；

（4）判断Y轴上是否形成五子连珠；

#输赢判断
def win_lose():
    a=str(turn)
    print("a=",a)
    for i in range(0,11):
        for j in range(0,11):
            if map[i][j]==a and map[i+1][j+1]==a and map[i+2][j+2]==a and map[i+3][j+3]==a and map[i+4][j+4]==a:
                print("x=y轴上形成五子连珠")
                return True
    for i in range(4,15):
        for j in range(0,11):
            if map[i][j]==a and map[i-1][j+1]==a and map[i-2][j+2]==a and map[i-3][j+3]==a and map[i-4][j+4]==a:
                print("x=-y轴上形成五子连珠")
                return True
    for i in range(0,15):
        for j in range(4,15):
            if map[i][j]==a and map[i][j-1]==a and map[i][j-2]==a and map[i][j-2]==a and map[i][j-4]==a:
                print("Y轴上形成了五子连珠")
                return True
    for i in range(0,11):
        for j in range(0,15):
            if map[i][j]==a and map[i+1][j]==a and map[i+2][j]==a and map[i+3][j]==a and map[i+4][j]==a:
                print("X轴形成五子连珠")
                return True
    return False

二. 源代码：
1.客户端编程代码如下：

from tkinter import *
from tkinter.messagebox import *
import socket
import threading
import os
#主程序
root=Tk()
root.title("网络五子棋v2.0--UDP客户端")
imgs=[PhotoImage(file='E:\\game\\BlackStone.gif'),PhotoImage(file='E:\\game\\WhiteStone.gif')]
turn=0
Myturn=-1
#画对方棋子
def drawOtherChess(x,y):
    global turn
    img1=imgs[turn]
    cv.create_image((x*40+20,y*40+20),image=img1)
    cv.pack()
    map[x][y]=str(turn)
    #换下一方走棋
    if turn==0:
        turn=1
    else:
        turn=0
#发送消息
def sendMessage(pos):
    global s
    s.sendto(pos.encode(),(host,port))
#退出函数
def callexit(event):
    pos="exit|"
    sendMessage(pos)
    os._exit(0)
#走棋函数
def callback(event):
    global turn
    global Myturn
    if Myturn==-1:
        Myturn=turn
    else:
        if(Myturn!=turn):
            showinfo(title="提示",message="还没轮到自己走棋")
            return
    #print("clicked at",event.x,event.y)
    x=(event.x)//40
    y=(event.y)//40
    print("clicked at",x,y,turn)
    if map[x][y]!=" ":
        showinfo(title="提示",message="已有棋子")
    else:
        img1=imgs[turn]
        cv.create_image((x*40+20,y*40+20),image=img1)
        cv.pack()
        map[x][y]=str(turn)
        pos=str(x)+','+str(y)
        sendMessage("move|"+pos)
        print("客户端走的位置",pos)
        label1["text"]="客户端走的位置"+pos
        #输出输赢信息
        if win_lose( )==True:
            if turn==0:
                showinfo(title="提示",message="黑方你赢了")
                sendMessage("over|黑方你赢了！")
            else:
                showinfo(title="提示",message="白方你赢了！")
                sendMessage("over|白方你赢了！")
        #换下一方走棋：
        if turn==0:
            turn=1
        else:
            turn=0
#画棋盘
def drawQiPan( ): #画棋盘
    for i in range(0,15):
        cv.create_line(20,20+40*i,580,20+40*i,width=2)
    for i in range(0,15):
        cv.create_line(20+40*i,20,20+40*i,580,width=2)
    cv.pack()
#输赢判断
def win_lose():
    a=str(turn)
    print("a=",a)
    for i in range(0,11):
        for j in range(0,11):
            if map[i][j]==a and map[i+1][j+1]==a and map[i+2][j+2]==a and map[i+3][j+3]==a and map[i+4][j+4]==a:
                print("x=y轴上形成五子连珠")
                return True
    for i in range(4,15):
        for j in range(0,11):
            if map[i][j]==a and map[i-1][j+1]==a and map[i-2][j+2]==a and map[i-3][j+3]==a and map[i-4][j+4]==a:
                print("x=-y轴上形成五子连珠")
                return True
    for i in range(0,15):
        for j in range(4,15):
            if map[i][j]==a and map[i][j-1]==a and map[i][j-2]==a and map[i][j-2]==a and map[i][j-4]==a:
                print("Y轴上形成了五子连珠")
                return True
    for i in range(0,11):
        for j in range(0,15):
            if map[i][j]==a and map[i+1][j]==a and map[i+2][j]==a and map[i+3][j]==a and map[i+4][j]==a:
                print("X轴形成五子连珠")
                return True
    return False

#接受消息
def receiveMessage(): #接受消息
    global s
    while True:
        data = s.recv(1024).decode('utf-8')
        a = data.split("|")
        if not data:
            print('server has exited!')
            break
        elif a[0] == 'exit':
            print('对方退出！')
            lanel1["text"] = '对方退出！游戏结束！'
        elif a[0] == 'over':
            print('对方赢信息！')
            label1["text"] = data.split("|")[0]
            showinfo(title="提示", message=data.split("|")[1])
        elif a[0] == 'move':
            print('received:', data)
            p = a[1].split(",")
            x = int(p[0])
            y = int(p[1])
            print(p[0], p[1])
            label1["text"] = "服务器走的位置" + p[0] + p[1]
            drawOtherChess(x,y)
    s.close()
#启动线程接受客户端消息
def startNewThread():
    thread=threading.Thread(target=receiveMessage,args=())
    thread.setDaemon(True)
    thread.start()
#主程序

map=[[" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "] for y in range(15)]
cv=Canvas(root,bg='green',width=610,height=610)
drawQiPan()
cv.bind("",callback)
cv.pack()
label1=Label(root,text="客户端...")
label1.pack()
button1=Button(root,text="退出游戏")
button1.bind("",callexit)
button1.pack()
#创建UDP
s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
port=8000
host='localhost'
pos='join|'
sendMessage(pos)
startNewThread()
root.mainloop()

2.数据通信协议源代码：
下面展示一些 数据通信协议源代码。

def receiveMessage():
    global s
    while True:
        global addr
        data,addr=s.recvfrom(1024)
        data=data.decode('utf-8')
        a=data.split("|")
        if not data:
            print("client has exited!")
            break
        elif a[0]=='join':  #连接服务器请求
            print('client 连接服务器！')
            label1["text"]='client连接服务器成功，请你走棋！'
        elif a[0]=='exit':
            print('client 对方退出！')
            label1["text"]='client对方退出，游戏结束！'
        elif a[0]=='over':
            print('对方赢信息！')
            label1["text"]=data.split("|")[0]
            showinfo(title="提示",message=data.split("|")[1])
        elif a[0]=='move':
            print('received:',data,'from',addr)
            p=a[1].split(",")
            x=int(p[0])
            y=int(p[1])
            print(p[0],p[1])
            label1["text"]="客户端走的位置"+p[0]+p[1]
            drawOtherChess(x,y)
    s.close()
#输赢判断
def win_lose():
    a=str(turn)
    print("a=",a)
    for i in range(0,11):
        for j in range(0,11):
            if map[i][j]==a and map[i+1][j+1]==a and map[i+2][j+2]==a and map[i+3][j+3]==a and map[i+4][j+4]==a:
                print("x=y轴上形成五子连珠")
                return True
    for i in range(4,15):
        for j in range(0,11):
            if map[i][j]==a and map[i-1][j+1]==a and map[i-2][j+2]==a and map[i-3][j+3]==a and map[i-4][j+4]==a:
                print("x=-y轴上形成五子连珠")
                return True
    for i in range(0,15):
        for j in range(4,15):
            if map[i][j]==a and map[i][j-1]==a and map[i][j-2]==a and map[i][j-2]==a and map[i][j-4]==a:
                print("Y轴上形成了五子连珠")
                return True
    for i in range(0,11):
        for j in range(0,15):
            if map[i][j]==a and map[i+1][j]==a and map[i+2][j]==a and map[i+3][j]==a and map[i+4][j]==a:
                print("X轴形成五子连珠")
                return True
    return False
def checkwin(x,y):
    flag=False
    count=1
    color=map[x][y]
    i=1
    #横向判断
    while color==map[x+i][y]:
        count=count+1
        i=i+1
    i=1
    while color==map[x-i][y]:
        count=count+1
        i=i+1
    if count>=5:
        flag=True
    #竖向判断
    i=1
    while color==map[x][y+i]:
        count=count+1
        i=i+1
    i=1
    while color==map[x][y-i]:
        count=count+1
        i=i+1
    if count>=5:
        flag=True
    #x=y判断
    i=1
    j=1
    while color==map[x+i][y+i]:
        count=count+1
        i=i+1
        j=j+1
    if count>=5:
        flag=True
    j=1
    i=1
    while color==map[x-i][y-i]:
        count=count+1
        i=i+1
        j=j+1
    if count>=5:
        flag=True

3.服务器端源代码

客户端源代码如下：

from tkinter import *
from tkinter.messagebox import *
import socket,threading,os
def drawQiPan():
    for i in range(0,15):
        cv.create_line(20,20+40*i,580,20+40*i,width=2)
    for i in range(0,15):
        cv.create_line(20+40*i,20,20+40*i,580,width=2)
    cv.pack()
#走棋函数
def callpos(event):
    global turn
    global Myturn
    if Myturn==-1:  #第一次确认自己的角色
        Myturn=turn
    else:
        if(Myturn!=turn):
            showinfo(title="提示",message="还没轮到自己下棋")
            return
    #print("clicked at",event.x,event.y,true)
    x=(event.x)//40
    y=(event.y)//40
    print("clicked at",x,y,turn)
    if map[x][y]!=" ":
        showinfo(title="提示",message="已有棋子")
    else:
        img1=imgs[turn]
        cv.create_image((x*40+20,y*40+20),image=img1)
        cv.pack()
        map[x][y]=str(turn)
        pos=str(x)+","+str(y)
        sendMessage("move|"+pos)
        print("服务器走的位置",pos)
        label1["text"]="服务器走的位置"+pos
        #输出输赢信息
        if win_lose( )==True:
            if turn==0:
                showinfo(title="提示",message="黑方你赢了")
                sendMessage("over|黑方你赢了")
            else:
                showinfo(title="提示", message="白方你赢了")
                sendMessage("over|白方你赢了")
        #换下一方走棋
        if turn==0:
            turn=1
        else:
            turn=0
#发送消息
def sendMessage(pos):
    global s
    global addr
    s.sendto(pos.encode(),addr)
#退出函数
def callexit(event):
    pos="exit|"
    sendMessage(pos)
    os._exit(0)

#画对方棋子
def drawOtherChess(x,y):
    global turn
    img1=imgs[turn]
    cv.create_image((x*40+20,y*40+20),image=img1)
    cv.pack()
    map[x][y]=str(turn)
    #换下一方走棋
    if turn==0:
        turn=1
    else:
        turn=0

#判断整个棋盘的输赢
def win_lose():
    a=str(turn)
    print("a=",a)
    for i in range(0,11):
        for j in range(0,11):
            if map[i][j]==a and map[i+1][j+1]==a and map[i+2][j+2]==a and map[i+3][j+3]==a and map[i+4][j+4]==a:
                print("x=y轴上形成五子连珠")
                return True
    for i in range(4,15):
        for j in range(0,11):
            if map[i][j]==a and map[i-1][j+1]==a and map[i-2][j+2]==a and map[i-3][j+3]==a and map[i-4][j+4]==a:
                print("x=-y轴上形成五子连珠")
                return True
    for i in range(0,15):
        for j in range(4,15):
            if map[i][j]==a and map[i][j-1]==a and map[i][j-2]==a and map[i][j-2]==a and map[i][j-4]==a:
                print("Y轴上形成了五子连珠")
                return True
    for i in range(0,11):
        for j in range(0,15):
            if map[i][j]==a and map[i+1][j]==a and map[i+2][j]==a and map[i+3][j]==a and map[i+4][j]==a:
                print("X轴形成五子连珠")
                return True
    return False
#输出map地图
def print_map():
    for j in range(0,15):
        for i in range(0,15):
            print(map[i][j],end=' ')
        print('w')
#接受消息
def receiveMessage():
    global s
    while True:#接受客户端发送的消息
        global addr
        data,addr=s.recvfrom(1024)
        data=data.decode('utf-8')
        a=data.split("|")
        if not data:
            print('client has exited!')
            break
        elif a[0]=='join':#连接服务器的请求
            print('client 连接服务器！')
            label1["text"]='client连接服务器成功，请你走棋！'
        elif a[0]=='exit':
            print('client对方退出!')
            label1["text"]='client对方退出，游戏结束！'
        elif a[0]=='over':
            print('对方赢信息！')
            labl1["text"]==data.split("|")[0]
            showinfo(title="提示",message=data.split("1")[1])
        elif a[0]=='move':
            print('received:',data,'from',addr)
            p=a[1].split(",")
            x=int(p[0])
            y=int(p[1])
            print(p[0],p[1])
            label1["text"]="客户端走的位置"+p[0]+p[1]
            drawOtherChess(x,y)
    s.close()
def startNewThread( ):#启动新线程来接受客户端消息
    thread=threading.Thread(target=receiveMessage,args=())
    thread.setDaemon(True)
    thread.start()
root=Tk()
root.title("网络五子棋v2.0-服务器端")
imgs=[PhotoImage(file='E:\\game\\BlackStone.gif'),PhotoImage(file='E:\\game\\WhiteStone.gif')]
turn=0
Myturn=-1
map=[[" "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "," "] for y in range(15)]
cv=Canvas(root,bg='green',width=610,height=610)
drawQiPan()
cv.bind("",callpos)
cv.pack()
label1=Label(root,text="服务器端...")
label1.pack()
button1=Button(root,text="退出游戏")
button1.bind("",callexit)
button1.pack()
#创建UDP SOCKET
s=socket.socket(socket.AF_INET,socket.SOCK_DGRAM)
s.bind(('localhost',8000))
addr=('localhost',8000)
startNewThread()
root.mainloop()

运行结果展示：

所有的都在这里了，欢迎各位大佬批评指正，