Linux安装环境（jdk、mysql、Nginx ）

自己买了服务器，记录部署环境过程
安装jdk，mysql，Nginx ，Redis

1:安装jdk

在home下创建java文件夹上传jdk
解压

 tar -zxvf jdk-11.0.1_linux-x64_bin.tar.gz 

重命名文件夹

 mv jdk-11.0.1 jdk

编辑配置文件，配置环境变量

vim /etc/profile
添加如下内容：JAVA_HOME根据实际目录来
JAVA_HOME=/home/java/jdk
CLASSPATH=$JAVA_HOME/lib/
PATH=$PATH:$JAVA_HOME/bin
export PATH JAVA_HOME CLASSPATH

重启机器或执行命令

sudo shutdown -r now

查看安装情况

java -version

出现如下结果 表明成功

java version "11.0.1" 2018-10-16 LTS
Java(TM) SE Runtime Environment 18.9 (build 11.0.1+13-LTS)
Java HotSpot(TM) 64-Bit Server VM 18.9 (build 11.0.1+13-LTS, mixed mode)

2:安装mysql

在根目录下创建文件夹software和数据库数据文件/data
下载安装包解压到/software/mysql 更改解压缩后的文件夹名称

mkdir /software/
mkdir /data

tar -zxvf mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64.tar.gz
mv /software/mysql-5.7.21-linux-glibc2.12-x86_64/  /software/mysql

创建mysql用户组和mysql用户

groupadd mysql
useradd -r -g mysql mysql

关联myql用户到mysql用户组中

chown -R mysql:mysql  /software/mysql/

chown -R mysql:mysql  /data/mysql/

chown -R mysql  /software/mysql/

chown -R mysql  /data/mysql

更改mysql安装文件夹mysql/的权限

chmod -R 755 /software/mysql/

安装libaio依赖包

查询是否暗转libaio依赖包

yum search libaio

如果没安装，可以用下面命令安装

yum install libaio

初始化mysql命令

cd /software/mysql/bin

./mysqld --user=mysql --basedir=/software/mysql --datadir=/data/mysql --initialize

初始化后会生成临时密码 很重要

修改Mysql配置文件

修改前

      if test -z "$basedir"
      then
      basedir=/usr/local/mysql
      bindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
      if test -z "$datadir"
      then
      datadir=/usr/local/mysql/data
      fi
      sbindir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
      libexecdir=/usr/local/mysql/bin
      else
      bindir="$basedir/bin"
      if test -z "$datadir"
      then
      datadir="$basedir/data"
      fi
      sbindir="$basedir/sbin"
      libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"
      fi

      修改后

      if test -z "$basedir"
      then
      basedir=/software/mysql
      bindir=/software/mysql/bin
      if test -z "$datadir"
      then
      datadir=/data/mysql
      fi
      sbindir=/software/mysql/bin
      libexecdir=/software/mysql/bin
      else
      bindir="$basedir/bin"
      if test -z "$datadir"
      then
      datadir="$basedir/data"
      fi
      sbindir="$basedir/sbin"
      libexecdir="$basedir/libexec"
      fi

      保存退出
      #cp /software/mysql/support-files/mysql.server  /etc/init.d/mysqld

      #chmod 755 /etc/init.d/mysqld

修改my.cnf文件

vi /etc/my.cnf

    将下面内容复制替换当前的my.cnf文件中的内容
     [client]
      no-beep
      socket =/software/mysql/mysql.sock
      # pipe
      # socket=0.0
      port=3306
      [mysql]
      default-character-set=utf8
      [mysqld]
      basedir=/software/mysql
      datadir=/data/mysql
      port=3306
      pid-file=/software/mysql/mysqld.pid
      #skip-grant-tables
      skip-name-resolve
      socket = /software/mysql/mysql.sock
      character-set-server=utf8
      default-storage-engine=INNODB
      explicit_defaults_for_timestamp = true
      # Server Id.
      server-id=1
      max_connections=2000
      query_cache_size=0
      table_open_cache=2000
      tmp_table_size=246M
      thread_cache_size=300
      #限定用于每个数据库线程的栈大小。默认设置足以满足大多数应用
      thread_stack = 192k
      key_buffer_size=512M
      read_buffer_size=4M
      read_rnd_buffer_size=32M
      innodb_data_home_dir = /data/mysql
      innodb_flush_log_at_trx_commit=0
      innodb_log_buffer_size=16M
      innodb_buffer_pool_size=256M
      innodb_log_file_size=128M
      innodb_thread_concurrency=128
      innodb_autoextend_increment=1000
      innodb_buffer_pool_instances=8
      innodb_concurrency_tickets=5000
      innodb_old_blocks_time=1000
      innodb_open_files=300
      innodb_stats_on_metadata=0
      innodb_file_per_table=1
      innodb_checksum_algorithm=0
      back_log=80
      flush_time=0
      join_buffer_size=128M
      max_allowed_packet=1024M
      max_connect_errors=2000
      open_files_limit=4161
      query_cache_type=0
      sort_buffer_size=32M
      table_definition_cache=1400
      binlog_row_event_max_size=8K
      sync_master_info=10000
      sync_relay_log=10000
      sync_relay_log_info=10000
      #批量插入数据缓存大小，可以有效提高插入效率，默认为8M
      bulk_insert_buffer_size = 64M
      interactive_timeout = 120
      wait_timeout = 120
      log-bin-trust-function-creators=1
      sql_mode=NO_ENGINE_SUBSTITUTION,STRICT_TRANS_TABLES

      #
      # include all files from the config directory
      #
      !includedir /etc/my.cnf.d

      保存退出

启动mysql

      /etc/init.d/mysqld start

      新版本的安装包会报错，错误内容如下：

      Starting MySQL.Logging to '/data/mysql/SZY.err'.
      2018-07-02T10:09:03.779928Z mysqld_safe The file /usr/local/mysql/bin/mysqld
      does not exist or is not executable. Please cd to the mysql installation
      directory and restart this script from there as follows:
      ./bin/mysqld_safe&
      See http://dev.mysql.com/doc/mysql/en/mysqld-safe.html for more information
      ERROR! The server quit without updating PID file (/software/mysql/mysqld.pid).

      因为新版本的mysql安全启动安装包只认/usr/local/mysql这个路径。

      解决办法：

      方法1、建立软连接

      例 #cd /usr/local/mysql

      #ln -s /sofware/mysql/bin/myslqd mysqld

      方法2、修改mysqld_safe文件（有强迫症的同学建议这种，我用的这种）

      # vim /software/mysql/bin/mysqld_safe

      将所有的/usr/local/mysql改为/software/mysql

      保存退出。（可以将这个文件拷出来再修改然后替换）

登录mysql

/software/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -p7kAkookkoS*r

修改mysql的登录密码

      >mysql   set password=password('root');

      >mysql  grant all privileges on *.* to root@'%' identified by 'root';

      >mysql flush privileges;

最后登录

/software/mysql/bin/mysql -u root -proot

2:安装Nginx

安装依赖

//一条命令安装四个依赖
yum -y install gcc zlib zlib-devel pcre-devel openssl openssl-devel

下载nginx的tar包

//创建一个文件夹
cd /usr/local
mkdir nginx
cd nginx
//下载tar包
wget http://nginx.org/download/nginx-1.13.7.tar.gz
tar -xvf nginx-1.13.7.tar.gz

安装nginx

//进入nginx目录
cd /usr/local/nginx
//执行命令
./configure

//执行make命令
make
//执行make install命令
make install

Nginx虚拟域名配置及测试验证

//编辑nginx.conf
sudo vim /usr/local/nginx/conf/nginx.conf
//增加行  注意分号
include vhost/*.conf;
//保存退出

//在/usr/local/nginx/conf目录新建vhost文件夹
mkdir vhost
//创建每个域名的配置
sudo vim jijl.conf
//节点中增加入响应的配置 端口转发  或者访问文件系统

我的配置 jijl.conf（供参考）

server {
    listen       80;
    server_name  myweb.jijl.cn;

    access_log  logs/host.access.log;

    location / {
        proxy_pass http://localhost:9002;
        proxy_cookie_path /home/mywebproject/project / ;
        proxy_set_header Host $http_host;
        proxy_set_header Cookie $http_cookie;
        proxy_set_header X-Real-IP $remote_addr;
        proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-For $proxy_add_x_forwarded_for;
        index index.html;

    }
    location /uploads {
        alias /home/mywebproject/project/uploads/;
    }

    location ~* \.(jpg|jpeg|png|gif|ico|css|js|txt|html)$ {
            root /home/mywebproject/project/back;
            if (!-f $request_filename){
               rewrite ^/(.*) /$1 break;
               proxy_pass http://localhost:9002;
               expires off;
            }
            expires 1M;
    }
    error_page   500 502 503 504  /50x.html;
    location = /50x.html {
        root   html;
    }
}

Nginx启动

//进入nginx安装目录
cd sbin
sudo ./nginx

访问

Nginx常用命令

//测试配置文件
安装路径下的/nginx/sbin/nginx -t
//启动命令
安装路径下的/nginx/sbin/nginx
//停止命令
安装路径下的/nginx/sbin/nginx -s stop
或者 : nginx -s quit
//重启命令
安装路径下的/nginx/sbin/nginx -s reload
//查看进程命令
ps -ef | grep nginx
//平滑重启
kill -HUP Nginx主进程号

2:安装Redis

下载redis

wget http://download.redis.io/releases/redis-4.0.8.tar.gz
tar xzvf redis-4.0.8.tar.gz

安装

cd redis-4.0.8
make
cd src
make install PREFIX=/usr/local/redis

移动配置文件到安装目录下

cd ../
mkdir /usr/local/redis/etc
mv redis.conf /usr/local/redis/etc

配置redis为后台启动

vim /usr/local/redis/etc/redis.conf //将daemonize no 改成daemonize yes

将redis加入到开机启动

vi /etc/rc.local //在里面添加内容：/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server /usr/local/redis/etc/redis.conf (意思就开机调用这段开启redis的命令

开启redis

　/usr/local/redis/bin/redis-server /usr/local/redis/etc/redis.conf 

进入redis安装目录src 目录测试

 ./redis-cli