入门一般从防守做起相对比较容易。只要掌握一定的方法，就能有一定的防守效率。然后能发力和清球，后卫就有点模样了。
但是后卫的提高也需要很多时间和经验，好的后卫防守有很多策略，变化，需要动脑。
下面是一篇文章摘抄，讲区域防守的，一起欣赏。
http://sgonzalmedia.com/websites/foosball/defense/zonedefense.html
Zone defense
Zone Defense An essential defensive formation
A zone defense is where the front two rods (5-man and 3-man) cover one portion of the goalie hole while the back two rods (the two goalie rods) cover the other portion of the goalie hole. The whole idea for the zone defense is to cover the lanes for scoring by the opposing goalie as he attempts to shoot and score from the back. Though like any other of defensive formation, the zone defensive strategy does not guarantee a hundred percent scoring prevention. It does, however, well enough to justify its usage.
What I call "zone coverage" or a "zone defense" is basically taking the task of covering the goal area or more importantly, the "shooting lanes" and divide it up into two parts. One part I call 'long" and the other is call "short". Either the long or the short can be covered by either the front two rods (front) or the back two rods (back/goalie). Who ever covers what, once you have been assigned to cover that zone, you must stay committed to covering that zone. Each player depends on the other to cover his or hers zone. In fact, each player must stayed committed and executed his or hers task properly in order for a zone defense to work effectively. Though, this defensive concept is especially designed to guard against a goalie offensive attack, it can also be used to guard against scoring attempts from the 5-man position.
The Goalie Defensive Zone Formation
As I mentioned before, the goalie pairs up two men (one from each rod) to form what I refer to as a basic defensive formation. Throughout the duration of the game, this dual will acts as one in a joint effort towards protecting the goal. No matter whether the goalie has been assigned to cover short, middle, or long, these two men stay together and act as one to cover that assigned zone.
In a goalie zone defense, two men should always be paired up to act as one.
The forward defender task is a little bit more complex than that of the goalie. With the goalie, it easy to pair up a couple of men because there are fewer of them. It is quick and simple to pair up men to cover a zone because there is also less area to cover. But for the forward defender, it not so easy to determine which men to use and where to place them, let alone deciding which zone to apply them to. Like the goalie, the forward defender also has to use the men on both rods to act as one when it comes to defending against a goalie shot attempt from the opposing goalie.
Forward Defensive Zone Formation
The task of executing a forward zone coverage properly is not as easy as it may seem. This is especially true for a beginner or an inexperience player. There is a lot of playing surface to defend and for someone who does not know what they are doing, the task of stopping the opposing goalie from scoring might be very intimidating. The initial approach for an inexperience forward defender to do will usually be to cover the area or zone directly in front of the ball. And there is nothing wrong with this approach, as long as the goalie has the long because an experience goalie shooter will shoot around the defense in front of the ball.
When covering the zone in front of the ball (this usually being the short zone) with the forward rods, the defending forward player should place either a 3-man in front of the ball, or a 5-man in front of the ball, while the goalie covers the other zone. In the following illustration, the forward defender is covering short against a pull shot. In this case, the 3-man is almost directly in front of the ball, while the 5-man is off to the side of the front 3-man. This is a fairly good defensive strategy, but it is not 100% scoring proof. A good goalie pull shot shooter can easily see that there are a few tight open scoring lanes in this defensive scheme. Always remember that no defense is 100%. What you want to do is give off the illusion that nothing is there which is what the more experience players do.
The forward defender is covering the short zone against a pull shot with the 3-man positioned almost directly in front of the ball, while the 5-man covers the lane or area to the side of the front 3-man. The goalie is covering the long zone in this case.
Remember, while executing a forward defensive zone coverage, always pair your men/rods up to work as one. If the forward defender is covering short like in the previous illustration, always have your rods working together to cover the lanes. You can use either the 3-man or the 5-man to cover the area or lane directly in front of the ball, while to the other rod covers the area or lanes off to the side. Most of the time, it does not matter which rod you use. What matters, is that you cover as many shooting lanes as possible using both rods. More importantly, make sure that both rods are not covering the same lane. Otherwise, the shooter will have a better chance to score.
It is a lot easier to determine or to set a short zone coverage at the forward position than it is to set a long zone coverage. The reason being is that the ball is right in front of you. You can easily see where the ball might go, and it is easier to spot the shooting lanes (see previous illustration). So, how does one determine where or how to cover long? After all, the zones are not laid out on the table to tell you where to set your men. And, why or how does one set their men in an area where the ball is not even at? True, usually when covering the long zone with either forward or goalie men, you are covering an area away from where the ball is initially located. Rather, the idea behind this concept is to cover the area or shooting lanes that the opposing goalie might potentially use in order shoot around the defense that is in front of the initial locations of the ball.
In the following illustration, the shooter is attempting to shoot around the short zone defense. The forward defender now has to determine the best place to set his or hers men in order to get the most out of the zone coverage. This is not an easy task to do. For one thing, the forward defender needs to know what the shooting is capable of doing with the ball at that particular location. Then, the forward defender needs to determine the best location to set his or hers men that will work the best defensively. In the following illustration, we see that the forward defender has use his men to their greatest potential. He using two men on the 5-man rod and one man on the 3-man rod to cover as many shooting lanes as possible. We can see that the near second-5-man (1) is covering the near edge of the long zone (first shooting lane), the middle 5-man (2) is covering the far side edge of the long zone (dead-man lane), and the middle 3-man (3) is covering the middle of the long zone.
The goalie is covering short, so the shooter will attempt to shoot long through the forward defense. The forward has to cover the lanes that the shooter might potentially use to shoot around the short zone defense. The forward has to set his men where they might do the most good.
As good as the long zone coverage might seem in the previous illustration, it is also obvious that there are several shooting lanes available for the shooter to try and hit. But as I mentioned before, there is no such thing as a scoring preventative defense. Rather, you want to make it appear that this might be the case. The long zone coverage in the illustration is fairly sound and it should do an adequate job against most players. It would take a well-experience players on a good night to hit the holes that are exposed in the illustration. Remember, you may not have everything covered, but the idea is to make it as difficult as possible for the opposing goalie to score, and zone coverage will help do just that.
As you might imagine, covering the long zone from the forward position is not an easy task. It is not. It takes years of playing, and against good players, to master the skill of long zone coverage at the forward position. You have to recognize goalie shot attempts, you have know where the shooting lanes are, you have to know which defensive set to use against which shot, and know when and where to incorporate your defense on both sides of the table.
Know Thy Partner
A zone defense works better when the individuals playing doubles play together on a regular basis. I believe this is because each player becomes familiar with the other's style and ability, and so a trust or understanding develops within the team.
Determining who will cover which zone depends on a couple of factors.
For example:
Is the defending forward player and the defending goalie most comfortable and suitable with the zone position they have been assigned? Sometimes the goalie will prefer to cover short, while the person playing forward covers long, and sometimes the forward will prefer to cover the middle of the table while the goalie covers the two corners of the goal
Another factors depends the shooting skill level or shot preference of the opposing goalie. If the shooting goalie shoots a tight snappy pull shot with a little bit of an angle, then the forward player might want to cover short or the area directly in front of the ball position.
And, it depends on the skill level of the individuals defending the goal. For instance, there might be a situation where one of the defending players is not as experience as the other. So, the more experience player might cover the zone that the less experience player is less comfortable or suited at covering
One important thing to remember about playing with a zone defense, is that both forward defender and goalie should never cover the same zone at the same time. For instance, if both defending players are covering short, then the shooter might see this and then shoot long. This is especially true if the shooter is a well-experience player. So, it is important to establish early on in the game who covers what, preferably at the beginning of the game. With foosers who play doubles on a regular basis, this may not be necessary due to the fact that knowing who covers what was established a long time ago. However, there might be a situations that develops during a game that will cause the players to re-arrange or change their zone coverage. But, most of the time players who play together for a long period of time, will usually go into a game with a defensive scheme that they are most comfortable with and confident in.
When teams are using zone coverage to protect their goal, this means that one player is covering long and the other is covering short. Short being the corner to middle area of the goal on the either side of table. Long being the middle to the opposite corner of the goal of that of which the goalie is covering. In the following illustration, the goalie is covering short, which in this case is the near corner to middle range of the goal. While the forward defender covers long, which in this case is the mid-range of the goal to the far corner.
yellow represents the short zone which in this case, is being covered by the goalie, while red represents the long zone which is being covered by the forward player
If the shooter has the ball on the other side of the table, then both defenders might position their zone coverage opposite or symmetrical to the position just mentioned. In the following illustration, the shooter is set up to do a push shot at the far side to the defenders. In this case, we see that both defenders have switched their positions with both defenders still staying true to form. The forward defender continues to cover long, while the goalie continues to cover short. The only difference is that they are at opposite side of the table. One of the problem with this defensive approach is that the defense has to switch or move from one side of the table to the other, thus making it easier for the shooter to score.
When the shooter moves the ball to the opposite side of the table to attempt a push shot, so does the defense as well. The forward defender continues to cover long and the goalie continues to cover short.
Sometimes the zone coverage will get crossed up when ever the opposing shooting goalie moves the ball from one side of the table to the other. The shooter may be changing her mind about which shot to execute. Or the shooter may be experience enough to know that when moving the ball from side to side will cause most defending zone coverage to get crossed up.
What do I mean by "crossed up"?
When the shooter is moving the ball back and forth from side to side, then sometimes the defense also has to switch back and forth. Thus this change of events may sometimes cause the defense to get what I refer to as "crossed up". It is at this moment when makeable-shooting lanes become expose and create potential scoring opportunities for the opposing shooting goalie because both goalie and the forward defender are covering the same zone for an instance. Like I mentioned before, a skillful shooting goalie is very aware of this occurrence, and will usually incorporate this aspect into his or hers shooting strategy.
Sill, most well-seasoned and knowledgeable players defending their goal will usually know how to deal with this situation. Some players using a zone defense will usually just shift or slide their zone coverage.For example, if the front defender is covering long and the defending goalie is covering short on the same side of the table that the shooter is shooting from. Then, after the shooter moves the ball to other side of the table, the front defender will change from covering long to cover short by sliding or shifting his defensive formation. The defending goalie will change from covering short to cover long by shifting or sliding his defensive formation.
What is nice about taking this defensive approach is that both the front defender and defending goalie have to move or shift their defensive formation only slightly, almost instinctively, and more importantly, they do it in the same direction. By shifting the defense in the same direction (which direction does not matter), the defending players will eliminate the occurrence of "crossing up" the defense, and thus, minimizing the exposure of makeable-shooting lanes for the shooter. This approach works well when the shooting goalie is moving the ball from side to side very quickly hoping to cross up or to confuse the defense. In fact, there are a number of possible defensive scheme that players might incorporate, and I am sure there are many throughout the world, if not in the US, that I may not even have imagine. It is a matter of whatever works for you.
Different Strokes for Different Folks
There are a number of possible ways to cover the zones. Sure, most seasoned players know about zone coverage, but not everyone or every team takes the same approach at protecting their goal. Some players may look at my zone coverage scheme and say "your zone coverage is lame". Some might even say, "what the heck is zone coverage?" When I play with a stranger, I always ask what zone he or she prefers to cover, or what defensive approach he or she wants me to do before the game is started. In response, it is not uncommon to hear some one say "you cover the middle and I'll cover the corners". Or they might say, "you cover the near corner and I'll cover the far side".
What About Covering the Middle and the Corners?
It does not matter if you are playing front or back, if you are assigned the middle, then stay true-to-form and cover the middle. In the following illustration, we see that the goalie has been assigned to cover the corners, while the forward defender covers the middle. Because the shooter is attempting a pull shot on the near side of the table of the defending goalie, the goalie has positioned his defensive formation at the near corner of the goal.
This is what a corner-middle zone coverage might look like. The goalie is covering the corners, while the forward defender is covering the middle
In the next illustration, we see that the shooter has decided to shift the ball to the other side of the table to attempt a push shot. In response, the defense has adjusted its defensive position to cover the shot. We see that the forward defender stays true and remains in the middle of the table to cover any long shot attempt, while the goalie has shifted his defensive formation to now cover the far corner.
With the shooter attempting a push shot from the far side of the table, the forward defender stays put only flexing his men a little, while the defending goalie relocates his defensive formation to the far corner of the goal.
One of the things I like about the "corner-middle zone coverage" concept is that the forward's movement or shift from one position to another is very minimal. Which also means that there is some sort of defense in the middle of the table should the shooter decide to sneak in a quick shot while moving the ball from one side of the table to the other. Because the forward defender is basically staying in the middle, there is only slight movement or flexing (shifting) of the men. The down side of this concept is the goalie has to shift his defensive formation from one corner of the goal to the other, allowing a slight possibility for the shooter to sneak a quick shot in before the goalie defense can get set in the zone coverage.
As I mentioned before, the roles of who covers what can be reverse. In the previous illustration, I have it where the forward defender is covering the middle, but the roles could switch to where the defending goalie covers the middle and the forward defender covers the corners. It is a matter of preference.
Another type of zone coverage is what I call the "side-to-side" zone coverage. This concept might also be referred to as a "split coverage". The "side-to-side" concept is where one defender covers one side of the table while the other defender covers the other side of the table. While in this zone coverage, neither player moves or deviates from their assigned zone coverage no matter which side of the table the shooter has the ball on. For example, if the goalie is assigned to cover the near corner of the goal or his side of the table, then the forward defender covers the other side of the table or the far side. One might take it one step further and say...If the shooter has the ball on the near side of the table, then the defending goalie is covering the short zone, while the forward defender covers the long zone. And, if the shooter has the ball on the far side of the table, then the forward defender has the short zone, and the defending goalie has the long zone.
The thing I like about this defensive scheme is that there is very little movement by either defending players. At most, there is only minimum flexing (shifting) of the men whether the shooter is moving the ball or not. Thus, this defensive concept cuts down the chances of a quick-transitional sneak shot by the shooter.
Lots of Good Reasons to Use a Zone Defense
In summary, a zone defense when used properly, in my opinion, is extremely effective when defending against goalie shots. It does not matter whether you are playing singles or doubles. It can also be effective against scoring attempts done by the opposing 5-man.
In all my years of playing, I have noticed that almost all foosers use some form of zone coverage in their defensive game. Some players use the same techniques I use and some do not. Some players use several types of zone coverage, while others will usually stay with what works for them. I suggest trying different kinds of defensive scheme. Try using the "corners-middle" or the "split" coverage. Or perhaps you have invented a very effective defense scheme that you might share with the rest of us. The main things is that you find an effective defense scheme that fits your style of playing.
When playing doubles with a stranger for the first time, remember to establish whether or not to use zone coverage, and if so, then establish who gets what zone. This will greatly reduce giving up points because of a foolish mistake.
Zone coverage is fairly easy, but at first, some aspects of it like covering long with the forward men may become difficult to get the feel of. Lots of playing time and experience will help to expedite the understanding of how to execute proper zone coverage at the forward position. If you play doubles with a regular partner, then as a team, master the art of using a zone defense. Each player depends on the other to do his or hers duty. Zone coverage typically requires both players to be discipline and committed to their assigned zone. Players who know how to use a zone defense well, minimize crossing up their defense. Thus reducing the number of shots being scored on them. The better you get at zone coverage, the more you will improve your defensive game.
防守snake
Stick to the 1-3-5 holes
https://sites.google.com/site/durangofoosballclub/s-m-1/10-ways-to-block-the-snake