Introduction to Stocks
stocks & shares
Companies issue stocks to investors to raise money.
PS: 公司向投资者发行股票以筹集资金
issue重要议题; 争论的问题; 问题，担忧; 一期; 期号; 宣布; 公布; 发出; 发给，供给; 将…诉诸法律
stocks现货，存货，库存; 储备物; 备用物; 供应物; 股本; 资本; 存货; 贮备，贮存; stock的第三人称单数和复数
investors投资者; 投资机构; investor的复数
raise提升; 举起; 提起; 直立，站立; 增加，提高; 高地; 上升; 加薪
The price of stocks can rise and fall depending on a company's performance or the economy。
If someone owns stock in a company, they are a shareholder, and own a part of the company.
PS: shareholder股东
Major shareholders may be able to vote in corporate decisions, such as large operational changes.
PS: 大股东可以在公司决策中投票，比如重大的经营变化
vote in投票选出; 投票使当选
corporate公司的; 组成公司的; 法人的; 社团的; 全体的; 共同的
decisions决定，抉择; 决断; 果断; 作决定; 决策; decision的复数
such as例如; 像; 象…这样; 诸如…之类
operational操作的; 运转的; 运营的; 业务的; 可使用; 军事行动的
Last month，the company‘s stock dropped to two dollars a share.
The company's shares are soaring today after beating analysts' profit expectations.
PS: 在超出分析师的利润预期后，公司股价今天飙升
soaring急升; 猛增; 升空; 升腾; 高飞; 翱翔; soar的现在分词
beating狠打; 揍; 笞打; 惨败; 严重受挫; 有规律的敲打; 有节奏的运动; 赢，打败; 控制; 难倒; beat的现在分词
analysts分析者; 化验员; analyst的复数
expectations预料; 预期; 期待; 希望; 盼望; 期望; 指望; expectation的复数
After Facebook revealed its second quarter revenues were lower than earlier forecasts， its stock sank by 20%.
PS: Facebook公布第二季度营收低于此前预期后，其股价下跌了20%。
revealed揭示; 显示; 透露; 显出; 露出; 展示; reveal的过去分词和过去式
revenues财政收入; 税收收入; 收益; revenue的复数
werebe 的过去时复数和第二人称单数形式; 有时代替 was，用于条件从句、动词 wish 之后等
lower下面的，下方的; 在底部的; 近底部的; 朝海岸的; 低洼的; 向南的; 把…放低; 使…降下; 减少; 缩小; 降低; 变昏暗; 变恶劣; 变阴沉; 低; 向下; 不高; 在靠近…底部的位置; 向…底部; 低于通常的水平; low的比较级
earlierearly 的比较级; 早些时候; 先前; 之前
forecasts预测; 预报; forecast的第三人称单数和复数
stock现货，存货，库存; 储备物; 备用物; 供应物; 股本; 资本; 存货; 贮备，贮存; 老一套的; 陈腐的; 常备的，通常有的
sank下沉; 下陷; 沉没; 使下沉; 使沉没; 倒下; 坐下; sink的过去式
securities
A security is a financial asset that can be traded by companies and governments.
PS: 证券是公司和政府可以交易的金融资产。
financial财政的; 财务的; 金融的; 有钱的
asset有价值的人; 有用的人; 资产; 财产
traded做买卖; 做生意; 从事贸易; 营业; 营运; 交易，买卖; trade的过去分词和过去
There are two types of securities： equities and debts.
PS: 两种证券：股票和债务
equities 英 [ˈɛkwɪtiz] 美 [ˈɛkwətiz] n. (在优先股之后享受红利的)股票，普通股 equity的复数
An equity security represents ownership by shareholders, like stocks.
PS: 股权证券代表股东的所有权，就像股票一样。
equity security股权证券；权益证券；认股权证；股票；股份
represents代表; 作为…的代言人; 维护…的利益; 等于; 相当于; 意味着; represent的第三人称单数
ownership所有权; 产权; 物主身份
shareholders股东; shareholder的复数
stocks现货，存货，库存; 储备物; 备用物; 供应物; 股本; 资本; 存货; 贮备，贮存
Debts securities include bonds or bank notes.
PS: 债务证券包括债券或银行票据。
bonds纽带; 联系; 关系; 契合; 债券; 公债; 保释金; 使牢固结合; 把…紧紧地连接到; 增强信任关系; 建立互信关系; bond的第三人称单数和复数
bank notes纸币；钞票
A holder of debt securities will be paid interest after a certain period of time.
When the recession hit， those who purchased equity securities suffered the biggest losses.
PS: 当经济衰退来袭时，那些购买股票的人遭受了最大的损失
recession经济衰退; 经济萎缩; 退后; 撤回 英 [rɪˈseʃn] 美 [rɪˈseʃn]
hit击，打; 碰撞; 撞击; 使碰上; 打; 击; 命中; 击中; 很受欢迎的人
purchased买; 购买; 采购; purchase的过去分词和过去式
suffered受苦，受难，受折磨; 遭受; 蒙受; 变差; 变糟; suffer的过去分词和过去式
biggest大大; 给人印象深地; 大的，巨大的; 年龄较大的; 重大的; 严重的; big的最高级
losses丧失; 损失; 丢失; 亏损; 亏蚀; 去世; 逝世; loss的复数
stock exchange
Stocks and securities are traded on a stock exchange.
PS: 股票和证券在证券交易所交易。
Stock exchanges ensure securities are traded in a structured way.
PS: 证券交易所确保证券以结构化的方式进行交易。
ensure保证; 担保; 确保
securities保护措施; 安全工作; 保卫部门; 保安部门; 担保; 保证; security的复数
traded做买卖; 做生意; 从事贸易; 营业; 营运; 交易，买卖; trade的过去分词和过去式
structured使形成体系; 系统安排; 精心组织; structure的过去分词和过去式
Their company has been listed on the New York stock exchange for more than fifty years.
PS: 他们的公司在纽约证券交易所上市已有50多年了。
Baidu trades on the New York stock exchange under the stock name BAIDU.
stockbroker
A stockbroker buys and sells securities for clients.
PS: 股票经纪人为客户买卖证券
stockbroker证券经纪人; 证券经纪商
buys买; 购买; 够支付; 买通; 收买; 贿赂; buy的第三人称单数
sells出让; 转让; 出售; 售卖; 销售得…; 卖出…; 售价是…; sell的第三人称单数
securities保护措施; 安全工作; 保卫部门; 保安部门; 担保; 保证; security的复数
They also need to advise their clients about which securities to buy or sell.
When a client makes a transaction， the stockbroker earns a commission.
PS: 当客户进行交易时，股票经纪人赚取佣金.
client委托人; 当事人; 客户机
makes制造; 做; 组装; 写; 出产; 制订; 铺床; make的第三人称单数
transaction交易，业务，买卖; 办理; 处理 . 英 [trænˈzækʃn] 美 [trænˈzækʃn]
stockbroker证券经纪人; 证券经纪商
earns挣得; 赚得; 挣钱; 生; 获; 应得; 博得; 赢得; earn的第三人称单数
commission委员会; 佣金; 回扣; 手续费; 正式委托; 任命…为军官 . 英 [kəˈmɪʃn] 美 [kəˈmɪʃn]
A good stockbroker will not sell their client a bad investment just to get commission
Stockbrokers typically work for a brokerage firm to handle customer transactions.
PS: brokerage firm英 [ˈbrəʊkərɪdʒ fɜːm] 美 [ˈbroʊkərɪdʒ fɜːrm] 经纪人事务所，经纪行
My broker says that even though the company's share price has been falling, he sees it as a buying opportunity.
He contacted his stockbroker with instructions on what shares he wanted to sell.
brokerage
A brokerage firm is a company that buys and sells stocks.
They act as middlemen between buyers and sellers.
Brokerage companies make commission from clients buying or selling securities.
Full-service brokers provide financial planning and consulting services for their clients.
Discount brokers allow investors to make their own decisions with lower commission fees.
Traditional brokerage firms are being disrupted by the rise of fin-tech start-ups.
PS: 传统的经纪公司正被金融科技初创公司的崛起所打乱。
Leading brokerage firms in the US have warned its investors to avoid healthcare stocks because of their volatility.
PS: 美国主要经纪公司警告投资者，由于医疗类股的波动性，应避免购买这些股票.
Leading最重要的; 一流的; 领先的，最前的; 行距; 带路; 领路; 引领; 相连，相通; 通向; 通往; lead的现在分词
warned提醒注意; 使警惕; 劝告; 警告; 告诫; warn的过去分词和过去式
investors投资者; 投资机构; investor的复数
avoid避免; 防止; 回避; 避开; 躲避; 避免撞到
healthcare医疗保健; 医疗卫生
stocks现货，存货，库存; 储备物; 备用物; 供应物; 股本; 资本; 存货; 贮备，贮存; stock的第三人称单数和复数
because of因为，由于①because of是复合介词，其后可接名词、代词、动名词或由what引导的从句。②because of一般引导状语，不引导表语；但当主语是代词时，because of短语在句中可用作表语。
volatility不稳定性，暂时性; 挥发性 . 英 [ˌvɒləˈtɪlɪti] 美 [ˌvɑləˈtɪləti]
dividend
A dividend is payment a corporation makes to shareholders.
PS: 股息是公司付给股东的报酬。
dividend英 [ˈdɪvɪdend] 美 [ˈdɪvɪdend] n.红利;股息;股利;(足球彩票的)彩金
The more shares of a company you own, the higher your dividend will be.
Dividends can be paid in the form of cash or additional shares.
PS: 股息可以现金或额外股份的形式支付。
form of用……构成
cash现金; 金钱，资金; 兑现支票
additional附加的; 额外的; 外加的
shares共有; 合用; 分配; 分摊; 分享; 共享; 一份; 正常的一份; 可接受的一份;
If you own a large number of shares of a corporation, you dividend will be a high value.
The board of directors proposed giving a dividend of a thirty cents per share.
PS: 董事会提议派发每股30美分的股息。
board of directors董事会; 理事会
proposed提议; 建议; 打算; 希冀; 计划; 求婚; propose的过去分词和过去式
giving给; 交给; 赠送; 赠与; 送给; 提供，供给，供应; give的现在分词
dividend红利; 股息; 股利; 彩金
thirty三十; 三十几; 三十年代
cents分(辅币单位，相当于许多国家主币面值的1%，如美元或欧元的1%); 分币;
We are expecting to receive a substantial dividend on our holding at the end of the year.
PS: 我们预计年底将从持有的股份中获得可观的股息。
substantial英 [səbˈstænʃl] 美 [səbˈstænʃl] adj.大量的;价值巨大的;重大的;大而坚固的;结实的;牢固的n.本质;重要材料
The New York Times Company announced a regular quarterly dividend of $0.04per share on its Class A common stock.
PS: 纽约时报公司宣布，其a级普通股的常规季度股息为每股0.04美元。
New York Times《纽约时报》; 缩写词为NYT
Company公司; 商号; 商行; 剧团; 演出团; 陪伴; 做伴
announced宣布，宣告; 通知; 声称; 宣称; announce的过去分词和过去式
regular规则的; 有规律的; 间隙均匀的; 定时的; 频繁的; 经常做的; 经常做某事的; 常去某地的; 常客; 老主顾; 主力队员; 老主持人; 经常参加某项活动的人; 正规军人; 职业军人
quarterly dividend季度股利
share共有; 合用; 分配; 分摊; 分享; 共享; 一份; 正常的一份; 可接受的一份
common stock普通股