英语学习第5篇_并列句

1 什么是并列句

就是用连词连接两个句子

例句

I love you,you love that dog.(错)
改正1: I loving you, you love that dog (独立主格)
改正2: I love your and you love that dog (并列句)
改正3: Thought I love you,you love that dog.(让步状语从句)

2 常见的并列连词

平行：and, not only…but also…**
逻辑关系词：similarly,equally,likewise,at the same time=in the meanwhile //这些词都有 "同样地"的意思

转折：but，yet，while，whereas
**逻辑关系词：**however,nevertheless,on the contrary ,by contrast,conversely,unexpectedly,unfortunately,\

选择：or ，whether…or…

因果：for，so
逻辑关系词：therefore,thus,consequently,as a result

递进：then (然后，此外)
逻辑关系词：besides,furthermore,moreover ,additionally,subsequently,in addition

3并列句的考点分析

3.1写作

只要写作的上下句之间有逻辑关系就一定要用逻辑关系词(连词、副词、介词和介词短语)

举例

爱情已经不再了，但是他还在留恋过去
翻译：Romance has evaporated,but she still misses the past.
问题：but 前面的有没有逗号？ 答:连词前面有没有逗号都行
但是当使用副词或介词短语时，前面必须用句号，他们只能表达上下句之间的关系
变化：Romance has evaporated.on the contrary she still misses the past.
变化: Romance 

连词与副词、介词、短语的区别

• 连词的前面有无逗号均可
• 使用副词或介词短语时，前面要么用句号，要么用and

3.1.1并列句翻译

1.有朋自远方来，不亦乐乎
翻译：There remain an army of companies coming from afar , and consequently I feel more them delighted.
an army of 许多的，more them 后面加形容词或副词 翻译成 非常地
2.都说我如水百变，可知我清澈不变
翻译：I am claimed changeable like water. By contrast my clarity keeps consistent.
3.你还记得那天吗，我没有通过四级考试，一个人在雨中哭泣，你走过来拍拍我的肩膀，告诉我
翻译：Do you still keep that day in mind? I failed to pass CET4,and as a result,I shed tears in the rain alone. at the same time,you came up to me and subsequently you beat my shoulder and told me " there exists no destination in life"
向某人走来：come up to sb  shed tears ：流泪;

3.2完形填空

只需要读懂逻辑关系词前后两句话的意思就可以了。

3.3 长难句分析

在分析有长难句的时候，只要见到有并列连词的出现，通常都有省略；
分析长难句的第二步就是找连词，但是当连词在连接两个单词的时候这个连词就装作没看见。那如何查找省略的内容呢？

技巧
只要有省略就一定省略在连词后而不是连词前。连词后面有的成分连词前通常都要有。连词前面有而连词后面没有的成分就省略的内容。通常：如果连词后只有一个成分的话，连词前一定能找到他的对应成分；如果连词后有多个成分的话，连词前不一定都能找到他们的对应成分，但至少能找到一个。

长难句1

the data suggest,for example ,that physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated will by their parents ,sought out as friends and pursued romantically.
分析：
主句的谓语动词是suggest，主谓宾结构。宾语是that引导的从句，宾语从句中有and连词，有可能会有省略。那如何查找省略的内容呢？连词后面的成分是pursued romantically，也就是说有一个动词是-ed分词的形式，那前面通常也会有该成分和它对应，找到了sought out，而它又对应treated well，这显然是由and并列的三个成分。那我们再看treated well前面有什么成分，后面被省略了呢？很明显，就是are more likely to be。补充完整就是physically attractive individuals are more likely to be treated well by their parents, are more likely to besought out as friends, and are more likely to be pursued romantically.
//physically attractive individuals颜值高的人
pursue v. 追求
翻译：例如，数据表明，长相较好的人，更容易收到父母的溺爱，能容易交到朋友，更容易被他人追求。

长难句2

There is no agreement whether methodology refers to the concepts peculiar to historical work in general or to the research techniques appropriate to the various branches of historical inquiry .
翻译：
方法论指的是一般的历史研究中所特有的概念还是指的是适合于历史研究各个分支的方法，人们并没有达成一致的观点。

methodology，n. 方法论;refer to 参考、涉及、指的是; branch，n. 分支 v. 分支、出现分歧
peculiar to ：…所特有的、appropriate：适合的
specific 具体的=concrete
specially 特别的
particularly such as

长难句3

Until these issues are resolved,a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected,and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems.
翻译：在这些问题解决之前,a technology of behavior 将遭否决并且和它一起很可能的是，解决我们所遇到的难题的惟一方法也将继续被拒绝.//a technology of behavior因无上下文,先姑且放着.
省略的部分： will continue to be rejected
代词指代的做题方法：就近原则和一致原则（意思上一致）这里的it指代的是a technology of behavior
a technology(名词)+of behavior(定语)+will continue to be rejected+and+with it(介短)+possibly(状语)+the only way(名词)+to solve our problems(定语)+省略成分
句子结构：
主句：a technology of behavior will continue to be rejected
时间状语从句：Until these issues are resolved
and with it possibly the only way to solve our problems 是由with 引导的短语作状语,表示伴随状态.
相似的语句：
3. She came out,with the door shut. 变为并列句：She came out, (and) the door was shut (by her).（注意：被动句中，主语不是the door，而是she，因为主语就是动作的实施方，关门这一动作的实施者是she，不会因为语态的变化，主语也发生变化，宾语仍是the door，

长难句4

Darwin was convinced that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness,but might possibly be injurious to the intellect,and more probably to the moral character.
翻译：达尔文确信（认为，可以翻译成think），失去这些兴趣不仅丧失幸福，而且可能会损害智力，更有可能伤害道德品质。
【分析】Darwin （主语）was convinced （谓语动词）that the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness, but might possibly be injurious to the intellect, and more probably to the moral character.（宾语从句）
在宾语从句中，又有两个并列的从句：
（1）the loss of these tastes was not only a loss of happiness,
（2）but might possibly be injurious to the intellect
（3）and more probably to the moral character.(and+状语+介词+名词)
【注】（2）和（3）并列，然后再跟（1）并列。(3)省略了 be injurious
关于be convinced that…结构中，为何把be + adj. 看作及物动词的问题，这主要从be convinced 的词义跟that 从句的关系考虑的。对此，我作一概括分析：
英语中，be + adj. + that… 结构 可以表达如下几种意义：

1. that从句作“结果状语”：
   He was hard-working that he finally succeeded. 他学习勤奋，最后终于成功了（结果状语）
2. that从句作“原因状语”：
   I am very delighted that you can come. 你能来，我很高兴。（原因状语）
3. that从句作“目的状语”：
   Be careful that you don’t slip on the icy roads. 小心（目的是）不要在结冰的路上>滑倒。（目的状语）
4. that 从句作“宾语”：
   这类形容词，往往带有“认为；相信；确信”等观点类动词的意义，例如网友的句>子。此外，常见的形容词还有：sure, certain, clear等。
   The senator is sure that he will get support from the grass roots.
   这位参议员相信他能得到基层群众的支持。
   I was clear that it should not have been done.
   我确信那件事是不应该做的。
   She was certain that the young man had gone mad.
   她确信那个年轻人已经发疯。

长难句5

As families move away from their stable community,their friends of many years,(and)their extended family relationships,the informal flow of information is cut off,and with it the confidence that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.

翻译
随着家人离开他们的社区，他们多年的朋友，和他们的大家庭关系，这种非正式的信息流就被切断了并且和这些信息流一起当需要的时候我们就会得到这些可靠的信息的自信就消失了。

分析：
v+ed 有两种情况：1.动词的过去式，2动词的过去分词表示被动（非谓语动词）
is cut off 中的is 是起被动的作用，是助动词
As翻译成什么意思，需要根据后面的意思来推测
the informal flow（名词） of information（定语） is cut off（谓语）,and with it （介词短语）the confidence （名词）that information will be available when needed and will be trustworthy and reliable.（同位语）
and后面省略了 is cut off
it 指的是 the informal flow of information
句子结构：
As families move away from their stable community,their friends of many years,（伴随状语，从句）
the informal flow of information is cut off（主语）