SUMO应用工具：SUMO

1、From 30.000 feet（相当于概览，不懂怎么翻译）

SUMO本事就是仿真的程序，它是微观的、空间上的连续、时间离散的交通流仿真。

目的：仿真一个定义好的脚本文件

系统：Linux/windows已经测试了；在命令行下运行；

输入（强制的）：

Ø  道路网络，由netconvert或者netgenerate生成，具体可以查看页面： Building Networks。

Ø  一系列路由，由daurouter、jtrrouter、dfrouter或者activitygen生成，具体可以参考：Definition of Vehicles, Vehicle Types, and Routes。

输入（可选的）：交通灯、变速标志、输出检测器等的附加定义。

输出：有多种生成文件的类型，具体可以参考SUMO-GUI。

编程语言：C++

2、用法描述

2.1参数选项

你可能用到相应的xml验证文件用来设置配置文件： sumoConfiguration.xsd。

2.1.1配置

Option选项	Description描述
-c --configuration-file	Loads the named config on startup 在运行开始前加载配置文件
--save-configuration	Saves current configuration into FILE 保存目前的配置到文件
--save-template	Saves a configuration template (empty) into FILE 保存一个配置模板到文件
--save-schema	Saves the configuration schema into FILE 保存配置验证到文件
--save-commented	Adds comments to saved template, configuration, or schema; default: false 增加评论到模板、配置文件或者验证文件。

2.1.2输入

Option	Description
-n --net-file	Load road network description from FILE 从文件中加载道路路网描述
-r --route-files	Load routes descriptions from FILE(s) 从文件中加载路由描述
-a --additional-files	Load further descriptions from FILE(s) 从问价中加载更多的描述
-w --weight-files	Load edge/lane weights for online rerouting from FILE 从文件中加载用于在线重路由的道路或者车道的权重
-x --weight-attribute	Name of the xml attribute which gives the edge weight;default: traveltime
--load-state	Loads a network state from FILE 从问价中加载网络状态
--load-state.offset	Shifts all times loaded from a saved state by the given offset; default: 0

2.1.3输出

Option	Description
--output-prefix	Prefix which is applied to all output files. The special string 'TIME' is replaced by the current time. 应用于所有输出文件的前缀。特殊的符号“TIME”被当前的时间所代替。
--netstate-dump	Save complete network states into FILE 保存完整的网络状态到文件。
--netstate-dump.empty-edges	Write also empty edges completely when dumping;default: false 当输出时，也写入空的道路（默认为false）
--netstate-dump.precision	Write positions and speeds with the given precision (default 2); default: 2 使用给定的精度写入位置和速度（默认为2）
--emission-output	Save the emission values of each vehicle 保存每辆车的排放值。
--emission-output.precision	Write emission values with the given precision (default 2); default: 2 使用给定的精度写入排放值（默认为2）
--battery-output	Save the battery values of each vehicle 保存每辆车的电量值。
--battery-output.precision	Write battery values with the given precision (default 2); default: 2 使用给定的精度写入电池电量
--fcd-output	Save the Floating Car Data 保存浮动车数据
--fcd-output.geo	Save the Floating Car Data using geo-coordinates (lon/lat); default: false 使用地理坐标保存浮动车数据
--fcd-output.signals	Add the vehicle signal state to the FCD output (brake lights etc.); default: false 增加车辆的信号状态到FCD输出文件（刹车信号灯）默认为false
--full-output	Save a lot of information for each timestep (very redundant) 保存每一个时间步长的信息（冗余信息）
--queue-output	Save the vehicle queues at the junctions (experimental) 保存在节点的车辆队列（实验性质的）
--vtk-output	Save complete vehicle positions inclusive speed values in the VTK Format (usage: /path/out will produce /path/out_$TIMESTEP$.vtp files) 保存完整的车辆位置，包括速度值。使用VTK格式。
--amitran-output	Save the vehicle trajectories in the Amitran format 使用Amitran格式保存车辆的轨迹信息
--summary-output	Save aggregated vehicle departure info into FILE 将汇总的车辆进入【翻译不准确，待实验】信息保存到文件中
--tripinfo-output	Save single vehicle trip info into FILE 保存单辆车的轨迹信息
--tripinfo-output.write-unfinished	Write tripinfo output for vehicles which have not arrived at simulation end; default: false 当车辆没有仿真结束时，写入车辆的轨迹信息。
--vehroute-output	Save single vehicle route info into FILE 保存单辆车的路由信息到文件。
--vehroute-output.exit-times	Write the exit times for all edges; default: false 写入所有道路的推出时间，默认为false
--vehroute-output.last-route	Write the last route only; default: false 写入最后一个路由。默认为false
--vehroute-output.sorted	Sorts the output by departure time; default: false 按照离开时间排序。默认为false
--vehroute-output.dua	Write the output in the duarouter alternatives style;default: false 使用duarouter格式输出
--vehroute-output.intended-depart	Write the output with the intended instead of the real departure time; default: false 输出预期的离开时间而不是真实的时间。
--vehroute-output.route-length	Include total route length in the output; default: false 在输出文件中包含了全部的路由长度
--vehroute-output.write-unfinished	Write vehroute output for vehicles which have not arrived at simulation end; default: false 输出在仿真结束仍没到达的车辆。默认为false
--link-output	Save links states into FILE 保存连接状态到文件
--bt-output	Save bluetooth visibilities into FILE (in conjunction with device.btreceiver and device.btsender) 保存蓝牙可见的到文件（结合device.btreceiver和device.btsender）
--lanechange-output	Record lane changes and their motivations for all vehicles into FILE 记录所有车辆的车道变化和他们的运动到文件
--save-state.times {{DT_INT[]}}	Use INT[] as times at which a network state written 网络状态被写入，使用INT[]作为时间
--save-state.period	save state repeatedly after TIME period; default: -1 反复保存时间周期的状态
--save-state.prefix	Prefix for network states; default: state 网络状态的前缀
--save-state.suffix	Suffix for network states (.sbx or .xml); default: .sbx 网络状态的后缀
--save-state.files	Files for network states 网络状态的文件

 

2.1.4时间

Option	Description
-b --begin	Defines the begin time in seconds; The simulation starts at this time; default: 0 设置启动时间，秒为单位。默认为0
-e --end	Defines the end time in seconds; The simulation ends at this time; default: -1 设置结束时间，秒为单位。默认为0.
--step-length	Defines the step duration in seconds; default: 1 定义步骤时间，秒为单位。默认为1.

 

2.1.5处理

Option	Description
--step-method.ballistic	Whether to use ballistic method for the positional update of vehicles (default is a semi-implicit Euler method).; default: false 是否使用弹道方法应用于车辆位置的更新（默认是semi-implicit Euler方法），默认为false
--lateral-resolution	Defines the resolution in m when handling lateral positioning within a lane (with -1 all vehicles drive at the center of their lane; default: -1、 在处理一个车道内的横向定位时定义m的分辨率，当是-1时，所有车辆均在车道的正中间行驶。
-s --route-steps	Load routes for the next number of seconds ahead;default: 200 加载未来几秒的时间的路由，默认为200
--no-internal-links	Disable (junction) internal links; default: false 节点内部车道被禁用。默认为false
--ignore-junction-blocker	Ignore vehicles which block the junction after they have been standing for SECONDS (-1 means never ignore);default: -1 在他们占用了几秒的时间后，忽视在节点拥堵的车辆。默认为-1，即从来不忽略。
--ignore-route-errors	Do not check whether routes are connected; default:false 不检查是否路由是连接的。默认false
--ignore-accidents	Do not check whether accidents occur; default: false 不检查是否事故发生，默认为false
--collision.action	How to deal with collisions:[none,warn,teleport,remove]; default: teleport 如何解决碰撞[none，warn，teleport，remove]
--collision.check-junctions	Enables collisions checks on junctions; default: false 在节点处的碰撞检查。
--max-num-vehicles	Delay vehicle insertion to stay within the given maximum number; default: -1 延迟车辆的进入，给定最大值。默认为-1
--scale	Scale demand by the given factor (by discarding or duplicating vehicles); default: 1 通过给定因素确定的规模需求。
--time-to-teleport	Specify how long a vehicle may wait until being teleported, defaults to 300, non-positive values disable teleporting; default: 300 知道车辆被传送需要等待的时间，设置为负值的话，那么不能被传送。默认为300
--time-to-teleport.highways	The waiting time after which vehicles on a fast road (speed > 69m/s) are teleported if they are on a non-continuing lane; default: 0 如果车辆在一个不连续的车道，车辆在快速道路（速度大于69m/s）的等待时间。默认值为0
--waiting-time-memory	Length of time interval, over which accumulated waiting time is taken into account; default: 100
--max-depart-delay	How long vehicles wait for departure before being skipped, defaults to -1 which means vehicles are never skipped; default: -1
--sloppy-insert	Whether insertion on an edge shall not be repeated in same step once failed; default: false
--eager-insert	Whether each vehicle is checked separately for insertion on an edge; default: false
--random-depart-offset	Each vehicle receives a random offset to its depart value drawn uniformly from [0, TIME]; default: 0
--lanechange.duration	Duration of a lane change maneuver (default 0);default: 0
--lanechange.overtake-right	Whether overtaking on the right on motorways is permitted; default: false
--tls.all-off	Switches off all traffic lights.; default: false
--pedestrian.model	Select among pedestrian models ['nonInteracting', 'striping']; default: striping 选择行人的模型[“无相互作用的”,”条纹”]，默认为条纹
--pedestrian.striping.stripe-width	Width of parallel stripes for segmenting a sidewalk (meters) for use with model 'striping'; default: 0.65 隔离开来用于人行道的宽度，默认值为0.65米
--pedestrian.striping.dawdling	factor for random slow-downs [0,1] for use with model 'striping'; default: 0.2
--pedestrian.striping.jamtime	Time in seconds after which pedestrians start squeezing through a jam when using model 'striping' (non-positive values disable squeezing); default: 300

 

2.1.6路由

Option	Description
--routing-algorithm	Select among routing algorithms ['dijkstra', 'astar', 'CH', 'CHWrapper']; default: dijkstra 选取路由算法[“迪杰斯特拉”,”astar”,”CH”,”CHWrapper”]，默认为迪杰斯特拉
--weights.random-factor	Edge weights for routing are dynamically disturbed by a random factor drawn uniformly from [1,FLOAT);default: 1
--device.rerouting.probability	The probability for a vehicle to have a 'rerouting' device; default: 0
--device.rerouting.explicit	Assign a 'rerouting' device to named vehicles
--device.rerouting.deterministic	The 'rerouting' devices are set deterministic using a fraction of 1000; default: false
--device.rerouting.period	The period with which the vehicle shall be rerouted;default: 0
--device.rerouting.pre-period	The rerouting period before depart; default: 1
--device.rerouting.adaptation-weight	The weight of prior edge weights for exponential moving average; default: 0.5
--device.rerouting.adaptation-steps	The number of steps for moving average weight of prior edge weights; default: 0
--device.rerouting.adaptation-interval	The interval for updating the edge weights; default: 1
--device.rerouting.with-taz	Use zones (districts) as routing start- and endpoints;default: false
--device.rerouting.init-with-loaded-weights	Use weight files given with option --weight-files for initializing edge weights; default: false
--device.rerouting.shortest-path-file	Initialize lookup table for astar from the given distance matrix
--device.rerouting.threads	The number of parallel execution threads used for rerouting; default: 0
--device.rerouting.output	Save adapting weights to FILE

 

2.1.7报告

Option	Description
-v --verbose	Switches to verbose output; default: false 是否使用冗余的输出，默认为false
--print-options	Prints option values before processing; default: false 在处理前先打印出选项参数
-? --help	Prints this screen; default: false
-V --version	Prints the current version; default: false
-X --xml-validation	Set schema validation scheme of XML inputs ("never", "auto" or "always"); default: auto
--xml-validation.net	Set schema validation scheme of SUMO network inputs ("never", "auto" or "always"); default: never
-W --no-warnings	Disables output of warnings; default: false
-l --log	Writes all messages to FILE (implies verbose)
--message-log	Writes all non-error messages to FILE (implies verbose)
--error-log	Writes all warnings and errors to FILE
--duration-log.disable	Disable performance reports for individual simulation steps; default: false
--duration-log.statistics	Enable statistics on vehicle trips; default: false
--no-step-log	Disable console output of current simulation step;default: false

 

2..1.8排放量

Option	Description
--phemlight-path	Determines where to load PHEMlight definitions from.;default: ./PHEMlight/
--device.emissions.probability	The probability for a vehicle to have a 'emissions' device; default: 0
--device.emissions.explicit	Assign a 'emissions' device to named vehicles
--device.emissions.deterministic	The 'emissions' devices are set deterministic using a fraction of 1000; default: false

 

2.1.9通信

Option	Description
--device.btreceiver.probability	The probability for a vehicle to have a 'btreceiver' device; default: 0 车辆拥有蓝牙接收器btreceiver的可能性。
--device.btreceiver.explicit	Assign a 'btreceiver' device to named vehicles
--device.btreceiver.deterministic	The 'btreceiver' devices are set deterministic using a fraction of 1000; default: false
--device.btreceiver.range	The range of the bt receiver; default: 300
--device.btreceiver.all-recognitions	Whether all recognition point shall be written; default:false
--device.btreceiver.offtime	The offtime used for calculating detection probability (in seconds); default: 0.64
--device.btsender.probability	The probability for a vehicle to have a 'btsender' device;default: 0 车辆拥有一个蓝牙发送器的可能性。
--device.btsender.explicit	Assign a 'btsender' device to named vehicles
--device.btsender.deterministic	The 'btsender' devices are set deterministic using a fraction of 1000; default: false

 

2.1.10电池

Option	Description
--device.battery.probability	The probability for a vehicle to have a 'battery' device;default: 0 车辆拥有一个电池的可能性，默认为
--device.battery.explicit	Assign a 'battery' device to named vehicles
--device.battery.deterministic	The 'battery' devices are set deterministic using a fraction of 1000; default: false

 

2.1.11示例装置

Option	Description
--device.example.probability	The probability for a vehicle to have a 'example' device;default: 0
--device.example.explicit	Assign a 'example' device to named vehicles
--device.example.deterministic	The 'example' devices are set deterministic using a fraction of 1000; default: false
--device.example.parameter	An exemplary parameter which can be used by all instances of the example device; default: 0

 

2.1.12Traci服务器

Option	Description
--remote-port	Enables TraCI Server if set; default: 0

 

2.1.13Mesoscopic

Option	Description
--mesosim	Enables mesoscopic simulation; default: false
--meso-edgelength	Length of an edge segment in mesoscopic simulation;default: 98
--meso-tauff	Factor for calculating the net free-free headway time;default: 1.13
--meso-taufj	Factor for calculating the net free-jam headway time;default: 1.13
--meso-taujf	Factor for calculating the jam-free headway time;default: 2
--meso-taujj	Factor for calculating the jam-jam headway time;default: 1.4
--meso-jam-threshold	Minimum percentage of occupied space to consider a segment jammed. A negative argument causes thresholds to be computed based on edge speed and tauff (default); default: -1
--meso-multi-queue	Enable multiple queues at edge ends; default: true
--meso-junction-control	Enable mesoscopic traffic light and priority junction handling; default: false
--meso-junction-control.limited	Enable mesoscopic traffic light and priority junction handling for saturated links. This prevents faulty traffic lights from hindering flow in low-traffic situations;default: false
--meso-tls-penalty	Apply scaled time penalties when driving across tls controlled junctions based on green split instead of checking actual phases; default: 0
--meso-overtaking	Enable mesoscopic overtaking; default: false
--meso-recheck	Time interval for rechecking insertion into the next segment after failure; default: 0

 

2.1.14随机数

Option	Description
--random	Initialises the random number generator with the current system time; default: false
--seed	Initialises the random number generator with the given value; default: 23423

 
2.1.15只针对GUI

Option	Description
--gui-settings-file	Load visualisation settings from FILE
-Q --quit-on-end	Quits the GUI when the simulation stops; default: false
-G --game	Start the GUI in gaming mode; default: false
-S --start	Start the simulation after loading; default: false
-D --demo	Restart the simulation after ending (demo mode);default: false
-T --disable-textures	Do not load background pictures; default: false
--window-size	Create initial window with the given x,y size

 

3、输入文件的加载顺序

每当一个仿真对象A需要用到对象B，那么B必须在A以前定义。在不同文件文件中更早加载或者在同一文件的更靠前的位置。

有关文件加载的选项是至关重要的，--route-files 和—additional-files。有关--route-files的特点是增量的加载以节省内存，但是—additional-files是在仿真前全部加载的。很多对象需要在仿真的时候先输出来或者在加载一些东西的时候route文件需要，因此需要讲additional文件全部加载。注意，所有写入route文件的内容也能写到additional问价中。当多个文件给出的时候，从左到右依次加载。

4、additional文件的格式

additional文件中的条目可能包含了多种多样的标签，比如 trafficlight programs, detectordefinitions, variablespeed signs 和 busstops。并且，在route文件中定义的任何标签，都可以在additional文件中定义。

在additional文件中需要一个任意命名的根标签（一般是默认的additional）。例如下面的代码定义的：

5、车辆的导入

车辆在他们出发的时间点插入到仿真程序中（或者使用选项—random-depart-offset进行微量的延迟）。如果目前的道路上放不开这个车辆，那么它会被加入到插入队列中，一直重复尝试插入。如果使用选项—max-depart-delay被使用，那么车辆在相应的时间段内被遗弃。

这里有两种方法插入车辆：

1、试着在每个仿真步长上插入车辆

2、针对每条道路进行插入，尝试在一辆车插入后进行插入

在不拥挤的道路上这两种方法是类似的，但是在拥挤的道路上，方法2明显更快一些。在老版本的sumo中可以通过选项—sloppy-insert来将默认的方法1转换为方法2。自从版本0.18.0开始，方法2成为默认的，并且可以通过选项—eager-insert进行转换。

6、小标题

Using additional Polygons and POIs withinthe Simulation：阅读连接