克里希那穆提《生命书》新译(10月25日):彻底的空灵

为了实现意识的彻底转化,你必须放下内心的分析与探索,排除任何外在影响力,当然这是极其困难的。

如果看清了自心的虚妄,就会把虚妄彻底放下,虽然此时并不知道何谓真实,这是去妄(negation)。反过来,如果你先认定何谓真实,那么你就会抛弃你所认定的虚妄,去追逐你想象中的真实,这是求真(pursuit)。如果你知道将获得什么酬报,那么你的行动中就没有脱俗;未计得失,却能毅然放下,只有这样才是真正的超然。

那种全然放下(negation)的空灵状态,是绝对必需的。请用心领会这句话,如果你已经跋涉了这么久,你会明白:在全然放下虚妄的境界中,你才能发现何谓真,因为去妄(negation)就是把已知从意识中清空。归根结底,意识是建立在知识、经验、种族传承、记忆及履历之上的。所以,经验的本质就是过去,运转于当下,经过当下的修订再延续到未来,所有这些,构成了我们的意识,这是千百年来人类巨大的精神仓库。只在机械刻板的生活中,这间仓库才有用。

我并不是说要抹煞长久以来人类取得的全部科学知识,那种想法是荒唐的。但要想实现意识的转化,实现意识结构的整体变革,则必须彻底清空心灵。而唯有发现并真正看清内心的谬误,才能将心灵清空。你已经跋涉了漫漫长路,你会发现,内心的空灵,可以带来意识的彻底变革;在空灵产生的同时,变革已经发生了。

——克里希那穆提《生命书:365静心日课》(The Book of Life: Daily Meditations with Krishnamurti)

译按:此篇难解,也难译。以上只是我个人的解法、译法,肯定有偏颇与谬误。

本篇的核心词汇是negation,这是个很浅显的词,但“否定、消极”等义项似难以准确还原克的语境,反而易生歧义。故放弃现成措辞,绕开常解,设法在中文语境里找到最接近的一个契合点,个人以为,放下、排谬、去妄、遣非、遮诠等措辞就较为契合一些。

译文中带下划线的“这是去妄(negation)”和“这是求真(pursuit)”是我塞入的私货,原文中并没有,但在其他演讲中有阐述。

何谓去妄、放下?时时省察内心,看清自己所思、所感、所言、所为深层的隐秘动机,比如嫉妒、仇恨、恐惧、愤怒,这些都是自心的虚妄。以恐惧为例,各种自我保护、攻击他人的言行,其实深层的心理动机是恐惧。全然地觉察内心的恐惧,不做任何的自责、逃避、掩盖、压抑、辩白……此时那些隐秘的恐惧被看见了,反而松动了,释放了。当内心的虚妄不断排除,剩下的就是你的清朗澄澈之心。这就是negation,排谬、去妄、遣非、放下。

何谓求真?当你发觉了内心的恐惧,立即树立勇敢的人格理想,孜孜以求,这是最常见的对治法。但,潜意识的狡黠在于:一旦你设立了理想,就会启动一切心理机制,制造各种勇敢的幻象,以迎合自心,自我陶醉,其实内心深处的恐惧一直都在,只是在你对勇敢的追逐中被逃避、掩盖甚至抑制了,此时内心深处恐惧与勇敢二种力量的对抗分裂反而更严重。心灵鸡汤如此,宗教、社会、政治组织的各种壮举,往往如此。

以上是对译文第二自然段所做的一点补充说明。

克氏的演讲微言大义,这种节选的语录更加高度浓缩,的确难解。

Complete Emptiness

For the complete mutation in consciousness to take place you must deny analysis and search, and no longer be under any influence—which is immensely difficult.

The mind, seeing what is false, has put the false aside completely, not knowing what is true. If you already know what is true, then you are merely exchanging what you consider is false for what you imagine is true. There is no renunciation if you know what you are going to get in return. There is only renunciation when you drop something not knowing what is going to happen.

That state of negation is completely necessary. Please follow this carefully, because if you have gone so far you will see that in that state of negation you discover what is true; because negation is the emptying of consciousness of the known. After all, consciousness is based on knowledge, on experience, on racial inheritance, on memory, on the things one has experienced. Experiences are always of the past, operating on the present, being modified by the present and continuing into the future. All that is consciousness, the vast storehouse of centuries. It has its usefulness in mechanical living only.

It would be absurd to deny all the scientific knowledge acquired through the long past. But to bring about a mutation in consciousness, a revolution in this whole structure, there must be complete emptiness. And that emptiness is possible only when there is the discovery, the actual seeing of what is false. Then you will see, if you have gone so far, that emptiness itself brings about a complete revolution in consciousness: it has taken place.

OCTOBER 25

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