Soil erosion has become one of global environmental problems, especially in the Loess Plateau. Controlling soil erosion is of great significance to improve the ecosystem, and protect the ecological security and maintain the harmonious relationship between human beings and nature.
土壤侵蚀已经成为全球性环境问题，特别是黄土高原。控制土壤侵蚀对于提高生态系统、保护生态安全、保持人与自然的和谐关系是非常重要的。
We compare the effect of rainfall pattern and land use pattern on soil erosion in different watersheds to improve soil erosion models.
Currently, the effect of rainfall and land use on soil erosion is the hot research topics.
However, most of the studies are aimed at one single study area, and there is less comparative analysis of rainfall and land use pattern on soil erosion in different-scale watersheds. The neglect of comparative analysis of the effect of rainfall pattern and land use pattern on soil erosion would inevitably influence the further study of the mechanism of soil erosion.
And it would affect the simulation accuracy of soil erosion models. The investigation of the effect of land use pattern and rainfall pattern on soil erosion would have great significance to soil erosion research and comprehensive governance of soil erosion problems.
我们比较了不同流域降水模式和土地利用模式的影响提高土壤侵蚀模型。目前，降水和土地利用对于土壤侵蚀的影响是一个热点研究话题。然而，大多数的研究目标在单一研究区域，缺乏不同规模流域降水和土地利用对于土壤侵蚀的比较性研究。忽视降水和土地利用对于土壤侵蚀的比较分析必然影响后期土壤侵蚀机制的研究。并且它将会影响土壤侵蚀模型模拟精度。调查土地利用和降水模型对于土壤侵蚀模型的影响对于土壤侵蚀的研究和土壤侵蚀问题的综合管理及其重要。
With reference to the concept of soil erosion evaluation index, this paper proposed the use of rainfall pattern index and land use pattern index for predicting soil erosion in different watersheds.Otherwise, this paper identified more important factors for soil erosion between rainfall patterns and land use pattern in different-scale watersheds.It has positive significance for carrying out the comprehensive management of soil erosion and land use pattern optimization design. The study areas of this paper are Qingjian River basin, Fenchuan River Basin, Yanhe River Basin and Dali River Basin.
关于土壤侵蚀评估指数的概念，本文提出采用降水模式指数和土地利用指数预测不同流域的土壤侵蚀。除此之外，本文在不同尺度流域的降水和土地利用模式之间识别了对土壤侵蚀更重要的影响因素。实现土壤侵蚀的综合管理和土地利用最优化设计具有积极意义。本文研究区域在Qingjian River basin, Fenchuan River Basin, Yanhe River Basin and Dali River Basin。
The main results are as follows. (1) From 2006 to 2012, the rainfall erosivity factor R in the study area showed an upward trend, while the vegetation cover and management factor C showed a downward trend.
主要研究成果如下(1)自2006到2012年，本文研究区域降水侵蚀因子R呈现出上升的趋势，植被覆盖率因子C呈现下降的趋势。
(2) When watershed area was small, the effect of rainfall pattern was greater than that of land use pattern on soil erosion. In contrast, when watershed area was large, the effect of land use pattern was greater than that of rainfall pattern on soil erosion. In other words, with the increase of the watershed area, the effect of rainfall pattern on soil erosion was gradually reduced while land use pattern indicated a contrasting effect.
在小尺度流域，在土壤侵蚀区降水的影响比土地利用的影响大。相反的，当大尺度流域，土地利用的影响比降水的影响大。换句话说，随着流域面积的增大，降水对土壤侵蚀的影响逐渐减小而土地利用呈现出相反的影响。
(3) With the increase of the watershed area, the proportion of woodland decreased and steep slope vegetation cover types tend to be homogenous, thus increasing the effect of land use pattern on soil erosion in larger-scale watersheds. With the increase of the watershed area, however, loose soil properties and craggy terrain increases the possibility of gravitational erosion, which enhances the effects of soil and topography.
随着流域面积的增加，林地的比例减少和垂直坡度的植被覆盖类型趋向同源性，因此大尺度的流域土地利用对于土壤侵蚀的影响逐渐增加。随着流域面积的增加，然而，松散的土壤性质和崎岖地形增加了重力侵蚀的可能性，提升了土壤和地貌的影响。
参考论文
土壤侵蚀是制约黄土高原可持续发展的瓶颈因素,为分析不同面积流域降雨和土地利用格局对土壤侵蚀影响的变化趋势,本文基于土壤侵蚀评价指数,发展了降雨和土地利用格局对土壤侵蚀影响的表征方法,探讨了多流域降雨和土地利用格局对土壤侵蚀的影响。结果表明：① 2006-2012年,研究区降雨侵蚀力因子R总体上呈现上升的趋势,植被覆盖与管理因子C呈现下降趋势;② 随流域面积的增加,研究区内降雨格局对土壤侵蚀的影响逐渐降低,而土地利用格局对土壤侵蚀的影响变大;③ 在流域面积较小时,降雨格局对土壤侵蚀的影响要大于土地利用格局对土壤侵蚀的影响,而在流域面积较大时,土地利用格局对土壤侵蚀的影响大于降雨格局对土壤侵蚀的影响;④ 随着流域面积的增加,研究区的林地比例有所下降,陡坡植被覆盖类型趋于单一,这是在流域面积增大时土地利用格局对土壤侵蚀影响增加的主要原因。同时,流域面积较小时,降雨对土壤侵蚀的影响较大,但随着流域面积的增加,松软的土壤性质和沟壑纵横的地形增大了发生重力侵蚀的可能性,土壤和地形对土壤侵蚀的影响增大。