android 开发技术多如繁星,完全掌握非一日之功,开发涉及的深度难以想象,越走越难,金字塔顶尖上的人越来越少,今天得demo主要涉及的是自定义组件,很多时候,我们在网上找了太多资料,要么时代久远、要么表达不清、要么知识零碎、要么思路紊乱,随之而来的是不堪重负的挫败感和失落感,导致信心直线下降,而这些,正是我们面临的问题。
android 中组件必须是View的直接子类和间接子类,其中view有一个为viewGroup的子类,用于定义容器组件类,线性布局等,
如果组件中还有子组件就一定是从viewGroup类继承,否则从view类继承。View 类定义了组件相关的通用功能,并打通了组件在 Activity 整个活动周期中的绘制流程和效果等任督二脉,通过 OOP 构建出基本的运行框架,作为开发者,了解并掌握 View 的工作原理是非常必要的。
从图上可知:
1) Activity 类似于一个框架,负责容器生命周期及活动,窗口通过 Window 来管理;
2) Window 负责窗口管理(实际是子类 PhoneWindow),窗口的绘制和渲染交给 DecorView
完成;
3) DecorView 是 View 树的根,开发人员为 Activity 定义的 layout 将成为 DecorView 的子
视图 ContentParent 的子视图(有点拗口,但确实是这样);
4) layout.xml 是开发人员定义的布局文件,最终 inflate 为 DecorView 的子组件。
View 类的 draw()方法是组件绘制的核心方法,主要做了下面几件事:
1) 绘制背景:background.draw(canvas)
2) 绘制自己:onDraw(canvas)
3) 绘制子视图:dispatchDraw(canvas)
4) 绘制滚动条:onDrawScrollBars(canvas)
当系统提供给我们的组件满足不了我们的需求时,为了做出更绚丽的效果,我们自定义view来实现我们的需求.
1)view重写onDraw方法
主要实现一些不规则效果,静态或者动态显示不规则图形,不方便通过布局组合方式实现,需要自己支wrap_content,padding也需要自己处理;
2)继承viewGroup,派生特殊的layout我们实现自定的布局,除了系统提供的三种布局之外,自己定义一个布局,用来显示几种view组合在一起的布局。这个方法略复杂。需要合适处理wrap_content测量,布局两个过程,
3)继承特点的view(textView)扩展已有的功能,不需要自己支持wrap_content和padding;
4)几种view组合在一起,不需要处理viewGroup的测量和布局这两个过程;
1)让view支持wrap_content因为我们在继承view或者viewGroup时,在measure中对wrap_content进行特殊处理,当外部使用wrap_content时候,会达不到我们预期的效果;
2)让view支持padding当我们继承view控件时,应在draw方法中对padding进行处理,如果不做处理padding会失效;继承viewGroup控件时;应该在measure和onlayout中考虑padding和子元素margin带来的影响,不然导致padding和子元素的margin失效;
3)尽量不要再view中使用handler因为view本身带有一系类post方法,可以代替handler作用,除非明确的使用handler发送消息;
4)view带有滑动嵌套时,需要处理好滑动冲突。如果有滑动冲突,会对效果造成影响
5)view有线程和动画需要及时停止;view变得不可见时,需要停止线程和动画,如果处理不及时,会造成内存泄露;
1)绘制样式
public class GestureContentView extends ViewGroup {
private int baseNum = 6;
private int[] screenDispaly;
/**
* 每个点区域的宽度
*/
private int blockWidth;
/**
* 声明一个集合用来封装坐标集合
*/
private List list;
private Context context;
private boolean isVerify;
private GestureDrawline gestureDrawline;
/**
* 包含9个ImageView的容器,初始化
*
* @param context
* @param isVerify 是否为校验手势密码
* @param passWord 用户传入密码
* @param callBack 手势绘制完毕的回调
*/
public GestureContentView(Context context, boolean isVerify, String passWord, GestureDrawline.GestureCallBack callBack) {
super(context);
screenDispaly = AppUtil.getScreenDispaly(context);
blockWidth = screenDispaly[0] / 3;
this.list = new ArrayList();
this.context = context;
this.isVerify = isVerify;
// 添加9个图标
addChild();
// 初始化一个可以画线的view
gestureDrawline = new GestureDrawline(context, list, isVerify, passWord, callBack);
}
private void addChild() {
for (int i = 0; i < 9; i++) {
ImageView image = new ImageView(context);
image.setBackgroundResource(R.drawable.gesture_node_normal);
this.addView(image);
invalidate();
// 第几行
int row = i / 3;
// 第几列
int col = i % 3;
// 定义点的每个属性
int leftX = col * blockWidth + blockWidth / baseNum;
int topY = row * blockWidth + blockWidth / baseNum;
int rightX = col * blockWidth + blockWidth - blockWidth / baseNum;
int bottomY = row * blockWidth + blockWidth - blockWidth / baseNum;
GesturePoint p = new GesturePoint(leftX, rightX, topY, bottomY, image, i + 1);
this.list.add(p);
}
}
public void setParentView(ViewGroup parent) {
// 得到屏幕的宽度
int width = screenDispaly[0];
LayoutParams layoutParams = new LayoutParams(width, width);
this.setLayoutParams(layoutParams);
gestureDrawline.setLayoutParams(layoutParams);
parent.addView(gestureDrawline);
parent.addView(this);
}
@Override
protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int l, int t, int r, int b) {
for (int i = 0; i < getChildCount(); i++) {
//第几行
int row = i / 3;
//第几列
int col = i % 3;
View v = getChildAt(i);
v.layout(col * blockWidth + blockWidth / baseNum, row * blockWidth + blockWidth / baseNum,
col * blockWidth + blockWidth - blockWidth / baseNum, row * blockWidth + blockWidth - blockWidth / baseNum);
}
}
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
super.onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
// 遍历设置每个子view的大小
for (int i = 0; i < getChildCount(); i++) {
View v = getChildAt(i);
v.measure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
}
}
/**
* 保留路径delayTime时间长
*
* @param delayTime
*/
public void clearDrawlineState(long delayTime) {
gestureDrawline.clearDrawlineState(delayTime);
}
}
2)绘制手势滑动
public class GestureDrawline extends View {
private int mov_x;// 声明起点坐标
private int mov_y;
private Paint paint;// 声明画笔
private Canvas canvas;// 画布
private Bitmap bitmap;// 位图
private List list;// 装有各个view坐标的集合
private List> lineList;// 记录画过的线
private Map autoCheckPointMap;// 自动选中的情况点
private boolean isDrawEnable = true; // 是否允许绘制
/**
* 屏幕的宽度和高度
*/
private int[] screenDispaly;
/**
* 手指当前在哪个Point内
*/
private GesturePoint currentPoint;
/**
* 用户绘图的回调
*/
private GestureCallBack callBack;
/**
* 用户当前绘制的图形密码
*/
private StringBuilder passWordSb;
/**
* 是否为校验
*/
private boolean isVerify;
/**
* 用户传入的passWord
*/
private String passWord;
public GestureDrawline(Context context, List list, boolean isVerify,
String passWord, GestureCallBack callBack) {
super(context);
screenDispaly = AppUtil.getScreenDispaly(context);
paint = new Paint(Paint.DITHER_FLAG);// 创建一个画笔
bitmap = Bitmap.createBitmap(screenDispaly[0], screenDispaly[0], Bitmap.Config.ARGB_8888); // 设置位图的宽高
canvas = new Canvas();
canvas.setBitmap(bitmap);
paint.setStyle(Paint.Style.STROKE);// 设置非填充
paint.setStrokeWidth(10);// 笔宽5像素
paint.setColor(Color.rgb(245, 142, 33));// 设置默认连线颜色
paint.setAntiAlias(true);// 不显示锯齿
this.list = list;
this.lineList = new ArrayList>();
initAutoCheckPointMap();
this.callBack = callBack;
// 初始化密码缓存
this.isVerify = isVerify;
this.passWordSb = new StringBuilder();
this.passWord = passWord;
}
private void initAutoCheckPointMap() {
autoCheckPointMap = new HashMap();
autoCheckPointMap.put("1,3", getGesturePointByNum(2));
autoCheckPointMap.put("1,7", getGesturePointByNum(4));
autoCheckPointMap.put("1,9", getGesturePointByNum(5));
autoCheckPointMap.put("2,8", getGesturePointByNum(5));
autoCheckPointMap.put("3,7", getGesturePointByNum(5));
autoCheckPointMap.put("3,9", getGesturePointByNum(6));
autoCheckPointMap.put("4,6", getGesturePointByNum(5));
autoCheckPointMap.put("7,9", getGesturePointByNum(8));
}
private GesturePoint getGesturePointByNum(int num) {
for (GesturePoint point : list) {
if (point.getNum() == num) {
return point;
}
}
return null;
}
// 画位图
@Override
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
// super.onDraw(canvas);
canvas.drawBitmap(bitmap, 0, 0, null);
}
// 触摸事件
@Override
public boolean onTouchEvent(MotionEvent event) {
if (isDrawEnable == false) {
// 当期不允许绘制
return true;
}
paint.setColor(Color.rgb(245, 142, 33));// 设置默认连线颜色
switch (event.getAction()) {
case MotionEvent.ACTION_DOWN:
mov_x = (int) event.getX();
mov_y = (int) event.getY();
// 判断当前点击的位置是处于哪个点之内
currentPoint = getPointAt(mov_x, mov_y);
if (currentPoint != null) {
currentPoint.setPointState(Constants.POINT_STATE_SELECTED);
passWordSb.append(currentPoint.getNum());
}
// canvas.drawPoint(mov_x, mov_y, paint);// 画点
invalidate();
break;
case MotionEvent.ACTION_MOVE:
clearScreenAndDrawList();
// 得到当前移动位置是处于哪个点内
GesturePoint pointAt = getPointAt((int) event.getX(), (int) event.getY());
// 代表当前用户手指处于点与点之前
if (currentPoint == null && pointAt == null) {
return true;
} else {// 代表用户的手指移动到了点上
if (currentPoint == null) {// 先判断当前的point是不是为null
// 如果为空,那么把手指移动到的点赋值给currentPoint
currentPoint = pointAt;
// 把currentPoint这个点设置选中为true;
currentPoint.setPointState(Constants.POINT_STATE_SELECTED);
passWordSb.append(currentPoint.getNum());
}
}
if (pointAt == null || currentPoint.equals(pointAt) || Constants.POINT_STATE_SELECTED == pointAt.getPointState()) {
// 点击移动区域不在圆的区域,或者当前点击的点与当前移动到的点的位置相同,或者当前点击的点处于选中状态
// 那么以当前的点中心为起点,以手指移动位置为终点画线
canvas.drawLine(currentPoint.getCenterX(), currentPoint.getCenterY(), event.getX(), event.getY(), paint);// 画线
} else {
// 如果当前点击的点与当前移动到的点的位置不同
// 那么以前前点的中心为起点,以手移动到的点的位置画线
canvas.drawLine(currentPoint.getCenterX(), currentPoint.getCenterY(), pointAt.getCenterX(), pointAt.getCenterY(), paint);// 画线
pointAt.setPointState(Constants.POINT_STATE_SELECTED);
// 判断是否中间点需要选中
GesturePoint betweenPoint = getBetweenCheckPoint(currentPoint, pointAt);
if (betweenPoint != null && Constants.POINT_STATE_SELECTED != betweenPoint.getPointState()) {
// 存在中间点并且没有被选中
Pair pair1 = new Pair(currentPoint, betweenPoint);
lineList.add(pair1);
passWordSb.append(betweenPoint.getNum());
Pair pair2 = new Pair(betweenPoint, pointAt);
lineList.add(pair2);
passWordSb.append(pointAt.getNum());
// 设置中间点选中
betweenPoint.setPointState(Constants.POINT_STATE_SELECTED);
// 赋值当前的point;
currentPoint = pointAt;
} else {
Pair pair = new Pair(currentPoint, pointAt);
lineList.add(pair);
passWordSb.append(pointAt.getNum());
// 赋值当前的point;
currentPoint = pointAt;
}
}
invalidate();
break;
case MotionEvent.ACTION_UP:// 当手指抬起的时候
if (isVerify) {
// 手势密码校验
// 清掉屏幕上所有的线,只画上集合里面保存的线
if (passWord.equals(passWordSb.toString())) {
// 代表用户绘制的密码手势与传入的密码相同
callBack.checkedSuccess();
} else {
// 用户绘制的密码与传入的密码不同。
callBack.checkedFail();
}
} else {
callBack.onGestureCodeInput(passWordSb.toString());
}
break;
default:
break;
}
return true;
}
/**
* 指定时间去清除绘制的状态
* @param delayTime 延迟执行时间
*/
public void clearDrawlineState(long delayTime) {
if (delayTime > 0) {
// 绘制红色提示路线
isDrawEnable = false;
drawErrorPathTip();
}
new Handler().postDelayed(new clearStateRunnable(), delayTime);
}
/**
* 清除绘制状态的线程
*/
final class clearStateRunnable implements Runnable {
public void run() {
// 重置passWordSb
passWordSb = new StringBuilder();
// 清空保存点的集合
lineList.clear();
// 重新绘制界面
clearScreenAndDrawList();
for (GesturePoint p : list) {
p.setPointState(Constants.POINT_STATE_NORMAL);
}
invalidate();
isDrawEnable = true;
}
}
/**
* 通过点的位置去集合里面查找这个点是包含在哪个Point里面的
*
* @param x
* @param y
* @return 如果没有找到,则返回null,代表用户当前移动的地方属于点与点之间
*/
private GesturePoint getPointAt(int x, int y) {
for (GesturePoint point : list) {
// 先判断x
int leftX = point.getLeftX();
int rightX = point.getRightX();
if (!(x >= leftX && x < rightX)) {
// 如果为假,则跳到下一个对比
continue;
}
int topY = point.getTopY();
int bottomY = point.getBottomY();
if (!(y >= topY && y < bottomY)) {
// 如果为假,则跳到下一个对比
continue;
}
// 如果执行到这,那么说明当前点击的点的位置在遍历到点的位置这个地方
return point;
}
return null;
}
private GesturePoint getBetweenCheckPoint(GesturePoint pointStart, GesturePoint pointEnd) {
int startNum = pointStart.getNum();
int endNum = pointEnd.getNum();
String key = null;
if (startNum < endNum) {
key = startNum + "," + endNum;
} else {
key = endNum + "," + startNum;
}
return autoCheckPointMap.get(key);
}
/**
* 清掉屏幕上所有的线,然后画出集合里面的线
*/
private void clearScreenAndDrawList() {
canvas.drawColor(Color.TRANSPARENT, PorterDuff.Mode.CLEAR);
for (Pair pair : lineList) {
canvas.drawLine(pair.first.getCenterX(), pair.first.getCenterY(),
pair.second.getCenterX(), pair.second.getCenterY(), paint);// 画线
}
}
/**
* 校验错误/两次绘制不一致提示
*/
private void drawErrorPathTip() {
canvas.drawColor(Color.TRANSPARENT, PorterDuff.Mode.CLEAR);
paint.setColor(Color.rgb(154, 7, 21));// 设置默认线路颜色
for (Pair pair : lineList) {
pair.first.setPointState(Constants.POINT_STATE_WRONG);
pair.second.setPointState(Constants.POINT_STATE_WRONG);
canvas.drawLine(pair.first.getCenterX(), pair.first.getCenterY(),
pair.second.getCenterX(), pair.second.getCenterY(), paint);// 画线
}
invalidate();
}
public interface GestureCallBack {
/**
* 用户设置/输入了手势密码
*/
public abstract void onGestureCodeInput(String inputCode);
/**
* 代表用户绘制的密码与传入的密码相同
*/
public abstract void checkedSuccess();
/**
* 代表用户绘制的密码与传入的密码不相同
*/
public abstract void checkedFail();
}
}
3,具体的使用 (设置密码之后的使用)
public class GestureVerifyActivity extends Activity implements View.OnClickListener {
/** 手机号码*/
public static final String PARAM_PHONE_NUMBER = "PARAM_PHONE_NUMBER";
/** 意图 */
public static final String PARAM_INTENT_CODE = "PARAM_INTENT_CODE";
private RelativeLayout mTopLayout;
private TextView mTextTitle;
private TextView mTextCancel;
private ImageView mImgUserLogo;
private TextView mTextPhoneNumber;
private TextView mTextTip;
private FrameLayout mGestureContainer;
private GestureContentView mGestureContentView;
private TextView mTextForget;
private TextView mTextOther;
private String mParamPhoneNumber;
private long mExitTime = 0;
private int mParamIntentCode;
private SharedPreferences mSharedPreferences;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_gesture_verify);
ObtainExtraData();
setUpViews();
setUpListeners();
}
private void ObtainExtraData() {
mParamPhoneNumber = getIntent().getStringExtra(PARAM_PHONE_NUMBER);
mParamIntentCode = getIntent().getIntExtra(PARAM_INTENT_CODE, 0);
mSharedPreferences = this.getSharedPreferences("secret_protect", Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
}
private void setUpViews() {
mTopLayout = (RelativeLayout) findViewById(R.id.top_layout);
mTextTitle = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.text_title);
mTextCancel = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.text_cancel);
mImgUserLogo = (ImageView) findViewById(R.id.user_logo);
mTextPhoneNumber = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.text_phone_number);
mTextTip = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.text_tip);
mGestureContainer = (FrameLayout) findViewById(R.id.gesture_container);
mTextForget = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.text_forget_gesture);
mTextOther = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.text_other_account);
String inputCode = mSharedPreferences.getString("inputCode","1235789");
// 初始化一个显示各个点的viewGroup
mGestureContentView = new GestureContentView(this, true, inputCode,
new GestureDrawline.GestureCallBack() {
@Override
public void onGestureCodeInput(String inputCode) {
}
@Override
public void checkedSuccess() {
mGestureContentView.clearDrawlineState(0L);
Toast.makeText(GestureVerifyActivity.this, "密码正确", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
GestureVerifyActivity.this.finish();
}
@Override
public void checkedFail() {
mGestureContentView.clearDrawlineState(1300L);
mTextTip.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
mTextTip.setText(Html.fromHtml("密码错误"));
// 左右移动动画
Animation shakeAnimation = AnimationUtils.loadAnimation(GestureVerifyActivity.this, R.anim.shake);
mTextTip.startAnimation(shakeAnimation);
}
});
// 设置手势解锁显示到哪个布局里面
mGestureContentView.setParentView(mGestureContainer);
}
private void setUpListeners() {
mTextCancel.setOnClickListener(this);
mTextForget.setOnClickListener(this);
mTextOther.setOnClickListener(this);
}
private String getProtectedMobile(String phoneNumber) {
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(phoneNumber) || phoneNumber.length() < 11) {
return "";
}
StringBuilder builder = new StringBuilder();
builder.append(phoneNumber.subSequence(0,3));
builder.append("****");
builder.append(phoneNumber.subSequence(7,11));
return builder.toString();
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()) {
case R.id.text_cancel:
this.finish();
break;
default:
break;
}
}
}
4)初始化密码时的使用
public class GestureEditActivity extends Activity implements View.OnClickListener {
/**
* 手机号码
*/
public static final String PARAM_PHONE_NUMBER = "PARAM_PHONE_NUMBER";
/**
* 意图
*/
public static final String PARAM_INTENT_CODE = "PARAM_INTENT_CODE";
/**
* 首次提示绘制手势密码,可以选择跳过
*/
public static final String PARAM_IS_FIRST_ADVICE = "PARAM_IS_FIRST_ADVICE";
private TextView mTextTitle;
private TextView mTextCancel;
private LockIndicator mLockIndicator;
private TextView mTextTip;
private FrameLayout mGestureContainer;
private GestureContentView mGestureContentView;
private TextView mTextReset;
private String mParamSetUpcode = null;
private String mParamPhoneNumber;
private boolean mIsFirstInput = true;
private String mFirstPassword = null;
private String mConfirmPassword = null;
private int mParamIntentCode;
private SharedPreferences mSharedPreferences = null;
@Override
public void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_gesture_edit);
setUpViews();
setUpListeners();
}
private void setUpViews() {
mTextTitle = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.text_title);
mTextCancel = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.text_cancel);
mTextReset = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.text_reset);
mTextReset.setClickable(false);
mLockIndicator = (LockIndicator) findViewById(R.id.lock_indicator);
mTextTip = (TextView) findViewById(R.id.text_tip);
mGestureContainer = (FrameLayout) findViewById(R.id.gesture_container);
mSharedPreferences = this.getSharedPreferences("secret_protect", Context.MODE_PRIVATE);
// 初始化一个显示各个点的viewGroup
mGestureContentView = new GestureContentView(this, false, "", new GestureDrawline.GestureCallBack() {
@Override
public void onGestureCodeInput(String inputCode) {
if (!isInputPassValidate(inputCode)) {
mTextTip.setText(Html.fromHtml("最少链接4个点, 请重新输入"));
mGestureContentView.clearDrawlineState(0L);
return;
}
if (mIsFirstInput) {
mFirstPassword = inputCode;
updateCodeList(inputCode);
mGestureContentView.clearDrawlineState(0L);
mTextReset.setClickable(true);
mTextReset.setText(getString(R.string.reset_gesture_code));
} else {
if (inputCode.equals(mFirstPassword)) {
Toast.makeText(GestureEditActivity.this, "设置成功", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
mGestureContentView.clearDrawlineState(0L);
GestureEditActivity.this.finish();
} else {
mTextTip.setText(Html.fromHtml("与上一次绘制不一致,请重新绘制"));
// 左右移动动画
Animation shakeAnimation = AnimationUtils.loadAnimation(GestureEditActivity.this, R.anim.shake);
mTextTip.startAnimation(shakeAnimation);
// 保持绘制的线,1.5秒后清除
mGestureContentView.clearDrawlineState(1300L);
}
}
mIsFirstInput = false;
}
@Override
public void checkedSuccess() {
}
@Override
public void checkedFail() {
}
});
// 设置手势解锁显示到哪个布局里面
mGestureContentView.setParentView(mGestureContainer);
updateCodeList("");
}
private void setUpListeners() {
mTextCancel.setOnClickListener(this);
mTextReset.setOnClickListener(this);
}
private void updateCodeList(String inputCode) {
// 更新选择的图案
mLockIndicator.setPath(inputCode);
mSharedPreferences.edit().putString("inputCode",inputCode).commit();
Log.e("TAG", "inputCode = " + inputCode);
}
@Override
public void onClick(View v) {
switch (v.getId()) {
case R.id.text_cancel:
this.finish();
break;
case R.id.text_reset:
mIsFirstInput = true;
updateCodeList("");
mTextTip.setText(getString(R.string.set_gesture_pattern));
break;
default:
break;
}
}
private boolean isInputPassValidate(String inputPassword) {
if (TextUtils.isEmpty(inputPassword) || inputPassword.length() < 4) {
return false;
}
return true;
}
}
7.项目地址链接:
github:
https://gitee.com/wangkuo_123456/gesture_sliding_password_lock.git
csdn:
https://download.csdn.net/download/wk_beicai/11074590