zabbix介绍及安装部署

一、zabbix介绍

1、zabbix简介

Zabbix 是一个高度集成的网络监控解决方案，可以提供企业级的开源分布式监控解决方案，由一个国外的团队持续维护更新，软件可以自由下载使用，运作团队靠提供收费的技术支持赢利。

zabbix 是一个基于 Web 界面的，提供分布式系统监控以及网络监视功能的企业级的开源解决方案。

zabbix 能监视各种网络参数，保证服务器系统的安全运营，并提供灵活的通知机制以让系统管理员快速定位/解决存在的各种问题。
2、zabbix架构

3、Zabbix 功能

①具备常见的商业监控软件所具备的功能（主机的性能监控、网络设备性能监控、数据库、性能监控、FTP 等通用协议监控、多种告警方式、详细的报表图表绘制）
②支持自动发现网络设备和服务器（可以通过配置自动发现服务器规则来实现）
③支持自动发现（low discovery）key 实现动态监控项的批量监控（需写脚本）
④支持分布式，能集中展示、管理分布式的监控点
⑤扩展性强，server 提供通用接口（api 功能），可以自己开发完善各类监控（根据相关接口编写程序实现）编写插件容易，可以自定义监控项，报警级别的设置。
⑥数据收集

二、安装与部署

1、环境配置

• 配置IP和主机名

cd /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/
vi ifcfg-eth0

hostnamectl set-hostname zabbix-server

• 关闭防火墙，禁用 SElinux

[root@zabbix-server ~]# systemctl stop firewalld
[root@zabbix-server ~]# systemctl disable firewalld
[root@zabbix-server ~]# sed -i 's/=enforcing/=disabled/' /etc/sysconfig/selinux
[root@zabbix-server ~]# sed -i 's/=enforcing/=disabled/' /etc/selinux/config
[root@zabbix-server ~]# setenforce 0
setenforce: SELinux is disabled

• 安装常用软件

yum install net-tools bash-completion wget vim ntpdate -y

2、准备 LAMP 环境

yum install httpd mariadb mariadb-server php php-mysql php-gd -y

3、配置 zabbix yum 源

[root@zabbix-server ~]# vi /etc/yum.repos.d/zabbix.repo
[root@zabbix-server ~]# cat /etc/yum.repos.d/zabbix.repo
[zabbix]
name=Zabbix Official Repository - \$basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix/zabbix/4.0/rhel/7/\$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgcheck=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-ZABBIX-A14FE591
[zabbix-non-supported]
name=Zabbix Official Repository non-supported - \$basearch
baseurl=https://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix/non-supported/rhel/7/\$basearch/
enabled=1
gpgkey=file:///etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-ZABBIX
gpgcheck=1

添加 gpgkey

[root@zabbix-server ~]# curl https://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix/RPM-GPG-KEY-ZABBIX-A14FE591 -o /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-ZABBIX-A14FE591
[root@zabbix-server ~]# curl https://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix/RPM-GPG-KEY-ZABBIX -o /etc/pki/rpm-gpg/RPM-GPG-KEY-ZABBIX

4、安装zabbix server

[root@zabbix-server ~]# yum install -y zabbix-server-mysql zabbix-web-mysql zabbix-agent -y

[root@zabbix-server ~]# rpm -aq |grep zabbix
zabbix-server-mysql-4.0.8-1.el7.x86_64
zabbix-web-mysql-4.0.8-1.el7.noarch
zabbix-agent-4.0.8-1.el7.x86_64
zabbix-web-4.0.8-1.el7.noarch

再安装zabbix-release

yum install https://mirrors.aliyun.com/zabbix/zabbix/4.0/rhel/7/x86_64/zabbix-release-4.0-1.el7.noarch.rpm
[root@zabbix-server ~]# rpm -aq |grep zabbix
zabbix-release-4.0-1.el7.noarch
zabbix-server-mysql-4.0.8-1.el7.x86_64
zabbix-web-mysql-4.0.8-1.el7.noarch
zabbix-agent-4.0.8-1.el7.x86_64
zabbix-web-4.0.8-1.el7.noarch

修改PHP时区

sed -i 's@# php_value date.timezone Europe/Riga@php_value date.timezone Asia/Shanghai@g' /etc/httpd/conf.d/zabbix.conf

5、数据库设置

启动数据库

[root@zabbix-server ~]# systemctl start mariadb
[root@zabbix-server ~]# systemctl enable mariadb
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/mariadb.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/mariadb.service.

创建 zabbix 数据库及用户

[root@zabbix-server ~]# mysql -e "create database zabbix character set utf8;"
[root@zabbix-server ~]# mysql -e "grant all privileges on zabbix.* to zabbix@localhost identified by 'zabbix';"
[root@zabbix-server ~]# mysqladmin flush-privileges

导入数据库

cd /usr/share/doc/zabbix-server-mysql-4.0.8/
You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root
[root@zabbix-server zabbix-server-mysql-4.0.8]# zcat create.sql.gz | mysql -uzabbix -p zabbix
Enter password:（密码为zabbix）
[root@zabbix-server zabbix-server-mysql-4.0.8]# mysql -uzabbix -p -e 'use zabbix;show tables;'
Enter password:（密码为zabbix）
+----------------------------+
| Tables_in_zabbix           |
+----------------------------+
| acknowledges               |
| actions                    |
| alerts                     |
| application_discovery      |
| application_prototype      |
| application_template       |
| applications               |
| auditlog                   |
| auditlog_details           |
| autoreg_host               |
| conditions                 |
| config                     |
| corr_condition             |
| corr_condition_group       |
| corr_condition_tag         |
| corr_condition_tagpair     |
| corr_condition_tagvalue    |
| corr_operation             |
| correlation                |
| dashboard                  |
| dashboard_user             |
| dashboard_usrgrp           |
| dbversion                  |
| dchecks                    |
| dhosts                     |
| drules                     |
| dservices                  |
| escalations                |
| event_recovery             |
| event_suppress             |
| event_tag                  |
| events                     |
| expressions                |
| functions                  |
| globalmacro                |
| globalvars                 |
| graph_discovery            |
| graph_theme                |
| graphs                     |
| graphs_items               |
| group_discovery            |
| group_prototype            |
| history                    |
| history_log                |
| history_str                |
| history_text               |
| history_uint               |
| host_discovery             |
| host_inventory             |
| hostmacro                  |
| hosts                      |
| hosts_groups               |
| hosts_templates            |
| housekeeper                |
| hstgrp                     |
| httpstep                   |
| httpstep_field             |
| httpstepitem               |
| httptest                   |
| httptest_field             |
| httptestitem               |
| icon_map                   |
| icon_mapping               |
| ids                        |
| images                     |
| interface                  |
| interface_discovery        |
| item_application_prototype |
| item_condition             |
| item_discovery             |
| item_preproc               |
| items                      |
| items_applications         |
| maintenance_tag            |
| maintenances               |
| maintenances_groups        |
| maintenances_hosts         |
| maintenances_windows       |
| mappings                   |
| media                      |
| media_type                 |
| opcommand                  |
| opcommand_grp              |
| opcommand_hst              |
| opconditions               |
| operations                 |
| opgroup                    |
| opinventory                |
| opmessage                  |
| opmessage_grp              |
| opmessage_usr              |
| optemplate                 |
| problem                    |
| problem_tag                |
| profiles                   |
| proxy_autoreg_host         |
| proxy_dhistory             |
| proxy_history              |
| regexps                    |
| rights                     |
| screen_user                |
| screen_usrgrp              |
| screens                    |
| screens_items              |
| scripts                    |
| service_alarms             |
| services                   |
| services_links             |
| services_times             |
| sessions                   |
| slides                     |
| slideshow_user             |
| slideshow_usrgrp           |
| slideshows                 |
| sysmap_element_trigger     |
| sysmap_element_url         |
| sysmap_shape               |
| sysmap_url                 |
| sysmap_user                |
| sysmap_usrgrp              |
| sysmaps                    |
| sysmaps_elements           |
| sysmaps_link_triggers      |
| sysmaps_links              |
| tag_filter                 |
| task                       |
| task_acknowledge           |
| task_check_now             |
| task_close_problem         |
| task_remote_command        |
| task_remote_command_result |
| timeperiods                |
| trends                     |
| trends_uint                |
| trigger_depends            |
| trigger_discovery          |
| trigger_tag                |
| triggers                   |
| users                      |
| users_groups               |
| usrgrp                     |
| valuemaps                  |
| widget                     |
| widget_field               |
+----------------------------+

6、修改 zabbix 配置文件

[root@zabbix-server ~]# vi /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf
[root@zabbix-server ~]# grep ^DB /etc/zabbix/zabbix_server.conf
DBName=zabbix
DBUser=zabbix
DBPassword=zabbix

修改主要参数即可正常工作
DBName=zabbix 数据库名称
DBUser=zabbix 数据库用户
DBPassword=zabbix 数据库密码

7、启动 zabbix 及 apache

[root@zabbix-server ~]# systemctl restart zabbix-server.service httpd.service
[root@zabbix-server ~]# systemctl enable zabbix-server.service httpd.service
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/zabbix-server.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/zabbix-server.service.
Created symlink from /etc/systemd/system/multi-user.target.wants/httpd.service to /usr/lib/systemd/system/httpd.service.
[root@zabbix-server ~]# netstat -lnupt | egrep '80|10051'
tcp        0      0 0.0.0.0:10051           0.0.0.0:*               LISTEN      33467/zabbix_server
tcp6       0      0 :::80                   :::*                    LISTEN      33465/httpd
tcp6       0      0 :::10051                :::*                    LISTEN      33467/zabbix_server

8、Web 界面安装 master
在浏览器输入http://192.168.65.144/zabbix/setup.php


修改文件权限，再点击下一步

 chmod 777 /usr/share/zabbix/assets

安装完成后，登录

9、Zabbix 页面安全设置

登录成功后，点击右上角人头，修改信息

设置新密码并选择中文

10、解决 zabbix 中文乱码方法：

选择最新数据，并随意查看一个数据的图形

会发现数据无法显示

解决方法：
1）上传文件到 zabbix 中
找到本地 C:\Windows\Fonts\ simkai.ttf（楷体）上传到服务器 zabbix 网站目录fonts 目录下。
字体目录为：/usr/share/zabbix/assets/fonts

[root@zabbix-server ~]# cd /usr/share/zabbix/assets/fonts/
[root@zabbix-server fonts]# ls
simkai.ttf

2）、修改 zabbix php 配置文件

[root@zabbix-server fonts]# sed -i 's/graphfont/simkai/g' /usr/share/zabbix/include/defines.inc.php

刷新页面