2019独角兽企业重金招聘Python工程师标准>>> 
1 简介
Canal 是calico和flannel的结合，我们因为Calico不仅能够提供很好的网络性能，还能有网络规则控制，但是我们很多时候使用的Flannel网络，他的缺点就是没有网络控制只能提供网络服务，所以Canal诞生了，为Falanel提供了网络控制。
网络策略 控制出站： egress 控制进站： ingress 可以以ip地址块定义规则，也可以基于命名空间规则定义，还可以对pod定义规则
2 部署Canal
curl \
https://docs.projectcalico.org/v3.6/getting-started/kubernetes/installation/hosted/canal/canal.yaml \
-O
kubectl apply -f canal.yaml
1）canal默认控制的是10.244.0.0/16 ，如果你在安装k8s集群是设置的pod网络不是此段网络，则你需要修改配置文件
2）我们采用的和k8s集群公用etcd的方式创建
查看创建的pod
# kubectl get pods -n kube-system
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE
canal-9lmw8 2/2 Running 0 4m50s
canal-ln6kg 2/2 Running 0 4m50s
canal-mx6tn 2/2 Running 0 4m50s
coredns-fb8b8dccf-lfbkh 1/1 Running 2 10d
coredns-fb8b8dccf-t2kdz 1/1 Running 2 10d
etcd-master-1 1/1 Running 2 10d
kube-apiserver-master-1 1/1 Running 2 10d
kube-controller-manager-master-1 1/1 Running 2 10d
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-df7gk 1/1 Running 3 9d
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-dzxfd 1/1 Running 3 9d
kube-flannel-ds-amd64-mgw2m 1/1 Running 2 9d
kube-proxy-47d6q 1/1 Running 2 10d
kube-proxy-jztrs 1/1 Running 3 10d
kube-proxy-rt4xx 1/1 Running 3 10d
kube-scheduler-master-1 1/1 Running 2 10d
kubernetes-dashboard-5f7b999d65-8h79h 1/1 Running 0 21h
3 创建两个实验的空间
kubectl create namespace shengchan
kubectl create namespace test
4 创建网络规则测试
默认ingress 和 engress可以一起使用，当这两规则同时存在那么将使用policyTypes做具体的规则指向
例如：创建一个policy默认拒绝所有在空间shengchan的入站规则
# cat ingress-deny.yaml
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
name: deny-all-ingress
namespace: shengchan
spec:
podSelector: {}
policyTypes:
- Ingress
kubectl apply ingress-deny.yaml
创建一组属于shengchan空间的pod
# cat pod-networkpolicy1.yaml
apiVersion: v1
kind: Pod
metadata:
name: pod-test
spec:
containers:
- name: pod-test-policy
image: nginx:1.10
kubectl apply -f pod-networkpolicy1.yaml -n shengchan
创建一组属于test空间的pod
kubectl apply -f pod-networkpolicy1.yaml -n test
分别查看两组pod的IP地址
# kubectl get pods -o wide -n shengchan
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
pod-test 1/1 Running 0 16s 10.244.1.2 node2
[root@master-1 ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide -n test
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
pod-test 1/1 Running 0 9s 10.244.2.2 node1
在宿主机上面分别ping这两个ip
# ping 10.244.1.2 -c 1
PING 10.244.1.2 (10.244.1.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
^C
--- 10.244.1.2 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 0 received, 100% packet loss, time 0ms
# ping 10.244.2.2 -c 1
PING 10.244.2.2 (10.244.2.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.244.2.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=63 time=0.660 ms
--- 10.244.2.2 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 0.660/0.660/0.660/0.000 ms
此时发现属于shengchan空间的pod是被拒绝访问的，属于test空间的pod正常访问
此时我们是基于名称空间级别的入站网络访问策略
5 将上面的默认拒绝策略放行
修改配置文件
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
name: deny-all-ingress
namespace: shengchan
spec:
podSelector: {}
ingress:
- {}
policyTypes:
- Ingress
kubectl apply -f ingress-deny.yaml
再次测试10.244.1.2
[root@master-1 ~]# curl -I 10.244.1.2
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.10.3
Date: Sat, 27 Apr 2019 16:58:04 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Last-Modified: Tue, 31 Jan 2017 15:01:11 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5890a6b7-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
[root@master-1 ~]# curl -I 10.244.2.2
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.10.3
Date: Sat, 27 Apr 2019 16:58:07 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Last-Modified: Tue, 31 Jan 2017 15:01:11 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5890a6b7-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
说明我们的网络策略放行成功
6 放行特定的入站
以标签的形式进行划分pod入站规则是否被放行
1）回复默认拒绝所有
[root@master-1 ~]# cat ingress-deny.yaml
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
name: deny-all-ingress
namespace: shengchan
spec:
podSelector: {}
policyTypes:
- Ingress
kubectl apply -f ingress-deny.yaml
2)给shengchan pod打一个标签
kubectl label pods pod-test app=hello -n shengchan
3）创建一个新的规则
# vim ingress-allow.yml
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
name: allow-hello-ingress
namespace: shengchan
spec:
podSelector:
matchLabels:
app: hello
ingress:
- from:
- ipBlock:
cidr: 10.244.0.0/16
except:
- 10.244.2.2/32
ports:
- protocol: TCP
port: 80
解释： 我们重新定义了一个policy，通过标签匹配到我们已有的pod（我们一已有的pod是拒绝所有访问的），定义ingres规则，如果不通过from方式定义默认是所有网段都可以访问到拥有这个标签的pod为了测试我们使用from方式去拒绝10.244.0.0但是会放行10.244.2.2因为我们有这个ip的pod创建万郴更可以进行测试ports就是指定特定开放的端口
4）创建之前进行访问测试
# kubectl get pods -n shengchan -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
pod-test 1/1 Running 0 62m 10.244.1.2 node2
# curl 10.244.1.2
说明无法访问
5）创建之后测试
kubectl apply -f ingress-allow.yml
[root@master-1 ~]# curl -I 10.244.1.2
HTTP/1.1 200 OK
Server: nginx/1.10.3
Date: Sat, 27 Apr 2019 17:32:15 GMT
Content-Type: text/html
Content-Length: 612
Last-Modified: Tue, 31 Jan 2017 15:01:11 GMT
Connection: keep-alive
ETag: "5890a6b7-264"
Accept-Ranges: bytes
说明已经放行
至于对于10.244.0.0网段的限制有兴趣可以测试一下
6 egress出站规则
1）设置一个拒绝所有出站policy
cat egress.yml
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
name: deny-all-egress
namespace: test
spec:
podSelector: {}
policyTypes:
- Egress
kubectl apply -f egress.yml
2）创建一个test命名空间下的pods
kubectl apply -f pod-networkpolicy1.yaml -n test
3)查看podIP并进去容器去测试ping一个正常的podip
[root@master-1 ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
net-test-5764c456cb-2c9df 1/1 Running 24 24h 10.244.2.22 node1
net-test-5764c456cb-ng6vh 1/1 Running 46 6d5h 10.244.1.21 node2
[root@master-1 ~]# kubectl get pods -o wide -n test
NAME READY STATUS RESTARTS AGE IP NODE NOMINATED NODE READINESS GATES
pod-test 1/1 Running 0 86m 10.244.2.2 node1
kubectl exec -it pod-test -n test -- /bin/bash
root@pod-test:/# ping 10.244.1.21
PING 10.244.1.21 (10.244.1.21): 56 data bytes
^C--- 10.244.1.21 ping statistics ---
3 packets transmitted, 0 packets received, 100% packet loss
说明此时已经应用策略
4）修改配置文件放行所有出站
# cat egress.yml
apiVersion: networking.k8s.io/v1
kind: NetworkPolicy
metadata:
name: deny-all-egress
namespace: test
spec:
podSelector: {}
egress:
- {}
policyTypes:
- Egress
kubectl apply -f egress.yml
测试：
root@pod-test:/# ping 10.244.1.21 -c 1
PING 10.244.1.21 (10.244.1.21): 56 data bytes
64 bytes from 10.244.1.21: icmp_seq=0 ttl=62 time=0.939 ms
--- 10.244.1.21 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 packets received, 0% packet loss
round-trip min/avg/max/stddev = 0.939/0.939/0.939/0.000 ms
此时说明已经放行成功
7 更加复杂的policy规则需要根据不同的环境规划进行深入探究，其所有都规则都体现在配置文件中