知识点总结--太变态很长的文章

16 加解密和数字摘要RSA


    实际的例子是: post请求  类转字符串私钥加密,签名作为header, 服务端拦截器header拦截 如果header签名通过验证,则放行,接口里解密,否则返回错误码


    rest的数字签名的意义 简短的说,数字签名 最好 私钥加密公钥解密,但是公钥加密,私钥解密里的密码 每次都不一样
    https://blog.csdn.net/rnzuozuo/article/details/38357759        

其实公钥和私钥都可以用来加密或解密---只要能保证用A加密,就用B解密就行。至于A是公钥还是私钥,其实可以根据不同的用途而定。

例如说,如果你想把某个消息秘密的发给某人,那你就可以用他的公钥加密。因为只有他知道他的私钥,所以这消息也就只有他本人能解开,于是你就达到了你的目的。

但是如果你想发布一个公告,需要一个手段来证明这确实是你本人发的,而不是其他人冒名顶替的。那你可以在你的公告开头或者结尾附上一段用你的私钥加密的内容(例如说就是你公告正文的一段话),那所有其他人都可以用你的公钥来解密,看看解出来的内容是不是相符的。如果是的话,那就说明这公告确实是你发的---因为只有你的公钥才能解开你的私钥加密的内容,而其他人是拿不到你的私钥的。

最后再说一下数字签名。
数字签名无非就两个目的:
证明这消息是你发的;
证明这消息内容确实是完整的---也就是没有经过任何形式的篡改(包括替换、缺少、新增)。

其实,上面关于“公告”那段内容,已经证明了第一点:证明这消息是你发的。
那么要做到第二点,也很简单,就是把你公告的原文做一次哈希(md5或者sha1都行),然后用你的私钥加密这段哈希作为签名,并一起公布出去。当别人收到你的公告时,他可以用你的公钥解密你的签名,如果解密成功,并且解密出来的哈希值确实和你的公告原文一致,那么他就证明了两点:这消息确实是你发的,而且内容是完整的。

其实概念很简单:

  1. 小明想秘密给小英发送消息

  2. 小英手里有一个盒子(public key),这个盒子只有小英手里的钥匙(private key)才打得开

  3. 小英把盒子送给小明(分发公钥)

  4. 小明写好消息放进盒子里,锁上盒子(公钥加密)

  5. 小明把盒子寄给小英(密文传输)

  6. 小英用手里的钥匙打开盒子,得到小明的消息(私钥解密)

  7. 假设小刚劫持了盒子,因为没有小英的钥匙,他也打不开

        restful 例子

客户端部分代码

 //创建客户端签名  
    String clientToken = new CreateSignTokenImpl().getToken(summary,secretKey);  
    HttpURLConnection urlConnection =  
    (HttpURLConnection) (new URL(hostURL)).openConnection();  
    urlConnection.setRequestProperty("Token", "jingdong "+accessKey+":"+clientToken);  
    urlConnection.setRequestProperty("Date", requestDate);  
    urlConnection.setDoInput(true);  
    urlConnection.setRequestMethod(httpMethod);  
服务端部分代码


    public Response downloadObject(@PathParam(value = "bucketName") String bucketName,@PathParam(value = "objectName") String objectName,@Context HttpServletRequest request)
    {
        BucketObject bucketObject = objectManager.downloadObject(request.getHeader(CommonConstant.USER_TOKEN),CommonsUtil.generateSummary(request), bucketName, objectName);
        //直接返回输出流
        return Response.ok(new BigFileOutputStream(bucketObject.getDataStream())).build();

 

 

最完整的例子

package com.hbean.btlcloud.rsa;

import java.util.Map;

public class RSATester {

    static String publicKey;
    static String privateKey;

    static {
        try {
            Map keyMap = RSAUtils.genKeyPair();
            publicKey = RSAUtils.getPublicKey(keyMap);
            privateKey = RSAUtils.getPrivateKey(keyMap);
            System.err.println("公钥: \n\r" + publicKey);
            System.err.println("私钥: \n\r" + privateKey);
        } catch (Exception e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
    
    public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {
//        test();
        testSign();
//        testHttpSign();
    }

    static void test() throws Exception {
        System.err.println("公钥加密——私钥解密");
        String source = "这是一行没有任何意义的文字,你看完了等于没看,不是吗?";
//        String source ="S33DB/izk+OkIEjYpR7Fgw==";
        System.out.println("\r加密前文字:\r\n" + source);
        byte[] data = source.getBytes();

        System.out.println("public key"+publicKey);
        System.out.println("private key"+privateKey);
        publicKey="MIGfMA0GCSqGSIb3DQEBAQUAA4GNADCBiQKBgQChsMkb7M+fsTH3Oj5aI5NHdV6Y0UXJm8EVOPyr0nIIF1aCRl6NeEf2T602vlJnA0rbt8yGlHCjLkR3Vl2zzoDDcDpBBReuykFO82/TIE+HX/B5YY9IvkfvBJEZ7U5/BrZYHJm0quRhB0J7NMQtnvwIL+tt3gnCiv+amh/+KJUtHQIDAQAB";
        privateKey="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";
        byte[] encodedData = RSAUtils.encryptByPublicKey(data, publicKey);
        System.out.println("加密后文字:\r\n" + new String(encodedData));
        byte[] decodedData = RSAUtils.decryptByPrivateKey(encodedData, privateKey);
        
//        byte[] encodedData = RSAUtils.encryptByPrivateKey(data, privateKey);
//        System.out.println("加密后文字:\r\n" + new String(encodedData));
//        byte[] decodedData = RSAUtils.decryptByPublicKey(encodedData, publicKey);
        
        
        String target = new String(decodedData);
        System.out.println("解密后文字: \r\n" + target);
    }

    static void testSign() throws Exception {
        System.err.println("私钥加密——公钥解密");
        String source = "这是一行测试RSA数字签名的无意义文字";
        System.out.println("原文字:\r\n" + source);
        byte[] data = source.getBytes();
        byte[] encodedData = RSAUtils.encryptByPrivateKey(data, privateKey);
        System.out.println("加密后:\r\n" + new String(encodedData));
        byte[] decodedData = RSAUtils.decryptByPublicKey(encodedData, publicKey);
        String target = new String(decodedData);
        System.out.println("解密后: \r\n" + target);
        System.err.println("私钥签名——公钥验证签名");
        String sign = RSAUtils.sign(encodedData, privateKey);
        System.err.println("签名:\r" + sign);
        boolean status = RSAUtils.verify(encodedData, publicKey, sign);
        System.err.println("验证结果:\r" + status);
    }
    
    static void testHttpSign() throws Exception {
        String param = "id=1&name=张三";
        byte[] encodedData = RSAUtils.encryptByPrivateKey(param.getBytes(), privateKey);
        System.out.println("加密后:" + encodedData);
        
        byte[] decodedData = RSAUtils.decryptByPublicKey(encodedData, publicKey);
        System.out.println("解密后:" + new String(decodedData));
        
        String sign = RSAUtils.sign(encodedData, privateKey);
        System.err.println("签名:" + sign);
        
        boolean status = RSAUtils.verify(encodedData, publicKey, sign);
        System.err.println("签名验证结果:" + status);
    }
}

 

package com.hbean.btlcloud.rsa;

import java.io.ByteArrayInputStream;
import java.io.ByteArrayOutputStream;
import java.io.File;
import java.io.FileInputStream;
import java.io.FileOutputStream;
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.security.Key;
import java.security.KeyFactory;
import java.security.KeyPair;
import java.security.KeyPairGenerator;
import java.security.PrivateKey;
import java.security.PublicKey;
import java.security.Signature;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPrivateKey;
import java.security.interfaces.RSAPublicKey;
import java.security.spec.PKCS8EncodedKeySpec;
import java.security.spec.X509EncodedKeySpec;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.Map;

import javax.crypto.Cipher;

import org.apache.shiro.codec.Base64;

/**
 * 

* RSA公钥/私钥/签名工具包 *

*

* 罗纳德·李维斯特(Ron [R]ivest)、阿迪·萨莫尔(Adi [S]hamir)和伦纳德·阿德曼(Leonard [A]dleman) *

*

* 字符串格式的密钥在未在特殊说明情况下都为BASE64编码格式
* 由于非对称加密速度极其缓慢,一般文件不使用它来加密而是使用对称加密,
* 非对称加密算法可以用来对对称加密的密钥加密,这样保证密钥的安全也就保证了数据的安全 *

* * @author IceWee * @date 2012-4-26 * @version 1.0 */ class RSAUtils { /** * 加密算法RSA */ public static final String KEY_ALGORITHM = "RSA"; /** * 签名算法 */ public static final String SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM = "MD5withRSA"; /** * 获取公钥的key */ private static final String PUBLIC_KEY = "RSAPublicKey"; /** * 获取私钥的key */ private static final String PRIVATE_KEY = "RSAPrivateKey"; /** * RSA最大加密明文大小 */ private static final int MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK = 117; /** * RSA最大解密密文大小 */ private static final int MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK = 128; /** *

* 生成密钥对(公钥和私钥) *

* * @return * @throws Exception */ public static Map genKeyPair() throws Exception { KeyPairGenerator keyPairGen = KeyPairGenerator.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM); keyPairGen.initialize(1024); KeyPair keyPair = keyPairGen.generateKeyPair(); RSAPublicKey publicKey = (RSAPublicKey) keyPair.getPublic(); RSAPrivateKey privateKey = (RSAPrivateKey) keyPair.getPrivate(); Map keyMap = new HashMap(2); keyMap.put(PUBLIC_KEY, publicKey); keyMap.put(PRIVATE_KEY, privateKey); return keyMap; } /** *

* 用私钥对信息生成数字签名 *

* * @param data 已加密数据 * @param privateKey 私钥(BASE64编码) * * @return * @throws Exception */ public static String sign(byte[] data, String privateKey) throws Exception { byte[] keyBytes = Base64Utils.decode(privateKey); PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes); KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM); PrivateKey privateK = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec); Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM); signature.initSign(privateK); signature.update(data); return Base64Utils.encode(signature.sign()); } /** *

* 校验数字签名 *

* * @param data 已加密数据 * @param publicKey 公钥(BASE64编码) * @param sign 数字签名 * * @return * @throws Exception * */ public static boolean verify(byte[] data, String publicKey, String sign) throws Exception { byte[] keyBytes = Base64Utils.decode(publicKey); X509EncodedKeySpec keySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes); KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM); PublicKey publicK = keyFactory.generatePublic(keySpec); Signature signature = Signature.getInstance(SIGNATURE_ALGORITHM); signature.initVerify(publicK); signature.update(data); return signature.verify(Base64Utils.decode(sign)); } /** *

* 私钥解密 *

* * @param encryptedData 已加密数据 * @param privateKey 私钥(BASE64编码) * @return * @throws Exception */ public static byte[] decryptByPrivateKey(byte[] encryptedData, String privateKey) throws Exception { byte[] keyBytes = Base64Utils.decode(privateKey); PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes); KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM); Key privateK = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec); Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm()); cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, privateK); int inputLen = encryptedData.length; ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); int offSet = 0; byte[] cache; int i = 0; // 对数据分段解密 while (inputLen - offSet > 0) { if (inputLen - offSet > MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK) { cache = cipher.doFinal(encryptedData, offSet, MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK); } else { cache = cipher.doFinal(encryptedData, offSet, inputLen - offSet); } out.write(cache, 0, cache.length); i++; offSet = i * MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK; } byte[] decryptedData = out.toByteArray(); out.close(); return decryptedData; } /** *

* 公钥解密 *

* * @param encryptedData 已加密数据 * @param publicKey 公钥(BASE64编码) * @return * @throws Exception */ public static byte[] decryptByPublicKey(byte[] encryptedData, String publicKey) throws Exception { byte[] keyBytes = Base64Utils.decode(publicKey); X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes); KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM); Key publicK = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec); Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm()); cipher.init(Cipher.DECRYPT_MODE, publicK); int inputLen = encryptedData.length; ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); int offSet = 0; byte[] cache; int i = 0; // 对数据分段解密 while (inputLen - offSet > 0) { if (inputLen - offSet > MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK) { cache = cipher.doFinal(encryptedData, offSet, MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK); } else { cache = cipher.doFinal(encryptedData, offSet, inputLen - offSet); } out.write(cache, 0, cache.length); i++; offSet = i * MAX_DECRYPT_BLOCK; } byte[] decryptedData = out.toByteArray(); out.close(); return decryptedData; } /** *

* 公钥加密 *

* * @param data 源数据 * @param publicKey 公钥(BASE64编码) * @return * @throws Exception */ public static byte[] encryptByPublicKey(byte[] data, String publicKey) throws Exception { byte[] keyBytes = Base64Utils.decode(publicKey); X509EncodedKeySpec x509KeySpec = new X509EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes); KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM); Key publicK = keyFactory.generatePublic(x509KeySpec); // 对数据加密 Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm()); cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, publicK); int inputLen = data.length; ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); int offSet = 0; byte[] cache; int i = 0; // 对数据分段加密 while (inputLen - offSet > 0) { if (inputLen - offSet > MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK) { cache = cipher.doFinal(data, offSet, MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK); } else { cache = cipher.doFinal(data, offSet, inputLen - offSet); } out.write(cache, 0, cache.length); i++; offSet = i * MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK; } byte[] encryptedData = out.toByteArray(); out.close(); return encryptedData; } /** *

* 私钥加密 *

* * @param data 源数据 * @param privateKey 私钥(BASE64编码) * @return * @throws Exception */ public static byte[] encryptByPrivateKey(byte[] data, String privateKey) throws Exception { byte[] keyBytes = Base64Utils.decode(privateKey); PKCS8EncodedKeySpec pkcs8KeySpec = new PKCS8EncodedKeySpec(keyBytes); KeyFactory keyFactory = KeyFactory.getInstance(KEY_ALGORITHM); Key privateK = keyFactory.generatePrivate(pkcs8KeySpec); Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(keyFactory.getAlgorithm()); cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, privateK); int inputLen = data.length; ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream(); int offSet = 0; byte[] cache; int i = 0; // 对数据分段加密 while (inputLen - offSet > 0) { if (inputLen - offSet > MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK) { cache = cipher.doFinal(data, offSet, MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK); } else { cache = cipher.doFinal(data, offSet, inputLen - offSet); } out.write(cache, 0, cache.length); i++; offSet = i * MAX_ENCRYPT_BLOCK; } byte[] encryptedData = out.toByteArray(); out.close(); return encryptedData; } /** *

* 获取私钥 *

* * @param keyMap 密钥对 * @return * @throws Exception */ public static String getPrivateKey(Map keyMap) throws Exception { Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PRIVATE_KEY); return Base64Utils.encode(key.getEncoded()); } /** *

* 获取公钥 *

* * @param keyMap 密钥对 * @return * @throws Exception */ public static String getPublicKey(Map keyMap) throws Exception { Key key = (Key) keyMap.get(PUBLIC_KEY); return Base64Utils.encode(key.getEncoded()); } } public class Base64Utils { /** * 文件读取缓冲区大小 */ private static final int CACHE_SIZE = 1024; /** *

* BASE64字符串解码为二进制数据 *

* * @param base64 * @return * @throws Exception */ public static byte[] decode(String base64) throws Exception { return Base64.decode(base64.getBytes()); } /** *

* 二进制数据编码为BASE64字符串 *

* * @param bytes * @return * @throws Exception */ public static String encode(byte[] bytes) throws Exception { return new String(Base64.encode(bytes)); } /** *

* 将文件编码为BASE64字符串 *

*

* 大文件慎用,可能会导致内存溢出 *

* * @param filePath * 文件绝对路径 * @return * @throws Exception */ public static String encodeFile(String filePath) throws Exception { byte[] bytes = fileToByte(filePath); return encode(bytes); } /** *

* BASE64字符串转回文件 *

* * @param filePath * 文件绝对路径 * @param base64 * 编码字符串 * @throws Exception */ public static void decodeToFile(String filePath, String base64) throws Exception { byte[] bytes = decode(base64); byteArrayToFile(bytes, filePath); } /** *

* 文件转换为二进制数组 *

* * @param filePath * 文件路径 * @return * @throws Exception */ public static byte[] fileToByte(String filePath) throws Exception { byte[] data = new byte[0]; File file = new File(filePath); if (file.exists()) { FileInputStream in = new FileInputStream(file); ByteArrayOutputStream out = new ByteArrayOutputStream(2048); byte[] cache = new byte[CACHE_SIZE]; int nRead = 0; while ((nRead = in.read(cache)) != -1) { out.write(cache, 0, nRead); out.flush(); } out.close(); in.close(); data = out.toByteArray(); } return data; } /** *

* 二进制数据写文件 *

* * @param bytes * 二进制数据 * @param filePath * 文件生成目录 */ public static void byteArrayToFile(byte[] bytes, String filePath) throws Exception { InputStream in = new ByteArrayInputStream(bytes); File destFile = new File(filePath); if (!destFile.getParentFile().exists()) { destFile.getParentFile().mkdirs(); } destFile.createNewFile(); OutputStream out = new FileOutputStream(destFile); byte[] cache = new byte[CACHE_SIZE]; int nRead = 0; while ((nRead = in.read(cache)) != -1) { out.write(cache, 0, nRead); out.flush(); } out.close(); in.close(); } }

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