STL之Binary search

STL之Binary search

    STL中对于有序序列(vector,list等)提供了相当相当强大的二分搜索Binary search算法。对于可以随机访问容器(如vector等),binary search负载度为对数级别(LogN),对于非随机访问容器(如list),则算法复杂度为线性。现在简要介绍一下几种常用的binary search算法:

ForwardIterator lower_bound (ForwardIterator first,ForwardIterator last, const T& value)
ForwardIterator lower_bound (ForwardIterator first,ForwardIterator last, const T& value, Compare comp)
//查找最远的一个iterator i, 使得[first,i)里面的任意一个iterator j,有 *j < value or comp(*j,value)==true. 

ForwardIterator upper_bound (ForwardIterator first,ForwardIterator last, const T& value)
ForwardIterator upper_bound (ForwardIterator first,ForwardIterator last, const T& value, Compare comp)
//查找最远的一个iterator i, 使得[first,i)里面的任意一个iterator j,有 !(*j < value) or comp(*j,value)==false. 

pair equal_range(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, const T& value)
pair equal_range(ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, const T& value, Compare comp)
//查找最大的subrange[i,j),使得任意一个iterator in [i,j)满足!(*k

bool binary_search (ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, const T& value)
bool binary_search (ForwardIterator first, ForwardIterator last, const T& value, Compare comp)
// 查找是否在[first,last)中存在iterator i,满足 !(*i
// 存在则返回true,否则返回false.  

#include
#include
#include
#include
using  namespace std;
int main()
{
    vector< int>v;
    vector< int>::iterator itr;
    pair< vector< int>::iterator, vector< int>::iterator >vecpair;
    
     for( int i = 1; i <= 20; i++){
        v.push_back(i%6);
    }
    sort(v.begin(),v.end());
    cout << "array: " << endl << "    ";
    copy(v.begin(),v.end(),ostream_iterator< int>(cout," "));
    cout << endl;
    
     // lower_bound
    cout << "lower_bound function, value = 3:" << endl; 
    itr = lower_bound(v.begin(),v.end(),3);
    cout << "    [first, itr) = ";
    copy(v.begin(),itr,ostream_iterator< int>(cout," "));
    cout << endl;
    cout << "    [itr, last) = ";
    copy(itr,v.end(),ostream_iterator< int>(cout," "));
    cout << endl << endl;
    
     //  upper_bound
    cout << "upper_bound function, value = 3:" << endl; 
    itr = upper_bound(v.begin(),v.end(),3);
    cout << "    [first, itr) = ";
    copy(v.begin(),itr,ostream_iterator< int>(cout," "));
    cout << endl;
    cout << "    [itr, last) = ";
    copy(itr,v.end(),ostream_iterator< int>(cout," "));
    cout << endl << endl;
    
     //  equal_range
    cout << "equal_range function, value = 3:" << endl; 
    vecpair = equal_range(v.begin(),v.end(),3);
    
    cout << "    [vecpair->first, vecpair->second) = ";
    copy(vecpair.first, vecpair.second, ostream_iterator< int>(cout," "));
    cout << endl << endl;
    
     // binary_search, value = 3
    cout << "binary_search function, value = 3:" << endl;
    cout << "3 is " << (binary_search(v.begin(),v.end(),3) ? "":"not ") << "in array." << endl;
    cout << endl;
    
     // binary_search, value = 6
    cout << "binary_search function, value = 6:" << endl;
    cout << "6 is " << (binary_search(v.begin(),v.end(),6) ? "":"not ") << "in array." << endl;
    cout << endl;
    
     return 0;    
}



array:
    
0   0   0   1   1   1   1   2   2   2   2   3   3   3   4   4   4   5   5   5
lower_bound function, value 
=   3 :
    [first, itr) 
=   0   0   0   1   1   1   1   2   2   2   2
    [itr, last) 
=   3   3   3   4   4   4   5   5   5

upper_bound function, value 
=   3 :
    [first, itr) 
=   0   0   0   1   1   1   1   2   2   2   2   3   3   3
    [itr, last) 
=   4   4   4   5   5   5

equal_range function, value 
=   3 :
    [vecpair
-> first, vecpair -> second)  =   3   3   3

binary_search function, value 
=   3 :
3   is   in  array.

binary_search function, value 
=   6 :
6   is  not  in  array.

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