ACM-最大子矩阵和

最大子矩阵和问题是对最大子序列和问题的扩展,即从一维扩展到了二维。但是解决此问题的方法和原来的方法并没有太大的差别,这里就以同样的动态规划的实录思路来求解此问题。原来subSum[i]代表包含ai并且以ai结束的子序列的最大和,状态转移方程为subSum[i+1] = subSum[i]<0 ? 0 : subSum[i]+a[i+1],因为subSum[i]为负将对总和做负贡献,所以此时将其丢弃。而现在,序列已经变成了矩阵,subSum[i]也不能再表示原来的意义了,需要将其扩展为二维,subSum[k]表示包含第k行第i至j列元素并且以其结尾的子矩阵的最大和,定义sum[i,j]表示表示第k行第i至j列元素和,那么同样的有转移方程subSum[k+1] = subSum[k]<0 ? 0 : subSum[k]+sum[i,j],最后的问题就是如何计算sum[i,j],因为已经有三层循环枚举i、j、k了,如果这里再用循环计算,复杂度将会增加,所以可以在输入数据的时候将sum[i,j]处理成第i行前j列的和,所以原来转移方程中的sun[i,j]就可以直接写成sum[k,j]-sum[k,i-1],不用再循环计算了。实现代码如下:

#define MAX 105
// 第i行前j个元素和
int sum[MAX][MAX];
// 矩阵的行列数
int n;
// 返回最大子矩阵和,并且保存该子矩阵的起始元素和结束元素的行列值
int MaxSubMatSum(int &sX, int &sY, int &eX, int &eY)
{
    int ans=1e-6;
    // 枚举第k行,第i列至j列的和
    for(int i=1; i<=n; ++i)
    {
        for(int j=i; j<=n; ++j)
        {
            int subSum = 0;
            for(int k=1; k<=n; ++k)
            {
                // 动态规划思想,subSum<0将会减少总和,所以此时将其置0
                if(subSum < 0)
                {
                    subSum = 0;
                    sX = k;
                    sY = i;
                }
                subSum += sum[k][j] - sum[k][i-1];
                if(ans < subSum)
                {
                    ans = subSum;
                    eX = k;
                    eY = j;
                }
            }
        }
    }
    return ans;
}

以一道题为例,应用上述算法,HDOJ:1081,时空转移( 点击打开链接),题目如下:

To The Max

Time Limit: 2000/1000 MS (Java/Others)    Memory Limit: 65536/32768 K (Java/Others)
Total Submission(s): 8952    Accepted Submission(s): 4328


Problem Description
Given a two-dimensional array of positive and negative integers, a sub-rectangle is any contiguous sub-array of size 1 x 1 or greater located within the whole array. The sum of a rectangle is the sum of all the elements in that rectangle. In this problem the sub-rectangle with the largest sum is referred to as the maximal sub-rectangle.

As an example, the maximal sub-rectangle of the array:

0 -2 -7 0
9 2 -6 2
-4 1 -4 1
-1 8 0 -2

is in the lower left corner:

9 2
-4 1
-1 8

and has a sum of 15.
 

Input
The input consists of an N x N array of integers. The input begins with a single positive integer N on a line by itself, indicating the size of the square two-dimensional array. This is followed by N 2 integers separated by whitespace (spaces and newlines). These are the N 2 integers of the array, presented in row-major order. That is, all numbers in the first row, left to right, then all numbers in the second row, left to right, etc. N may be as large as 100. The numbers in the array will be in the range [-127,127].
 

Output
Output the sum of the maximal sub-rectangle.
 

Sample Input

4 0 -2 -7 0 9 2 -6 2 -4 1 -4 1 -1 8 0 -2
 

Sample Output

15
 

题意:

给出一个n*n的矩阵,找出其最大子矩阵和,只需要输出和即可。

分析:

典型的计算最大子矩阵和的题目,如前面分析求解即可。但是不需要输出子矩阵本身,所以可以对前面的算法简化,直接写入主程序即可。

源代码:

#include 
#include 
#include 

using namespace std;
#define MAX 105
// 第i行前j个元素和
int sum[MAX][MAX];

int main()
{//freopen("sample.txt", "r", stdin);
    int n;
    while(~scanf("%d", &n))
    {
        int data, ans=1e-6;
        memset(sum, 0, sizeof(sum));
        for(int i=1; i<=n; ++i)
        {
            for(int j=1; j<=n; ++j)
            {
                scanf("%d", &data);
                // 累加第i行前j个元素和
                sum[i][j] += sum[i][j-1] + data;
            }
        }
        // 枚举第k行,第i列至j列的和
        for(int i=1; i<=n; ++i)
        {
            for(int j=i; j<=n; ++j)
            {
                int subSum = 0;
                for(int k=1; k<=n; ++k)
                {
                    // 动态规划思想,subSum<0将会减少总和,所以此时将其置0
                    if(subSum < 0) subSum = 0;
                    subSum += sum[k][j] - sum[k][i-1];
                    ans = max(ans, subSum);
                }
            }
        }
        printf("%d\n", ans);
    }
    return 0;
}

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