http://blog.csdn.net/u010181592/article/category/5893483
很多人都知道不能直接在子线程new 一个Handler,android会报错,至于为什么会报错,并没有做深入的研究,今天就来研究一下,顺手学习了下android异步消息处理机制的问题,一起放出来。
列出参考资料:
Android 异步消息处理机制 让你深入理解 Looper、Handler、Message三者关系 出自 鸿洋大神的博客;
下边来重现一下错误的做法:
首先,直接在子线程新建一个handler
new Thread(new Runnable() {
@Override
public void run() {
//这里写入子线程需要做的工作
Log.e("wanghe","asdasdasd");
Handler handler = new Handler(){
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(), "handler msg", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
}
};
handler.sendEmptyMessage(1);
}
}).start();
错误信息:
java.lang.RuntimeException: Can’t create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()
不能再子线程中新建handler,没有呼叫Looper.prepare();,为什么呢,看一下handler的源码
public Handler() {
if (FIND_POTENTIAL_LEAKS) {
final Class extends Handler> klass = getClass();
if ((klass.isAnonymousClass() || klass.isMemberClass() || klass.isLocalClass()) &&
(klass.getModifiers() & Modifier.STATIC) == 0) {
Log.w(TAG, "The following Handler class should be static or leaks might occur: " +
klass.getCanonicalName());
}
}
mLooper = Looper.myLooper();
if (mLooper == null) {
throw new RuntimeException(
"Can't create handler inside thread that has not called Looper.prepare()");
}
mQueue = mLooper.mQueue;
mCallback = null;
}
handler构造函数中 需要持有一个looper的对象,如果没有,提示这个错误;
looper的主要作用是与当前线程绑定,保证一个线程只会有一个Looper实例,同时一个Looper实例也只有一个MessageQueue。然后looper的loop()方法就是不断从MessageQueue中取出消息,交给handler去发送消息。 而子线程是没有默认looper的,所以就会报错了。 解决办法也很简单,我们只需要调用prepare()方法,新建looper对象就好。看一下prepare都干了什么:
public static final void prepare() {
if (sThreadLocal.get() != null) {
throw new RuntimeException("Only one Looper may be created per thread");
}
sThreadLocal.set(new Looper(true));
}
可以看到 方法中新建一个looper对象防放进了一个ThreadLocal的对象中,并且提前判断了ThreadLoacl是否为空,这就说明了prepare()不能被调用2次,也就保证了一个线程只能有一个looper;
private Looper(boolean quitAllowed) {
mQueue = new MessageQueue(quitAllowed);
mRun = true;
mThread = Thread.currentThread();
}
构造中 新建了一个MessageQueue,现在,消息队列找到了,怎么从中这个队列中拿出消息给handler呢?调用Looper.loop;
public static void loop() {
final Looper me = myLooper();
if (me == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("No Looper; Looper.prepare() wasn't called on this thread.");
}
final MessageQueue queue = me.mQueue;
// Make sure the identity of this thread is that of the local process,
// and keep track of what that identity token actually is.
Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
final long ident = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
for (;;) {
Message msg = queue.next(); // might block
if (msg == null) {
// No message indicates that the message queue is quitting.
return;
}
// This must be in a local variable, in case a UI event sets the logger
Printer logging = me.mLogging;
if (logging != null) {
logging.println(">>>>> Dispatching to " + msg.target + " " +
msg.callback + ": " + msg.what);
}
msg.target.dispatchMessage(msg);
if (logging != null) {
logging.println("<<<<< Finished to " + msg.target + " " + msg.callback);
}
// Make sure that during the course of dispatching the
// identity of the thread wasn't corrupted.
final long newIdent = Binder.clearCallingIdentity();
if (ident != newIdent) {
Log.wtf(TAG, "Thread identity changed from 0x"
+ Long.toHexString(ident) + " to 0x"
+ Long.toHexString(newIdent) + " while dispatching to "
+ msg.target.getClass().getName() + " "
+ msg.callback + " what=" + msg.what);
}
msg.recycle();
}
}
public static Looper myLooper() {
return sThreadLocal.get();
}
在myLooper中直接拿到了ThreadLoacl中存储的Looper实例,如果null就抛出,说明loop一定要在prepare之后调用;然后拿到了looper中的消息队列,进入无限循环,取消息->把消息嫁给msg的target的dispatchMessage方法处理,这个Msg的target是什么呢,就是我们很熟悉的Handler(饶了一圈终于找回来了。。。)
而在handler的源码中我们看到 handler通过持有的looper获取了looper的MessageQueue,这样就把Handler,looper ,message关联到了一起,
都走到这里了,就一口气看完handler处理message的逻辑吧
public final boolean sendMessage(Message msg)
{
return sendMessageDelayed(msg, 0);
}
public final boolean sendEmptyMessageDelayed(int what, long delayMillis) {
Message msg = Message.obtain();
msg.what = what;
return sendMessageDelayed(msg, delayMillis);
}
public final boolean sendMessageDelayed(Message msg, long delayMillis)
{
if (delayMillis < 0) {
delayMillis = 0;
}
return sendMessageAtTime(msg, SystemClock.uptimeMillis() + delayMillis);
}
public boolean sendMessageAtTime(Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
MessageQueue queue = mQueue;
if (queue == null) {
RuntimeException e = new RuntimeException(
this + " sendMessageAtTime() called with no mQueue");
Log.w("Looper", e.getMessage(), e);
return false;
}
return enqueueMessage(queue, msg, uptimeMillis);
}
最后调用到了endMessageAtTime,在此方法内部有直接获取MessageQueue然后调用了enqueueMessage方法,我们再来看看此方法:
private boolean enqueueMessage(MessageQueue queue, Message msg, long uptimeMillis) {
msg.target = this;
if (mAsynchronous) {
msg.setAsynchronous(true);
}
return queue.enqueueMessage(msg, uptimeMillis);
}
还记得上文looper.loop中会去除每个msg然后交给target.dispatchMessage(msg)去处理消息么?
enqueueMessage中首先为meg.target赋值为this,也就是把当前的handler作为msg的target属性。最终会调用queue的enqueueMessage的方法,也就是说handler发出的消息,最终会保存到消息队列中去。
现在已经很清楚了Looper会调用prepare()和loop()方法,在当前执行的线程中保存一个Looper实例,这个实例会保存一个MessageQueue对象,然后当前线程进入一个无限循环中去,不断从MessageQueue中读取Handler发来的消息。然后再回调创建这个消息的handler中的dispathMessage方法,下面我们赶快去看一看这个方法:
public void dispatchMessage(Message msg) {
if (msg.callback != null) {
handleCallback(msg);
} else {
if (mCallback != null) {
if (mCallback.handleMessage(msg)) {
return;
}
}
handleMessage(msg);
}
}
这里最终调用了我们创建handler中复写的handlerMessage方法。
到此,整个流程基本理顺了一遍。
总结一下三者:
总结完了,有人可能还会问,为什么UI线程中,并没有显示调用looper的prepare和loop方法,为什么就可以成功创建handler,因为在acitvity的启动代码中,就已经调用了looper的prepare和loop。
一句话总结:
至此我们从一个常见的问题,引出来 很多人都头疼的handler异步消息机制问题,查找了一些源码,希望对各位有帮助