【转载】Numpy教程
复制与视图
完全不拷贝
简单的赋值不拷贝数组对象或它们的数据
>>> a = arange(12)
>>> b = a # no new object is created
>>> b is a # a and b are two names for the same ndarray object
True
>>> b.shape = 3,4 # changes the shape of a
>>> a.shape
(3, 4)
视图(view)和浅复制
不同的数组对象分享同一个数据。视图方法创造一个新的数组对象指向同一数据。
>>> c = a.view()
>>> c is a
False
>>> c.base is a # c is a view of the data owned by a
True
>>> c.flags.owndata
False
>>>
>>> c.shape = 2,6 # a's shape doesn't change
>>> a.shape
(3, 4)
>>> c[0,4] = 1234 # a's data changes
>>> a
array([[ 0, 1, 2, 3],
[1234, 5, 6, 7],
[ 8, 9, 10, 11]])
切片数组返回它的一个视图：
>>> s = a[ : , 1:3] # spaces added for clarity; could also be written "s = a[:,1:3]"
>>> s[:] = 10 # s[:] is a view of s. Note the difference between s=10 and s[:]=10
>>> a
array([[ 0, 10, 10, 3],
[1234, 10, 10, 7],
[ 8, 10, 10, 11]])
深复制
这个复制方法完全复制数组和它的数据。
>>> d = a.copy() # a new array object with new data is created
>>> d is a
False
>>> d.base is a # d doesn't share anything with a
False
>>> d[0,0] = 9999
>>> a
array([[ 0, 10, 10, 3],
[1234, 10, 10, 7],
[ 8, 10, 10, 11]])
函数和方法(method)总览
这是个NumPy函数和方法分类排列目录。这些名字链接到 NumPy示例 ,你可以看到这些函数起作用。
创建数组
arange, array, copy, empty, empty_like, eye, fromfile, fromfunction, identity, linspace, logspace, mgrid, ogrid, ones, ones_like, r , zeros, zeros_like
转化
astype, atleast 1d, atleast 2d, atleast 3d, mat
操作
array split, column stack, concatenate, diagonal, dsplit, dstack, hsplit, hstack, item, newaxis, ravel, repeat, reshape, resize, squeeze, swapaxes, take, transpose, vsplit, vstack
询问
all, any, nonzero, where
排序
argmax, argmin, argsort, max, min, ptp, searchsorted, sort
运算
choose, compress, cumprod, cumsum, inner, fill, imag, prod, put, putmask, real, sum
基本统计
cov, mean, std, var
基本线性代数
cross, dot, outer, svd, vdot
ix_()函数
ix_ 函数可以为了获得 多元组 的结果而用来结合不同向量。例如，如果你想要用所有向量a、b和c元素组成的三元组来计算 a+b*c：
>>> a = array([2,3,4,5])
>>> b = array([8,5,4])
>>> c = array([5,4,6,8,3])
>>> ax,bx,cx = ix_(a,b,c)
>>> ax
array([[[2]],
[[3]],
[[4]],
[[5]]])
>>> bx
array([[[8],
[5],
[4]]])
>>> cx
array([[[5, 4, 6, 8, 3]]])
>>> ax.shape, bx.shape, cx.shape
((4, 1, 1), (1, 3, 1), (1, 1, 5))
>>> result = ax+bx*cx
>>> result
array([[[42, 34, 50, 66, 26],
[27, 22, 32, 42, 17],
[22, 18, 26, 34, 14]],
[[43, 35, 51, 67, 27],
[28, 23, 33, 43, 18],
[23, 19, 27, 35, 15]],
[[44, 36, 52, 68, 28],
[29, 24, 34, 44, 19],
[24, 20, 28, 36, 16]],
[[45, 37, 53, 69, 29],
[30, 25, 35, 45, 20],
[25, 21, 29, 37, 17]]])
>>> result[3,2,4]
17
>>> a[3]+b[2]*c[4]
17