Django-Restful框架

1.准备工作

• 安装django框架
• 安装django-rsetful 框架

pip install djangorestframework

2.一个小demo

2.1创建django工程

    django admin startproject restful
    django admin startapp demo

2.2配置restful环境

    修改restful/settings.py
    在INSTALLED_APPS 添加 'rest_framework'

2.3编写model层 /demo/model.py

    from django.db import models

    # Create your models here.
    class User(models.Model):
        username = models.CharField(max_length=20,blank=True)
        password = models.CharField(max_length=20,blank=True)
        def __str__(self):
            return self.username

2.4配置数据库

    python manage.py makemigratons
    python manage.py migrate
    python manage.py createsuperuser

2.5配置后台管理 /demo/admin.py

    from django.contrib import admin
    # Register your models here.
    from demo.models import User

    admin.site.register(User)

此时登陆后台添加一些数据

(图片不清楚可按住Ctrl+鼠标滚轮放大)

2.6编写序列化模块 /demo/serializer.py

    # author: HuYong
    # coding=utf-8
    from rest_framework import serializers

    from demo.models import User


    class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
        class Meta:
            model = User
            fields = ("id","username","password")

序列化联通json与模型层

2.7编写url

2.7.1根url restful/url.py

    from django.conf.urls import include, url
    from django.contrib import admin

    urlpatterns = [
        url(r'^admin/', include(admin.site.urls)),
        url(r'^api/demo/',include('demo.urls')),
    ]

2.7.2APP URL　demo/urls.py

    # author: HuYong
    # coding=utf-8
    from django.conf.urls import url

    from demo import views

    urlpatterns = [
        url(r'^user/$',views.User_list),
        url(r'^user/(?P[0-9]+)/$',views.User_detial),
    ]

2.8编写views层 demo/views.py

    import json

    from django.shortcuts import render

    # Create your views here.
    from rest_framework import status
    from rest_framework.decorators import api_view
    from rest_framework.response import Response

    from demo.models import User
    from demo.serializer import UserSerializer


    @api_view(['GET','POST'])
    def User_list(request):

        if request.method=="GET":
            users = User.objects.all()
            serializer = UserSerializer(users,many=True)
            return Response(serializer.data)

        elif request.method == 'POST':
            print request.body
            serializer = UserSerializer(data=json.loads(request.body))
            if serializer.is_valid():
                serializer.save()
                return Response(serializer.data, status=status.HTTP_201_CREATED)
            else:
                return Response(serializer.errors, status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)


    @api_view(['GET', 'PUT', 'DELETE']) #
    def User_detial(request,pk):
        try:
            user = User.objects.get(pk=pk)
        except User.DoesNotExist:
            return Response(status=status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND)

        if request.method == "GET":
            serializer = UserSerializer(user)
            return Response(serializer.data)

        elif request.method == "PUT":
            serializer = UserSerializer(user,data=json.loads(request.body))
            if serializer.is_valid():
                serializer.save()
                return Response(serializer.data)
            else:
                return Response(serializer.errors,status=status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST)

        elif request.method == "DELETE":
            user.delete()
            return Response(status=status.HTTP_204_NO_CONTENT)

2.9测试

2.9.1获取用户列表

• 浏览器访问http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/demo/user/
  
  这个浏览器访问的界面
• 通过postman来测试，返回的是json数据
  

2.9.2新增数据

• 通过postman来测试
• 简单设置
  
  
• 返回的数据：
  
• 此时获取用户列表栏
  

2.9.3对单个用户的操作

• URL http://127.0.0.1:8000/api/demo/user/4 （id为4的用户）
• 获取用户信息（GET）
  
• 修改用户信息（PUT）
  
  
• 删除用户信息（DELETE）