Android 在应用中使用用户凭证（PIN码、密码）

Android 在应用中使用用户凭证（PIN码、密码）

在Android开发过程需要使用到用户凭证来验证用户身份，验证成功用户才能继续操作。需要注意的是：minSdkVersion 必须大于或等于23，否则APP会报错。
先上效果图（在30s内不操作，点击确认按钮需要进行身份验证）：

以下是activity代码

import android.app.Activity;
import android.app.KeyguardManager;
import android.content.Context;
import android.content.Intent;
import android.os.Bundle;
import android.security.keystore.KeyGenParameterSpec;
import android.security.keystore.KeyPermanentlyInvalidatedException;
import android.security.keystore.KeyProperties;
import android.security.keystore.UserNotAuthenticatedException;
import android.view.View;
import android.widget.Button;
import android.widget.TextView;
import android.widget.Toast;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.security.InvalidAlgorithmParameterException;
import java.security.InvalidKeyException;
import java.security.KeyStore;
import java.security.KeyStoreException;
import java.security.NoSuchAlgorithmException;
import java.security.NoSuchProviderException;
import java.security.UnrecoverableKeyException;
import java.security.cert.CertificateException;

import javax.crypto.BadPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.Cipher;
import javax.crypto.IllegalBlockSizeException;
import javax.crypto.KeyGenerator;
import javax.crypto.NoSuchPaddingException;
import javax.crypto.SecretKey;

public class CertificateActivity extends Activity{
    /** Alias for our key in the Android Key Store. */
    private static final String KEY_NAME = "my_key";
    private static final byte[] SECRET_BYTE_ARRAY = new byte[] {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6};

    private static final int REQUEST_CODE_CONFIRM_DEVICE_CREDENTIALS = 1;

    /**
     * 如果用户在最近的几秒钟内解锁了设备，
     *它可以视为身份验证者。
     */
    private static final int AUTHENTICATION_DURATION_SECONDS = 30;

    private KeyguardManager mKeyguardManager;

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        setContentView(R.layout.activity_certificate);
        mKeyguardManager = (KeyguardManager) getSystemService(Context.KEYGUARD_SERVICE);
        Button purchaseButton = (Button) findViewById(R.id.purchase_button);
        if (!mKeyguardManager.isKeyguardSecure()) {
            // Show a message that the user hasn't set up a lock screen.
            Toast.makeText(this,
                    "没有设置设备锁定密码。\n"
                            + "请去'设置 -> 安全 -> 屏幕锁定' 进行屏幕锁定设置！",
                    Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            purchaseButton.setEnabled(false);
            return;
        }
        createKey();
        findViewById(R.id.purchase_button).setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() {
            @Override
            public void onClick(View v) {
                // Test to encrypt something. It might fail if the timeout expired (30s).
                tryEncrypt();
            }
        });
    }

    /**
     * 尝试使用{@link #createKey}中生成的密钥加密某些数据
     *仅在用户刚刚通过设备凭据进行身份验证时才有效。
     */
    private boolean tryEncrypt() {
        try {
            KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance("AndroidKeyStore");
            keyStore.load(null);
            SecretKey secretKey = (SecretKey) keyStore.getKey(KEY_NAME, null);
            Cipher cipher = Cipher.getInstance(
                    KeyProperties.KEY_ALGORITHM_AES + "/" + KeyProperties.BLOCK_MODE_CBC + "/"
                            + KeyProperties.ENCRYPTION_PADDING_PKCS7);

            // Try encrypting something, it will only work if the user authenticated within
            // the last AUTHENTICATION_DURATION_SECONDS seconds.
            cipher.init(Cipher.ENCRYPT_MODE, secretKey);
            cipher.doFinal(SECRET_BYTE_ARRAY);

            // If the user has recently authenticated, you will reach here.
            showAlreadyAuthenticated();
            return true;
        } catch (UserNotAuthenticatedException e) {
            // User is not authenticated, let's authenticate with device credentials.
            showAuthenticationScreen();
            return false;
        } catch (KeyPermanentlyInvalidatedException e) {
            // This happens if the lock screen has been disabled or reset after the key was
            // generated after the key was generated.
            Toast.makeText(this, "密钥在创建后失效，\n"
                            + e.getMessage(),
                    Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
            return false;
        } catch (BadPaddingException | IllegalBlockSizeException | KeyStoreException |
                CertificateException | UnrecoverableKeyException | IOException
                | NoSuchPaddingException | NoSuchAlgorithmException | InvalidKeyException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException(e);
        }
    }

    /**
     * 在Android密钥存储区中创建对称密钥，该密钥只​​能在用户具有
     *在最近X秒钟内使用设备凭据进行身份验证。
     */
    private void createKey() {
        // Generate a key to decrypt payment credentials, tokens, etc.
        // This will most likely be a registration step for the user when they are setting up your app.
        try {
            KeyStore keyStore = KeyStore.getInstance("AndroidKeyStore");
            keyStore.load(null);
            KeyGenerator keyGenerator = KeyGenerator.getInstance(
                    KeyProperties.KEY_ALGORITHM_AES, "AndroidKeyStore");

            // Set the alias of the entry in Android KeyStore where the key will appear
            // and the constrains (purposes) in the constructor of the Builder
            keyGenerator.init(new KeyGenParameterSpec.Builder(KEY_NAME,
                    KeyProperties.PURPOSE_ENCRYPT | KeyProperties.PURPOSE_DECRYPT)
                    .setBlockModes(KeyProperties.BLOCK_MODE_CBC)
                    .setUserAuthenticationRequired(true)
                    // Require that the user has unlocked in the last 30 seconds
                    .setUserAuthenticationValidityDurationSeconds(AUTHENTICATION_DURATION_SECONDS)
                    .setEncryptionPaddings(KeyProperties.ENCRYPTION_PADDING_PKCS7)
                    .build());
            keyGenerator.generateKey();
        } catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException | NoSuchProviderException
                | InvalidAlgorithmParameterException | KeyStoreException
                | CertificateException | IOException e) {
            throw new RuntimeException("Failed to create a symmetric key", e);
        }
    }

    private void showAuthenticationScreen() {
        // Create the Confirm Credentials screen. You can customize the title and description. Or
        // we will provide a generic one for you if you leave it null
        Intent intent = mKeyguardManager.createConfirmDeviceCredentialIntent(null, null);
        if (intent != null) {
            startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_CODE_CONFIRM_DEVICE_CREDENTIALS);
        }
    }

    @Override
    protected void onActivityResult(int requestCode, int resultCode, Intent data) {
        if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE_CONFIRM_DEVICE_CREDENTIALS) {
            // Challenge completed, proceed with using cipher
            if (resultCode == RESULT_OK) {
                if (tryEncrypt()) {
                    showPurchaseConfirmation();
                }
            } else {
                // The user canceled or didn’t complete the lock screen
                // operation. Go to error/cancellation flow.
                Toast.makeText(this, "Authentication failed.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
            }
        }
    }

    private void showPurchaseConfirmation() {
        findViewById(R.id.confirmation_message).setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
        findViewById(R.id.purchase_button).setEnabled(false);
    }

    private void showAlreadyAuthenticated() {
        TextView textView = (TextView) findViewById(
                R.id.already_has_valid_device_credential_message);
        textView.setVisibility(View.VISIBLE);
        findViewById(R.id.purchase_button).setEnabled(false);
    }
}

这是xml代码