OpenGL纹理数据块

OpenGL纹理贴图渲染主要包含三步:

(1)在绘制前,加载OpenGL纹理资源

  a. 读取bmp宽高值和像素矩阵

  b. 调用glGenTextures获取纹理对象ID

  c. 调用glBindTextures绑定纹理对象ID,使得后续OpenGL指令使用该ID的纹理

  d. 调用glTexImage2D生成纹理

  e. 设置一些OpenGL处理纹理的参数

BOOL LoadGLTextures()			// 载入位图并转换成纹理

{

	int Status=FALSE;            	// 状态指示器

	int w = 0;

	int h = 0;

	unsigned char* pImage=NULL;

	if (ReadBMP("Debug/Data/tree.bmp", pImage, w, h))

	{

		Status=TRUE;		// 将 Status 设为 TRUE

		glGenTextures(1, &texture[0]);	// 创建纹理



		// 使用来自位图数据生成 的典型纹理

		glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[0]);

		// 生成纹理

		glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 3, w, h, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, pImage/*TextureImage[0]->data*/);



		glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GL_LINEAR);	// 线形滤波

		glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,GL_LINEAR);	// 线形滤波

	}



	if (pImage) free(pImage);

	return Status;				// 返回 Status

}

(2)启用纹理映射

glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D);			// 启用纹理映射

(3)场景绘制

  a. 绑定一个纹理对象ID,使得后续OpenGL指令使用该ID的纹理

  b. 设置顶点纹理坐标

int DrawGLScene(GLvoid)

{

	glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT);	// 清除屏幕和深度缓存

	glLoadIdentity();		// 重置当前的模型观察矩阵

	glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[0]);			// 选择纹理



	glBegin(GL_QUADS);

		// 前面

		glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f);	// 纹理和四边形的左下

		glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f);	// 纹理和四边形的右下

		glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f);	// 纹理和四边形的右上

		glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f);	// 纹理和四边形的左上

		// 后面

		glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);	// 纹理和四边形的右下

		glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f);	// 纹理和四边形的右上

		glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f);	// 纹理和四边形的左上

		glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);	// 纹理和四边形的左下

		// 顶面

		glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f);	// 纹理和四边形的左上

		glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f);	// 纹理和四边形的左下

		glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f);	// 纹理和四边形的右下

		glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f);	// 纹理和四边形的右上

		// 底面

		glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);	// 纹理和四边形的右上

		glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);	// 纹理和四边形的左上

		glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f);	// 纹理和四边形的左下

		glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f);	// 纹理和四边形的右下

		// 右面

		glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);	// 纹理和四边形的右下

		glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f);	// 纹理和四边形的右上

		glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f);	// 纹理和四边形的左上

		glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f);	// 纹理和四边形的左下

		// 左面

		glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f);	// 纹理和四边形的左下

		glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f,  1.0f);	// 纹理和四边形的右下

		glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f,  1.0f,  1.0f);	// 纹理和四边形的右上

		glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f,  1.0f, -1.0f);	// 纹理和四边形的左上

	glEnd();

														

	return TRUE;

}

绘制的结果如下图(立方体):

OpenGL纹理数据块

++++

读取BMP像素要注意的是(关于BMP格式请参考这篇文章):

(1) 贴图的长宽应相等,且为2的n次方[n>0&&n<10]

(2) 去除BMP文件中每行末尾要求的4字节对齐的无效像素(保持数据紧密)

(3) 将每个像素按RGB顺序存放,而BMP为BGR存放;因此,需要交换R和B的值

代码如下(以24位BMP为例):

bool ReadBMP(CHAR *Filename, unsigned char*& pImage, int& w, int& h)

{

	FILE* pBmpFile = fopen(Filename, "rb");

	if (!pBmpFile) return false;



	BITMAPFILEHEADER filehdr;

	BITMAPINFOHEADER infohdr;



	fread(&filehdr, 1, sizeof(filehdr), pBmpFile);     

	fread(&infohdr, 1, sizeof(infohdr), pBmpFile);    



	unsigned tmpImaLength = filehdr.bfSize - filehdr.bfOffBits;

	unsigned char* pTmpIma = new unsigned char[tmpImaLength];

	fseek(pBmpFile, filehdr.bfOffBits, SEEK_SET);   

	fread(pTmpIma, 1, tmpImaLength, pBmpFile);



	w = infohdr.biWidth;

	h = infohdr.biHeight;

	unsigned __int64 imageLength = (unsigned __int64)3*w*h;

	pImage = new unsigned char[imageLength];



	unsigned idx = 0;

	unsigned bmpIdx = 0;

	for (long i=0; i<infohdr.biHeight; i++)

	{

		for (long j=0; j<infohdr.biWidth; j++)

		{

			pImage[idx]   = pTmpIma[bmpIdx+2];

			pImage[idx+1] = pTmpIma[bmpIdx+1];

			pImage[idx+2] = pTmpIma[bmpIdx];

			bmpIdx += 3;

			idx    += 3;

		}

		long lineLeftByte = (3*infohdr.biWidth)%4;

		if (lineLeftByte>0)	bmpIdx += (4-lineLeftByte);

	}



	delete [] pTmpIma;

	fclose(pBmpFile);

	return true;

}

为了避免这些麻烦,可以使用OpenGL提供的auxDIBImageLoadA来读BMP图片。

AUX_RGBImageRec *TextureImage[1];	// 创建纹理的存储空间

memset(TextureImage,0,sizeof(void *)*1);

TextureImage[0] = auxDIBImageLoadA(Filename);

生成纹理之后,记得要把TexureImage[0]->data和TexureImage[0]的堆内存free掉!

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