redux介绍
redux给我们暴露了这几个方法
{
createStore,
combineReducers,
bindActionCreators,
applyMiddleware,
compose
}
我们来依次介绍下
createStore
创建一个store的写法:
let store = createStore(reducer, preloadedState, enhancer);
createStore中的三个参数reducer, preloadedState, enhancer,后面两个是可选参数,
当我们只传两个参数,并且第二个参数是函数时,例如:
let store = createStore(reducer, enhancer);
通过阅读源码这段
if (typeof preloadedState === 'function' && typeof enhancer === 'undefined') {
enhancer = preloadedState
preloadedState = undefined
}
我们知道,上面的createStore会被改写成这样:
createStore(educer, undefined, enhancer)
再通过阅读源码这段:
if (typeof enhancer !== 'undefined') {
if (typeof enhancer !== 'function') {
throw new Error('Expected the enhancer to be a function.')
}
return enhancer(createStore)(reducer, preloadedState)
}
会发现原来的调用方式再次发生了改变,变成了以下这种方式
enhancer(createStore)(reducer, undefined)
所以实例化一个createStore方法,以下两种是等价的:
第一种
const store = createStore(reducers, applyMiddleware(routeMiddleware, sagaMiddleware, postRedirectMiddleware, pageSizeMiddleware));
第二种
const store = applyMiddleware(routeMiddleware, sagaMiddleware, postRedirectMiddleware, pageSizeMiddleware)(createStore)(reducers);
最后,返回的store对象提供了以下几个方法给我们使用
dispatch,
subscribe,
getState,
replaceReducer,
getState用来获取currentState,也就是总state值
subscribe注册多个监听函数,这些函数在开发者调用dispatch时会依次执行
dispatch的入参是一个对象action,直接会执行reducer(action)方法,并且批量执行subscribe监听的内容,dispatch执行结束后会返回一个action
replaceReducer替换当前的reducer,这个方法在异步的单应用中可以使用利用起来,例如,我们不想一次性将所有的reducer交给createStore初始化,而是当异步获取某个页面时,再将这个页面的reducer加上之前的旧reducer,通过replaceReducer方法来替换成最新的。这样做的好处是,devtools里的redux工具不会展示那么多的信息,只会展示访问过页面的信息,更有利于我们的开发,当然了由于reducer的减少,store的体积也会变小,页面执行速度更快。
combineReducers
源码
export default function combineReducers(reducers) {
const reducerKeys = Object.keys(reducers)
const finalReducers = {}
for (let i = 0; i < reducerKeys.length; i++) {
const key = reducerKeys[i]
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
if (typeof reducers[key] === 'undefined') {
warning(`No reducer provided for key "${key}"`)
}
}
if (typeof reducers[key] === 'function') {
finalReducers[key] = reducers[key]
}
}
const finalReducerKeys = Object.keys(finalReducers)
let unexpectedKeyCache
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
unexpectedKeyCache = {}
}
let shapeAssertionError
try {
assertReducerShape(finalReducers)
} catch (e) {
shapeAssertionError = e
}
return function combination(state = {}, action) {
if (shapeAssertionError) {
throw shapeAssertionError
}
if (process.env.NODE_ENV !== 'production') {
const warningMessage = getUnexpectedStateShapeWarningMessage(
state,
finalReducers,
action,
unexpectedKeyCache
)
if (warningMessage) {
warning(warningMessage)
}
}
let hasChanged = false
const nextState = {}
for (let i = 0; i < finalReducerKeys.length; i++) {
const key = finalReducerKeys[i]
const reducer = finalReducers[key]
const previousStateForKey = state[key]
const nextStateForKey = reducer(previousStateForKey, action)
if (typeof nextStateForKey === 'undefined') {
const errorMessage = getUndefinedStateErrorMessage(key, action)
throw new Error(errorMessage)
}
nextState[key] = nextStateForKey
hasChanged = hasChanged || nextStateForKey !== previousStateForKey
}
return hasChanged ? nextState : state
}
}
通常我们会这样使用
combineReducers({
a:reducer1,
b:reducer2
})
reducer1是一个函数,而combineReducers返回的任然是一个函数,只不过将每个reducer都遍历了一遍,最后返回的数据结构为
{
a:state1,
b:state2
}
而如果我们把a跟b替换成了一个唯一的路径path,这个path跟项目中每个页面的文件夹对应起来,例如:
combineReducers({
'component/page1/info/':reducer1,
'component/page2/user/':reducer2
})
而在取state数据的时候这样来取
state['component/page1/info/']是不是就可以通过文件夹路径实现模块化了,当然了我们离模块化还差一小步,就是不用人工来写路径path,而是交给构建工具(webpack的loader)来遍历完成。
compose
源码
export default function compose(...funcs) {
if (funcs.length === 0) {
return arg => arg
}
if (funcs.length === 1) {
return funcs[0]
}
return funcs.reduce((a, b) => (...args) => a(b(...args)))
}
个人觉得compose(a,b,c)(d)后的代码就是a(b(c(d))),compose后返回的任然是一个函数,可以接受参数,compose在后面介绍的代码中有所涉及。
applyMiddleware
源码
export default function applyMiddleware(...middlewares) {
return createStore => (...args) => {
const store = createStore(...args)
let dispatch = () => {
throw new Error(
`Dispatching while constructing your middleware is not allowed. ` +
`Other middleware would not be applied to this dispatch.`
)
}
let chain = []
const middlewareAPI = {
getState: store.getState,
dispatch: (...args) => dispatch(...args)
}
chain = middlewares.map(middleware => middleware(middlewareAPI))
dispatch = compose(...chain)(store.dispatch)
return {
...store,
dispatch
}
}
}
创建一个store的方法:
let store = applyMiddleware(middleware1,middleware2,middleware3)(createStore)(reducers)
中间件middleware1的代码
function middleware1({ getState }) {
return (next) => (action) => {
console.log('will dispatch', action)
let returnValue = next(action)
console.log('state after dispatch', getState())
return returnValue
}
}
applyMiddleware传入的参数为多个中间件,中间件的作用是在执行reducers中的switch之前,先执行中间件中的代码。
对应源码中的参数来讲的话,
实例参数middleware1、middleware2就相当于源码入参...middlewares,
实例参数createStore对应着源码入参createStore,
实例参数reducers对应着源码入参...args。
源码中的
const store = createStore(...args)
获取store对象供后面使用,middlewareAPI里的getState对应着store对象里的getState,getState()方法可以获取currentState,也就是redux对象树的总数据。
chain = middlewares.map(middleware => middleware(middlewareAPI))
middlewareAPI提供了getState这个方法,供中间件获取currenState,这时候chain获取的数组是一个返回值为函数的函数。
下面这行代码比较精彩
dispatch = compose(...chain)(store.dispatch)
首先将最原始的store.dispatch方法作为入参,
dispatch(action)
就相当于
compose(...chain)(store.dispatch)(action),
同时也相当于
middleware1(middleware2(middleware3((store.dispatch))))(action),
当然这里的middleware1是已经只剩下闭包内的两层函数不是原来的三层函数体。
最先执行的是middleware1,
返回了next(action),
也就相当于
middleware2(middleware3((store.dispatch)))(action),
执行完后返回next(action)
就相当于middleware3((store.dispatch))(action),
执行完后返回next(action)
就相当于store.dispatch(action)
整个过程我们已经弄清楚了,applyMiddleware中间件的执行过程就是不断的next(action),
而只有最后的next才是执行dispatch,之前的next只代表的传递其他中间件,dispatch方法只在最后一个中间件里执行了一次。
个人觉得这个地方结合了compose之后写的比较精彩,而且设计的非常巧妙。