OkHttp3简单的使用说明和Cookie自动化管理管理

OkHttp3是Java和Android都能用并且进行了个种功能的封装


引入

    compile 'com.squareup.okhttp3:okhttp:3.6.0'

初始化
mOkHttpClient = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
                .connectTimeout(60, TimeUnit.SECONDS)
                .authenticator(new Authenticator()
                {
                    @Override
                    public Request authenticate(Route route, Response response) throws IOException
                    {//401,认证
                        String credential = Credentials.basic("zyao89", "password1");
                        return response.request().newBuilder().header("Authorization", credential).build();
                    }
                })
                .cookieJar(new CookieJar()
                {//这里可以做cookie传递,保存等操作
                    @Override
                    public void saveFromResponse(HttpUrl url, List cookies)
                    {//可以做保存cookies操作
                        System.out.println("cookies url: " + url.toString());
                        for (Cookie cookie : cookies)
                        {
                            System.out.println("cookies: " + cookie.toString());
                        }
                    }
                    @Override
                    public List loadForRequest(HttpUrl url)
                    {//加载新的cookies
                        ArrayList cookies = new ArrayList<>();
                        Cookie cookie = new Cookie.Builder()
                                .hostOnlyDomain(url.host())
                                .name("SESSION").value("zyao89")
                                .build();
                        cookies.add(cookie);
                        return cookies;
                    }
                })
                .build();


authenticator()  此方法可进行请求认证操作。
cookieJar ()  次方法可进行cookies保留,和自定义cookies。(可用于存储sessionID等信息,保存链接身份)
Get请求
异步
public void get()
    {
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url("http://200.200.200.182:9999/login")
                .build();
        Call call = mOkHttpClient.newCall(request);
        call.enqueue(getCallback());
    }

/**
     * 请求回调
     * @return
     */
    private Callback getCallback()
    {
        return new Callback()
        {//子线程回调
            @Override
            public void onResponse(Call call, Response response)
            {
                printLogCat("Code: " + response.code());
                printLogCat("Message: " + response.message());
                if (response.isSuccessful())
                {
                    try
                    {
                        printLogCat("Body: " + response.body().string());
                    }
                    catch (IOException e)
                    {
                        e.printStackTrace();
                        printLogCat("ERROR: " + "response'body is error");
                    }
                }
                else
                {
                    printLogCat("ERROR: " + "okHttp is request error");
                }
                printLogCat("");
            }
            @Override
            public void onFailure(Call call, IOException e)
            {
                printLogCat("ERROR: " + e.getMessage());
                printLogCat("");
            }
        };
    }

同步
public void getSyc()
    {
        new Thread(new Runnable() {
            @Override
            public void run()
            {
                Request request = new Request.Builder()
                        .url("http://200.200.200.182:9999/login")
                        .build();
                Call call = mOkHttpClient.newCall(request);
                try
                {
                    Response response = call.execute();
                    sycCallback(response);
                }
                catch (IOException e)
                {
                    e.printStackTrace();
                }
            }
        }).start();
    }

private void sycCallback(Response response)
    {
        printLogCat("Code: " + response.code());
        printLogCat("Message: " + response.message());
        if (response.isSuccessful())
        {
            try
            {
                printLogCat("Body: " + response.body().string());
            }
            catch (IOException e)
            {
                e.printStackTrace();
                printLogCat("ERROR: " + "response'body is error");
            }
        }
        else
        {
            printLogCat("ERROR: " + "okHttp is request error");
        }
        printLogCat("");
    }

response的body有很多种输出方法,string()只是其中之一,注意是string()不是toString()。如果是下载文件就是response.body().bytes()
另外可以根据response.code()获取返回的状态码。


Post请求

同步异步都与get方法一致,后面提供异步栗子:


public void post()
    {
        String data = "{/"username/" : /"admin/", /"password/" : /"12345/"}";
        RequestBody requestBody = RequestBody.create(JSON, data);
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url("http://200.200.200.182:9999/login")
                .post(requestBody)
                .build();
        Call call = mOkHttpClient.newCall(request);
        call.enqueue(getCallback());
    }

RequestBody的数据格式都要指定Content-Type,常见的有:


application/x-www-form-urlencoded 数据是个普通表单
multipart/form-data 数据里有文件
application/json 数据是个Json
text/x-markdown 文本MarkDown

除了RequestBody,也可用FormBody(继承于RequestBody),如:


RequestBody formBody = new FormBody.Builder()
                .add("username", "admin2")
                .add("password", "12222333")
                .add("message", "zyao89")
                .build();

从源码中可看到,FormBody中已指定Content-Type格式为application/x-www-form-urlencoded


private static final MediaType CONTENT_TYPE =
      MediaType.parse("application/x-www-form-urlencoded");

假如是个Json数据,则:


private static final MediaType JSON = 
      MediaType.parse("application/json; charset=utf-8");

图片文件数据,则:


public void postFile(File file)
    {
        MultipartBody multipartBody = new MultipartBody.Builder()
                .setType(MultipartBody.FORM)
                .addFormDataPart("file", file.getName(), RequestBody.create(MediaType.parse("image/png"), file))
                .build();
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url("http://200.200.200.182:9999/file")
                .post(multipartBody)
                .build();
        Call call = mOkHttpClient.newCall(request);
        call.enqueue(getCallback());
    }

MultipartBody也是继承了RequestBody,从源码可知它适用于这五种Content-Type:


  public static final MediaType MIXED = MediaType.parse("multipart/mixed");
  public static final MediaType ALTERNATIVE = MediaType.parse("multipart/alternative");
  public static final MediaType DIGEST = MediaType.parse("multipart/digest");
  public static final MediaType PARALLEL = MediaType.parse("multipart/parallel");
  public static final MediaType FORM = MediaType.parse("multipart/form-data");

MediaType类型可参考W3Scholl MIME 参考手册


PUT / DELETE 等其它请求

这里只对PUT举个栗子,其它类型差不多。


    public void put()
    {
        FormBody formBody = new FormBody.Builder()
                .add("username", "admin2")
                .add("password", "12222333")
                .add("message", "zyao89")
                .build();
        Request request = new Request.Builder()
                .url("http://200.200.200.182:9999/put")
                .header("Accept", "application/json; q=0.5")//添加请求头,方式一
                .addHeader("Accept", "*")//添加请求头,方式二
                .put(formBody)
                .build();
        Call call = mOkHttpClient.newCall(request);
        call.enqueue(getCallback());
    }

上面栗子中,Request在创建时,可自行增加header请求头:


.header("Accept", "application/json; q=0.5")//添加请求头,方式一
.addHeader("Accept", "*")//添加请求头,方式二

客户端Cookie 与 服务器Session 自动管理

业务中经常出现客户端登录请求结束后,服务端会返回一个带有唯一登录认证信息Session的Response,其中Session就藏在Cookie中,那么如何让下一次Request请求创建时,可以将这个认证信息放入其中呢?


OkHttp为我们提供了简便的管理方法,可自动携带,保存和更新Cookie信息;方法如下:


//cookie存储
private ConcurrentHashMap> cookieStore = new ConcurrentHashMap<>();
mOkHttpClient = new OkHttpClient.Builder()
                .cookieJar(new CookieJar()
                {//这里可以做cookie传递,保存等操作
                    @Override
                    public void saveFromResponse(HttpUrl url, List cookies)
                    {//可以做保存cookies操作
                        cookieStore.put(url.host(), cookies);
                    }
                    @Override
                    public List loadForRequest(HttpUrl url)
                    {//加载新的cookies
                        List cookies = cookieStore.get(url.host());
                        return cookies != null ? cookies : new ArrayList();
                    }
                })
                .build();

如此设置后,在同一个域名地址情况下,发送Request都不用管理Cookie了,并且可以通过cookieStore获取已存储的Cookie,如此可达到自动管理。


Demo演示图

你可能感兴趣的:(OkHttp3简单的使用说明和Cookie自动化管理管理)