2018-05-22 CSS如何居中

本文翻译自CSS Tricks 中关于居中的相关介绍。

1、水平居中

  • 内联元素的水平居中(如链接或文本)

可以在一个块级别的父元素中水平地居中内联元素,只需:

.center-children {
  text-align: center;
}

注:这种写法适用于inline, inline-block, inline-table, inline-flex等等。
代码示例:
=> html代码

This text is centered.

=> css代码

body {
  background: #f06d06;
}

header, nav {
  text-align: center;
  background: white;
  margin: 20px 0;
  padding: 10px;
}

nav a {
  text-decoration: none;
  background: #333;
  border-radius: 5px;
  color: white;
  padding: 3px 8px;
}

=> 效果图


2018-05-22 CSS如何居中_第1张图片
内联元素水平居中
  • 块级元素水平居中

可以通过给它设置margin-leftmargin-rightauto (并且该元素需有width属性,否则它将占满整行,无法居中)来居中一个块级元素。通常用这样的速记法来做:

.center-me {
  margin: 0 auto;
}

注:无论您所处的块级别元素的宽度是多少,还是父节点,这都是可行的。
注意:你不能浮动一个元素到水平居中的位置 ,不过有一个小技巧(本文不再详述,可点击链接自行查看).
代码示例:
=> html代码

I'm a block level element and am centered.

=> css代码

body {
  background: #f06d06;
}

main {
  background: white;
  margin: 20px 0;
  padding: 10px;
}

.center {
  margin: 0 auto;
  width: 200px;
  background: black;
  padding: 20px;
  color: white;
}

=> 效果图


2018-05-22 CSS如何居中_第2张图片
块级元素居中
  • 两个及以上的多个块级元素水平居中

如果您有两个或多个块级别的元素,它们需要在一行中水平居中,那么最好将它们作为不同的display。比如设置其为display:inline-block

代码示例1:
注:下面的示例中,inline-block-center的

标签中,是把父元素设置text-align:center,子元素设置display:inline-block
flex-center的
标签中,使用了CSS3中新增的弹性盒子(附带MDN相关介绍)是把父元素设置display: flex;justify-content: center;
=>html代码

I'm an element that is block-like with my siblings and we're centered in a row.
I'm an element that is block-like with my siblings and we're centered in a row. I have more content in me than my siblings do.
I'm an element that is block-like with my siblings and we're centered in a row.
I'm an element that is block-like with my siblings and we're centered in a row.
I'm an element that is block-like with my siblings and we're centered in a row. I have more content in me than my siblings do.
I'm an element that is block-like with my siblings and we're centered in a row.

=>css代码

body {
  background: #f06d06;
  font-size: 80%;
}

main {
  background: white;
  margin: 20px 0;
  padding: 10px;
}

main div {
  background: black;
  color: white;
  padding: 15px;
  max-width: 125px;
  margin: 5px;
}

.inline-block-center {
  text-align: center;
}
.inline-block-center div {
  display: inline-block;
  text-align: left;
}

.flex-center {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
}

=>效果图


2018-05-22 CSS如何居中_第3张图片
多个块级元素水平居中

代码示例2:
注:下面的例子中,表现的是你有多个块级元素堆叠在一起,在这种情况下,自动边距(即margin:0 auto)仍然很好。即多个块级元素不需要在一行显示,居中的方法仍使用margin:0 auto
=>html代码

I'm an element that is block-like with my siblings and we're centered in a row.
I'm an element that is block-like with my siblings and we're centered in a row. I have more content in me than my siblings do.
I'm an element that is block-like with my siblings and we're centered in a row.

=>css代码

body {
  background: #f06d06;
  font-size: 80%;
}

main {
  background: white;
  margin: 20px 0;
  padding: 10px;
}

main div {
  background: black;
  margin: 0 auto;
  color: white;
  padding: 15px;
  margin: 5px auto;
}

main div:nth-child(1) {
  width: 200px;
}
main div:nth-child(2) {
  width: 400px;
}
main div:nth-child(3) {
  width: 125px;
}

=>效果图


2018-05-22 CSS如何居中_第4张图片

2、垂直居中

  • 2.1 内联元素垂直居中

2.1.1 单行内联元素垂直居中
代码示例1:
单行内联元素使用上下相同的padding造成垂直居中的效果

.link {
  padding-top: 30px;
  padding-bottom: 30px;
}

=>效果图


2018-05-22 CSS如何居中_第5张图片
使用padding垂直居中

代码示例2:
当某些情况下,不适合使用padding填充时,可以让其文本的行高=父元素的高度达到垂直居中的效果。
=>html代码

I'm a centered line.

=>css代码

body {
  background: #f06d06;
  font-size: 80%;
}

main {
  background: white;
  margin: 20px 0;
  padding: 40px;
}

main div {
  background: black;
  color: white;
  height: 100px;
  line-height: 100px;
  padding: 20px;
  width: 50%;
  white-space: nowrap;
}

=>效果图


2018-05-22 CSS如何居中_第6张图片
使用行高垂直居中

2.1.2 多行内联元素垂直居中
代码示例1:
使用表格布局居中(基本过时的用法)
注:下面的例子中,第一个效果图展示的是直接使用

标签(其
标签默认垂直居中),第二个效果图展示的是父元素
设置display:table,子元素

设置display: table-cell;vertical-align: middle;
=>html代码

I'm vertically centered multiple lines of text in a real table cell.

I'm vertically centered multiple lines of text in a CSS-created table layout.

=>css代码

body {
  background: #f06d06;
  font-size: 80%;
}

table {
  background: white;
  width: 240px;
  border-collapse: separate;
  margin: 20px;
  height: 250px;
}

table td {
  background: black;
  color: white;
  padding: 20px;
  border: 10px solid white;
  /* default is vertical-align: middle; */
}

.center-table {
  display: table;
  height: 250px;
  background: white;
  width: 240px;
  margin: 20px;
}
.center-table p {
  display: table-cell;
  margin: 0;
  background: black;
  color: white;
  padding: 20px;
  border: 10px solid white;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

=>效果图


2018-05-22 CSS如何居中_第7张图片
table布局
2018-05-22 CSS如何居中_第8张图片
display:table布局

代码示例2:
使用flexbox来垂直居中。
精简CSS代码如下:

.flex-center-vertically {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  flex-direction: column;
  height: 400px;
}
具体示例:

=>html代码

I'm vertically centered multiple lines of text in a flexbox container.

=>css代码

body {
  background: #f06d06;
  font-size: 80%;
}

div {
  background: white;
  width: 240px;
  margin: 20px;
}

.flex-center {
  background: black;
  color: white;
  border: 10px solid white;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  height: 200px;
  resize: vertical;
  overflow: auto;
}
.flex-center p {
  margin: 0;
  padding: 20px;
}

=>效果图


2018-05-22 CSS如何居中_第9张图片
flexbox垂直居中

代码示例3:
使用伪元素来垂直居中。
精简CSS代码如下:

.ghost-center {
  position: relative;
}
.ghost-center::before {
  content: " ";
  display: inline-block;
  height: 100%;
  width: 1%;
  vertical-align: middle;
}
.ghost-center p {
  display: inline-block;
  vertical-align: middle;
}

=>html代码

I'm vertically centered multiple lines of text in a container. Centered with a ghost pseudo element

=>css代码

body {
  background: #f06d06;
  font-size: 80%;
}

div {
  background: white;
  width: 240px;
  height: 200px;
  margin: 20px;
  color: white;
  resize: vertical;
  overflow: auto;
  padding: 20px;
}

.ghost-center {
  position: relative;
}
.ghost-center::before {
  content: " ";
  display: inline-block;
  height: 100%;
  width: 1%;
  vertical-align: middle;
}
.ghost-center p {
  display: inline-block;
  vertical-align: middle;
  width: 190px;
  margin: 0;
  padding: 20px;
  background: black;
}

=>效果图


2018-05-22 CSS如何居中_第10张图片
伪元素垂直居中
  • 2.2 块级元素垂直居中

不知道网页布局的高度是很常见的,原因有很多:如果宽度改变,文本流会改变高度。文本样式的差异可以改变高度。文本数量的差异可以改变高度。具有固定宽宽比的元素,如图像,可以在重置宽高时改变高度等等。
但是如果你已经知道高度,就可以这样:

2.2.1 块级元素的高度已知/确定
即设置子元素相对于父元素绝对定位,子元素设置top:50%,并设置margin-top为负的子元素自身高度的一半。

.parent {
  position: relative;
}
.child {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  height: 100px;
  margin-top: -50px; /* account for padding and border if not using box-sizing: border-box; */
}

代码示例:
注:
=>html代码

I'm a block-level element with a fixed height, centered vertically within my parent.

=>css代码

body {
  background: #f06d06;
  font-size: 80%;
}

main {
  background: white;
  height: 300px;
  margin: 20px;
  width: 300px;
  position: relative;
  resize: vertical;
  overflow: auto;
}

main div {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: 20px;
  right: 20px;
  height: 100px;
  margin-top: -70px;
  background: black;
  color: white;
  padding: 20px;
}

=>效果图


2018-05-22 CSS如何居中_第11张图片

2.2.2 块级元素的高度未知/不确定
它仍然可以通过将它的一半高度推到一半的高度来居中,即设置子元素transform: translateY(-50%); ,即:

.parent {
  position: relative;
}
.child {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
}

=>html代码

I'm a block-level element with an unknown height, centered vertically within my parent.

=>css代码

body {
  background: #f06d06;
  font-size: 80%;
}

main {
  background: white;
  height: 300px;
  margin: 20px;
  width: 300px;
  position: relative;
  resize: vertical;
  overflow: auto;
}

main div {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: 20px;
  right: 20px;
  background: black;
  color: white;
  padding: 20px;
  transform: translateY(-50%);
  resize: vertical;
  overflow: auto;
}

=>效果图


2018-05-22 CSS如何居中_第12张图片

2.2.3 使用display:flex布局
即:

.parent {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
}

=>html代码

I'm a block-level element with an unknown height, centered vertically within my parent.

=>css代码

body {
  background: #f06d06;
  font-size: 80%;
}

main {
  background: white;
  height: 300px;
  width: 200px;
  padding: 20px;
  margin: 20px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  justify-content: center;
  resize: vertical;
  overflow: auto;
}

main div {
  background: black;
  color: white;
  padding: 20px;
  resize: vertical;
  overflow: auto;
}

=>效果图


2018-05-22 CSS如何居中_第13张图片

3、水平居中+垂直居中

  • 固定宽高的元素

使用负的margin等于宽度和高度的一半,在你完全定位50%/50%之后,它会以巨大的跨浏览器支持为中心,即:

.parent {
  position: relative;
}

.child {
  width: 300px;
  height: 100px;
  padding: 20px;

  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: 50%;

  margin: -70px 0 0 -170px;
}

代码示例:
=>html代码

I'm a block-level element a fixed height and width, centered vertically within my parent.

=>css代码

body {
  background: #f06d06;
  font-size: 80%;
  padding: 20px;
}

main {
  position: relative;
  background: white;
  height: 200px;
  width: 60%;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 20px;
  resize: both;
  overflow: auto;
}

main div {
  background: black;
  color: white;
  width: 200px;
  height: 100px;
  margin: -70px 0 0 -120px;
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: 50%;
  padding: 20px;
}

=>效果图


2018-05-22 CSS如何居中_第14张图片
  • 宽高未知的元素

如果你不知道宽度和高度,你可以使用transform属性和在两个方向上的负translate(它基于当前元素的宽度/高度)到中心,即:

.parent {
  position: relative;
}
.child {
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: 50%;
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
}

代码示例:
=>html代码

I'm a block-level element of an unknown height and width, centered vertically within my parent.

=>css代码

body {
  background: #f06d06;
  font-size: 80%;
  padding: 20px;
}

main {
  position: relative;
  background: white;
  height: 200px;
  width: 60%;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 20px;
  resize: both;
  overflow: auto;
}

main div {
  background: black;
  color: white;
  width: 50%;
  transform: translate(-50%, -50%);
  position: absolute;
  top: 50%;
  left: 50%;
  padding: 20px;
  resize: both;
  overflow: auto;
}

=>效果图


2018-05-22 CSS如何居中_第15张图片
  • 使用flexbox居中

要用flexbox向两个方向居中,你需要使用两个中心属性,即:

.parent {
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
}

=>html代码

I'm a block-level-ish element of an unknown width and height, centered vertically within my parent.

=>css代码

body {
  background: #f06d06;
  font-size: 80%;
  padding: 20px;
}

main {
  background: white;
  height: 200px;
  width: 60%;
  margin: 0 auto;
  padding: 20px;
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  resize: both;
  overflow: auto;
}

main div {
  background: black;
  color: white;
  width: 50%;
  padding: 20px;
  resize: both;
  overflow: auto;
}

=>效果图


2018-05-22 CSS如何居中_第16张图片
  • 使用grid居中

这只是一个非常有效的小技巧(由Lance Janssen上传)
=>html代码

I'm centered!

=>css代码

.wrapper{
  height:300px;
  width:300px;
  border:1px solid red;
  display: grid;
}
span {
  margin: auto;
}

=>效果图


2018-05-22 CSS如何居中_第17张图片

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