Introducing the Iceman
介绍了冰人
One of the most interesting people in history is probably someone you have never heard of. 历史上最有趣的人之一可能是你从未听说过的人。
We will call him "Iceman" because his body was frozen in ice for several thousand years. 我们叫他“冰人”，因为他的身体在冰里冻了几千年。
His body was discovered in 1991 by two hikes in the mountains near the border of Austria and Italy. 1991年，他的尸体在奥地利和意大利边境附近的山区两次徒步旅行中被发现。
The lower part of his body was still frozen in ice, but the upper part was uncovered and visible. 他的下半身仍然冻在冰里，但上半身却露了出来。
Once the body was extracted from the ice, it was taken in for examination. 一旦尸体被从冰中取出来，就会进行检查。
Upon examination, scientists determined that the Iceman lived around 5300 years ago. 经过研究，科学家们确定冰人生活在5300年前。
This was at the end of the Stone Age, nearly 1000 years before the great pyramids were built. 那是在石器时代的末期，比建造大金字塔早了近1000年。
This made him the oldest mummy ever found. 这使他成为迄今为止发现的年龄最大的木乃伊。
What had to happen before the body could be examined ? it had be extracted from the ice 在对尸体进行检查之前发生了什么?它是从冰中提取的
Which part of body was uncovered and visible? the upper part 身体的哪一部分被发现并可见?上部
Iceman's body was in good condition when it was found. 冰人的尸体被发现时状况良好。
People believed that the body was one of many hikers who had been lost in recent years. 人们认为，这具尸体是近年来许多迷路的徒步旅行者之一。
Nobody suspected that the body was as old as it was. 没有人怀疑这具尸体有那么古老。
It had been preserved by the ice for thousands of years. 它被冰保存了数千年。
Given its good condition, studying it was like opening a window in time. 考虑到它的良好条件，研究它就像及时打开一扇窗户。
Scientists could learn a lot about how people lived 5000 years ago. 科学家可以了解5000年前人们是如何生活的。
Why was the body in such good condition when it was found? It had been preserved in the ice. 为什么尸体被发现时状况如此之好?它被保存在冰里。
The Iceman lived at the end of the Stone Age, a time of great change in human history. 冰人生活在石器时代的末期，这是人类历史上发生巨大变化的时期。
Hunting was still a major source of food, but people were beginning to farm. 狩猎仍然是主要的食物来源，但人们开始耕种。
People were settling down and forming communities. 人们定居下来，组成社区。
These communities were claiming territory and setting up boundaries. 这些社区声称拥有领土并设立边界。
As a result, sometimes they had to fight to defend their territory from outsiders. 因此，有时他们不得不战斗来保卫自己的领土不受外人侵犯。
The village where the Iceman lived was probably not far from where he died. 那个冰人住的村子可能离他死的地方不远。
Perhaps he was killed in a battle with outsiders. 也许他是在与外来者的战斗中阵亡的。
What was still a major source of food at the end of the Stone Age? hunting 在石器时代末期，什么仍然是主要的食物来源?狩猎
Why did people have to fight outsiders? to defend their territory 为什么人们要与外人作战?保卫他们的领土
Why did people need to claim territory? they were settling down to farm 为什么人们需要宣称领土主权?他们正定居下来种地
It was in good condition because it had been preserved by the ice. 它保存得很好，因为它被冰保存了下来。
Death of the Iceman
冰人之死
Iceman was about 45 years old when he died.冰人去世时大约45岁。
He was 1.60 meters tall and weighed about 50 kilograms when he was alive.他身高1.60米，生前体重约50公斤。
Along with the body were some other objects.除了身体，还有其他一些物体。
These included some weapons, including a bow and arrow, a knife and an ax.这些包括一些武器，包括弓和箭，一把刀和一把斧头。
He was still wearing one of his shoes and he had a backpack with a wooden frame.他还穿着一只鞋，背着一个木框背包。
What was one of the weapons that was found with his body? a bow and arrow在他的尸体中发现的武器是什么?弓箭
He also had some plants that may have been used for medical purposes. 他也有一些植物可能用于医疗目的。
Further examination of the body showed that he was well fed, with a diet of meat, bread and fruit. 进一步的身体检查显示他吃得很好，只吃肉、面包和水果。
In fact, he had eaten several meals within a few hours of his death.事实上，在他死后的几个小时内，他已经吃了好几顿饭
From all the evidence, he probably had a good life.从所有的证据来看，他可能过得很好。
Perhaps he was hunting for food when he was caught in a sudden storm.也许他在寻找食物时突然遇上了暴风雨。
The plans that he had may have been used what purpose? for medical purposes他所使用的计划可能是为了什么目的?医学的目的
For several years after the discovery of the body, scientists believed that he died from the cold.在发现尸体的几年后，科学家们认为他是死于寒冷
Weather is unpredictable in the area where he was found, so perhaps he was caught in an unexpected storm.在他被发现的地方，天气是无法预测的，所以他可能遇到了一场意想不到的暴风雨
However, ten years after his body was found, new evidence pointed to a new cause of death.然而，在他的尸体被发现10年后，新的证据指向了一个新的死因。
In 2001, examiners x-rayed the body and found an arrowhead deep in the Iceman's chest.2001年，检查人员对冰人的尸体进行了x光检查，发现冰人胸部深处有一个箭头。
Further analysis revealed that the Iceman had been shot from behind.进一步的分析表明，冰人是从后面被射杀的。
The arrow had cut through an artery and had caused severe bleeding.箭刺穿了动脉，造成了严重的出血。
Clearly, it was a case of murder, the oldest case of murder ever discovered.很明显，这是一起谋杀案，有史以来最古老的谋杀案。
What new evidence was found for the cause of death? an arrowhead in his chest 发现了什么新的死亡原因的证据?他胸前有个箭头
He ate several meals within a few hours of his death.他死后几小时内吃了好几顿饭。