5.25

原句

The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing, first by national journals in the nineteenth century and then by several local geological journals in the twentieth century.（Text1. 2001）

overall / ˌəuvərˈɔ:l / adj.总体的

entrance / ˈentrəns / n.入口；进入权

professional / prəˈfeʃənl / adj.职业的；专业的

journal / ˈdʒə:nl / n.(某学科或专业的)报纸；刊物；杂志

amateur / ˈæmətə(r) / n.业余爱好者

reinforce / ˌri:inˈfɔ:s / v.加强；充实；加固；使更结实

widespread / ˈwaidspred / adj.分布广的；普遍的；广泛的

referee / ˌrefəˈri: / v.审阅；鉴定

翻译

总体的结果是，业余人员更难以在专业地质刊物上发表文章。且这一结果更由于评审制度的广泛采用而得以巩固，该制度最初是在19世纪时被国家级刊物采用，随后20世纪时被数家地方地质学刊物采用。

预告5.28长难句

A rather similar process of differentiation has led to professional geologists coming together nationally within one or two specific societies, whereas the amateurs have tended either to remain in local societies or to come together nationally in a different way.（Text1. 2001）