一、前言
如果只用普通的知识解释i++和++i的话
i++ 先将i赋值再++
++i 先++再赋值
但是这简单的回答并不能入吸引面试官的眼球,如果用java字节码指令分析则效果完全不同
二、代码实现
public class OperandStackTest { /** 程序员面试过程中, 常见的i++和++i 的区别 */ public static void add(){ //第1类问题: int i1 = 10; i1++; System.out.println("i1 =" + i1);//11 int i2 = 10; ++i2; System.out.println("i2 =" + i2);//11 //第2类问题: int i3 = 10; int i4 = i3++; System.out.println("i3 =" + i3);//11 System.out.println("i4 =" + i4);//10 int i5 = 10; int i6 = ++i5; System.out.println("i5 =" + i5);//11 System.out.println("i6 =" + i6);//11 //第3类问题: int i7 = 10; i7 = i7++; System.out.println("i7 =" + i7);//10 int i8 = 10; i8 = ++i8; System.out.println("i8 =" + i8);//11 //第4类问题: int i9 = 10; int i10 = i9++ + ++i9;//10+12 System.out.println("i9 =" + i9);//12 System.out.println("i10 =" + i10);//22 } public static void main(String[] args) { add(); } }
运行结果
i1 = 11 i2 = 11 i3 = 11 i4 = 10 i5 = 11 i6 = 11 i7 = 10 i8 = 11 i9 = 12 i10 = 22
三、字节码指令
通过javap -v out目录下的class文件名 在终端运行得到如下结果
public static void add(); descriptor: ()V flags: ACC_PUBLIC, ACC_STATIC Code: stack=2, locals=10, args_size=0 0: bipush 10 2: istore_0 3: iinc 0, 1 6: getstatic #4 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream; 9: iload_0 10: invokevirtual #5 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(I)V 13: bipush 10 15: istore_1 16: iinc 1, 1 19: getstatic #4 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream; 22: iload_1 23: invokevirtual #5 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(I)V 26: bipush 10 28: istore_2 29: iload_2 30: iinc 2, 1 33: istore_3 34: getstatic #4 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream; 37: iload_2 38: invokevirtual #5 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(I)V 41: getstatic #4 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream; 44: iload_3 45: invokevirtual #5 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(I)V 48: bipush 10 50: istore 4 52: iinc 4, 1 55: iload 4 57: istore 5 59: getstatic #4 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream; 62: iload 4 64: invokevirtual #5 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(I)V 67: getstatic #4 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream; 70: iload 5 72: invokevirtual #5 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(I)V 75: bipush 10 77: istore 6 79: iload 6 81: iinc 6, 1 84: istore 6 86: getstatic #4 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream; 89: iload 6 91: invokevirtual #5 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(I)V 94: bipush 10 96: istore 7 98: iinc 7, 1 101: iload 7 103: istore 7 105: getstatic #4 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream; 108: iload 7 110: invokevirtual #5 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(I)V 113: bipush 10 115: istore 8 117: iload 8 119: iinc 8, 1 122: iinc 8, 1 125: iload 8 127: iadd 128: istore 9 130: getstatic #4 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream; 133: iload 8 135: invokevirtual #5 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(I)V 138: getstatic #4 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream; 141: iload 9 143: invokevirtual #5 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(I)V 146: return
四、字节码解析
1. 第一类问题
//第1类问题: int i1 = 10; i1++; System.out.println("i1 =" + i1);//11 int i2 = 10; ++i2; System.out.println("i2 =" + i2);//11
对应字节码指令为
0: bipush 10 2: istore_0 3: iinc 0, 1 6: getstatic #4 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream; 9: iload_0 10: invokevirtual #5 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(I)V 13: bipush 10 15: istore_1 16: iinc 1, 1 19: getstatic #4 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream; 22: iload_1 23: invokevirtual #5 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(I)V
先将i1的值为10入栈(bipush),然后将int类型的值从栈中存到局部变量表0的位置,然后执行iinc将0位置的值+1,然后将局部变量表0位置的数入栈执行输出操作
所以i1的值为11
先将i2的值为10入栈(bipush),然后将int类型的值从栈中存到局部变量表1的位置,然后执行iinc将1位置的值+1,然后将局部变量表1位置的数入栈执行输出操作
所以i2的值为11
由于没有赋值操作,区别不大
2. 第二类问题
//第2类问题: int i3 = 10; int i4 = i3++; System.out.println("i3 =" + i3);//11 System.out.println("i4 =" + i4);//10 int i5 = 10; int i6 = ++i5; System.out.println("i5 =" + i5);//11 System.out.println("i6 =" + i6);//11
对应字节码为
26: bipush 10 28: istore_2 29: iload_2 30: iinc 2, 1 33: istore_3 34: getstatic #4 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream; 37: iload_2 38: invokevirtual #5 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(I)V 41: getstatic #4 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream; 44: iload_3 45: invokevirtual #5 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(I)V 48: bipush 10 50: istore 4 52: iinc 4, 1 55: iload 4 57: istore 5 59: getstatic #4 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream; 62: iload 4 64: invokevirtual #5 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(I)V 67: getstatic #4 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream; 70: iload 5 72: invokevirtual #5 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(I)V
先将i3入栈存储到局部变量表2的位置,然后将它入栈,执行iinc将2位置的值加一,i4存储到局部表量表3的位置
所以i3是11,i4还是10
将i5入栈存储到局部变量表4的位置,由于是++i所以先iinc将4位置的值加一,然后将局部变量表4的值入栈,执行赋值操作
所以i5、i6都是11
3. 第三类问题
//第3类问题: int i7 = 10; i7 = i7++; System.out.println("i7 =" + i7);//10 int i8 = 10; i8 = ++i8; System.out.println("i8 =" + i8);//11
对应字节码
75: bipush 10 77: istore 6 79: iload 6 81: iinc 6, 1 84: istore 6 86: getstatic #4 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream; 89: iload 6 91: invokevirtual #5 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(I)V 94: bipush 10 96: istore 7 98: iinc 7, 1 101: iload 7 103: istore 7 105: getstatic #4 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream; 108: iload 7 110: invokevirtual #5 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(I)V
先将i7入栈,然后存到局部变量表6的位置,先把i6入栈,然后把6处的值加一,由于又将这个值存储到局部变量表6处,所以产生覆盖又把值变为10
所以i7为10
而++i不会产生覆盖先执行加一然后再把值入栈,在赋值给局部变量表中
所以i8为11
4. 第四类问题
//第4类问题: int i9 = 10; int i10 = i9++ + ++i9;//10+12 System.out.println("i9 =" + i9);//12 System.out.println("i10 =" + i10);//22
对应字节码为
113: bipush 10 115: istore 8 117: iload 8 119: iinc 8, 1 122: iinc 8, 1 125: iload 8 127: iadd 128: istore 9 130: getstatic #4 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream; 133: iload 8 135: invokevirtual #5 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(I)V 138: getstatic #4 // Field java/lang/System.out:Ljava/io/PrintStream; 141: iload 9 143: invokevirtual #5 // Method java/io/PrintStream.println:(I)V 146: return
先将i9=10入栈,然后存在局部变量表8的位置
int i10 = i9++ + ++i9;
先iload将8位置的i9入栈然后执行iinc将8处的i9加一,然后执行++i9,在将8处的i9加一
此时i9=10+1+1为12
然后将8位置的i9入栈,执行add将栈中的两i9相加,得到的值存储到局部变量表9的位置
所以i10=10+12(i9++后还是10,++i9后是12,因为执行了两次iinc操作)
然后调用虚方法和静态方法,在将9处的值入栈执行输出语句
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