【Azure API 管理】使用APIM进行XML内容读取时遇见的诡异错误 Expression evaluation failed. Object reference not set to an instance of an object.

问题描述

使用APIM,在 Inbound 中对请求的Body内容进行解析。客户端请求所传递的Request Body为XML格式,需要从Request Body中解析出多个(Element)节点值,然后设置通过(set-variable)为参数在后续使用。

但是验证发现,当且只当使用一个set-variable 从 Request Body中读取数据时候,是可以成功的。如果要读取第二个,第三个时,始终会遇见一个诡异的错误 Expression evaluation failed. Object reference not set to an instance of an object。 关键问题是,为什么第一个可以成功,第二个的语句和第一个完全一样,却面临如此问题?真是诡异!

需要解析的XML格式如下:

xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<CDHotel xmlns="http://schemas.xmlsoap.org/soap/cdhotel/">
<Body>
<GetHotel xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://tempuri.org/">
<input>
<ID xmlns="http://schemas.datacontract.org/2014/01/wcf">202203081007001ID>
<Name xmlns="http://schemas.datacontract.org/2014/01/wcf">Cheng Du Junyi HotelName>
<Code xmlns="http://schemas.datacontract.org/2014/01/wcf">ICP1009100Code>
input>
GetHotel>
Body>
CDHotel>

在APIM Policies中,需要获取 ID, Name, Code 和 Desc 值,策略语句如下:


<policies>
    <inbound>
        <base />
        <set-variable name="myID" value="@(
 context.Request.Body.As().Descendants().FirstOrDefault(x => x.Name.LocalName == "ID")?.Value
        )" />
        <set-variable name="myName" value="@(
 context.Request.Body.As().Descendants().FirstOrDefault(x => x.Name.LocalName == "Name")?.Value
        )" />
        <set-variable name="myCode" value="@(
 context.Request.Body.As().Descendants().FirstOrDefault(x => x.Name.LocalName == "Code")?.Value
        )" />
        <set-variable name="myDesc" value="@(
 context.Request.Body.As().Descendants().FirstOrDefault(x => x.Name.LocalName == "Desc")?.Value
        )" />
    inbound>
    <backend>
        <base />
    backend>
    <outbound>
        <set-header name="myID" exists-action="override">
            <value>@((string)context.Variables["myID"])value>
        set-header>
        <set-header name="myName" exists-action="override">
            <value>@((string)context.Variables["myName"])value>
        set-header>
        <set-header name="myCode" exists-action="override">
            <value>@((string)context.Variables["myCode"])value>
        set-header>
        <set-header name="myDesc" exists-action="override">
            <value>@((string)context.Variables["myDesc"])value>
        set-header>
        <base />
    outbound>
    <on-error>
        <base />
    on-error>
policies>

在APIM的Test功能,查看Trace语句后,错误消息为:

set-variable (0.905 ms)
    {
    "message": "Expression was successfully evaluated.",
    "expression": "\n context.Request.Body.As<XElement>().Descendants().FirstOrDefault(x => x.Name.LocalName == \"ID\")?.Value\n        ",
    "value": "202203081007001"
}
set-variable (0.013 ms)
    {
    "message": "Context variable was successfully set.",
    "name": "myID",
    "value": "202203081007001"
}
set-variable (7.898 ms)
    {
    "messages": [
        {
            "message": "Expression evaluation failed.",
            "expression": "\n context.Request.Body.As<XElement>().Descendants().FirstOrDefault(x => x.Name.LocalName == \"Name\")?.Value\n        ",
            "details": "Object reference not set to an instance of an object."
        },
        "Expression evaluation failed. Object reference not set to an instance of an object.",
        "Object reference not set to an instance of an object."
    ]
}

说明:

  • 绿色高亮部分为Set-Variable的语句,两者语法完全一样。
  • 但第二次就出现了 未将对象应用到实例的异常。

错误截图:

 

 

问题解决

经过反复实验,问题肯定出现在 context.Request.Body.As 上,是不是这个内容只能使用一次呢? 经 Google 搜寻,终于得出了官方解释和解决办法:

官方解释

文档链接:https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/api-management/api-management-policy-expressions#ContextVariables

IMessageBody As(preserveContent: bool = false): Where T: string, byte[],JObject, JToken, JArray, XNode, XElement, XDocument

The context.Request.Body.As and context.Response.Body.As methods are used to read either a request and response message body in specified type T. By default, the method:
  • Uses the original message body stream.
  • Renders it unavailable after it returns.

To avoid that and have the method operate on a copy of the body stream, set the preserveContent parameter to true, as in this example.

 context.Request.Body.As 和 context.Response.Body.As 方法用As的方式指定读取 Request 和 Response的Body内容,默认情况下,这个方式读取的时原始消息的Body流,读取一次后就变为不可用,也就是说只能 As的方式一次。这就解释了为什么第二个Set Variable语句出现 Object 异常。

解决办法

正如文档中解释,使用 preserveContent : true 后,可以多次转换  Body Stream。

修改后的Policy为:

    <inbound>
        <base />
        <set-variable name="myID" value="@(
 context.Request.Body.As(preserveContent:true).Descendants().FirstOrDefault(x => x.Name.LocalName == "ID")?.Value
        )" />
        <set-variable name="myName" value="@(
 context.Request.Body.As(preserveContent:true).Descendants().FirstOrDefault(x => x.Name.LocalName == "Name")?.Value
        )" />
        <set-variable name="myCode" value="@(
 context.Request.Body.As(preserveContent:true).Descendants().FirstOrDefault(x => x.Name.LocalName == "Code")?.Value
        )" />
        <set-variable name="myDesc" value="@(
 context.Request.Body.As(preserveContent:true).Descendants().FirstOrDefault(x => x.Name.LocalName == "Desc")?.Value
        )" />
    inbound>

修改后,测试解析XML文件动画:

 

注意:

  • 因为APIM实例的内存存在限制,内部的Memory限制为500MB,当缓存的Request/Response的内容大于500MB的时候,就会出现 MessagePayLoadTooLarge异常。
  • 当使用 preserveContent:true 后,会把当前的Body内容缓存在APIM实例的内存中,如果Body内容大于500MB,则会出现 MessagePayLoadTooLarge问题,所以对于Body Size过大的请求,不能使用 Buffer 及读取整个Response/Request Body在Policy代码中。

 

参考资料

API Management policy expressions - Context variable - IMessageBody : https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/azure/api-management/api-management-policy-expressions#ContextVariables

Get an attribute value from XML Response in azure apim : https://stackoverflow.com/questions/68618339/get-an-attribute-value-from-xml-response-in-azure-apim

XElement Class : https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/api/system.xml.linq.xelement?view=net-6.0

 

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