简介
本文用实例介绍SpringBoot中RabbitMQ如何绑定交换机(交换器)与队列。
配置方法概述
交换机
下边两种方式等价。
ExchangeBuilder.topicExchange(EXCHANGE_TOPIC_WELCOME).durable(true).build();
new TopicExchange(EXCHANGE_TOPIC_WELCOME, true, false)
队列
下边两种方式等价
QueueBuilder.durable("Hi").build();
new Queue(QUEUE_HI, true)
绑定
下边两种方式等价
注意:第一种的参数并不是字符串。
BindingBuilder.bind(helloQueue).to(welcomExchange).with("hello.#") new Binding("Queue@hello", Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE, "[email protected]", "hello.#", null)
法1:配置类(简洁方法)(推荐)
package com.example.config; import org.springframework.amqp.core.*; import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Autowired; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration public class RabbitMQRouterConfig { public static final String QUEUE_HELLO = "Queue@hello"; public static final String QUEUE_HI = "Queue@hi"; public static final String EXCHANGE_TOPIC_WELCOME = "[email protected]"; public static final String ROUTINGKEY_HELLOS = "hello.#"; @Autowired private AmqpAdmin amqpAdmin; @Bean public Object initBindingTest() { amqpAdmin.declareExchange(new TopicExchange(EXCHANGE_TOPIC_WELCOME, true, false)); amqpAdmin.declareQueue(new Queue(QUEUE_HI, true)); amqpAdmin.declareQueue(new Queue(QUEUE_HELLO, true)); amqpAdmin.declareBinding(new Binding(QUEUE_HELLO, Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE, EXCHANGE_TOPIC_WELCOME, ROUTINGKEY_HELLOS, null)); return new Object(); } }
amqpAdmin.declareBinding
需要一个Binding对象作为参数
- exchange:交换器名称
- type:交换器类型。BuiltinExchangeType枚举类,有以下4中类型交换器:DIRECT(“direct”), FANOUT(“fanout”), TOPIC(“topic”), HEADERS(“headers”)
- durable:设置是否持久化。true:持久化,false:非持久化。持久化可以将交换器存盘,在服务器重启时不会丢失相关消息。
- autoDelete:设置是否自动删除。true:自动删除,false:不自动删除。自动删除的前提是至少有一个队列或交换器与这个交换器绑定,之后所有与这个交换器绑定的队列或交换器都与此交换器解绑。
- internal:设置是否内置的。true:内置交换器,false:非内置交换器。内置交换器,客户端无法直接发送消息到这个交换器中,只能通过交换器路由到交换器这种方式。
- arguments:其他一些结构化参数。如备份交换器:alternate-exchange、超时时间。示例配置超时时间方法:
Mapparams = new HashMap(); params.put("x-message-ttl", 2000); amqpAdmin.declareBinding(new Binding(QUEUE_HELLO, Binding.DestinationType.QUEUE, EXCHANGE_TOPIC_WELCOME, ROUTINGKEY_HELLOS, params));
法2:配置类(繁琐方法)(不推荐)
不推荐的原因
适用于队列和交换器不多时。
代码示例
package com.lly.order.message; import org.springframework.amqp.core.*; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Bean; import org.springframework.context.annotation.Configuration; @Configuration public class RabbitMQConfig { public final static String QUEUE_DIRECT = "Queue@direct"; public final static String QUEUE_TOPIC_ONE = "Queue@topic_one"; public final static String TOPIC_QUEUE_TWO = "Queue@topic_two"; public final static String QUEUE_FANOUT_ONE = "Queue@fanout_one"; public final static String QUEUE_FANOUT_TWO = "Queue@fanout_two"; public final static String EXCHANGE_TOPIC = "Exchange@topic"; public final static String EXCHANGE_FANOUT = "Exchange@fanout"; public final static String ROUTINGKEY_TOPIC_ONE = "hello.key"; public final static String ROUTINGKEY_TOPIC_TWO = "*.key"; // direct模式队列 @Bean public Queue directQueue() { return new Queue(QUEUE_DIRECT, true); } // topic 订阅者模式队列 @Bean public Queue topicQueueOne() { return new Queue(QUEUE_TOPIC_ONE, true); } @Bean public Queue topicQueueTwo() { return new Queue(TOPIC_QUEUE_TWO, true); } // fanout 广播者模式队列 @Bean public Queue fanoutQueueOne() { return new Queue(QUEUE_FANOUT_ONE, true); } @Bean public Queue fanoutQueueTwo() { return new Queue(QUEUE_FANOUT_TWO, true); } // topic 交换器 @Bean public TopicExchange topExchange() { return new TopicExchange(EXCHANGE_TOPIC); } // fanout 交换器 @Bean public FanoutExchange fanoutExchange() { return new FanoutExchange(EXCHANGE_FANOUT); } // 订阅者模式绑定 @Bean public Binding topicExchangeBingingOne() { return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueueOne()).to(topExchange()).with(ROUTINGKEY_TOPIC_ONE); } @Bean public Binding topicExchangeBingingTwo() { return BindingBuilder.bind(topicQueueTwo()).to(topicExchange()).with(ROUTINGKEY_TOPIC_TWO); } // 广播模式绑定 @Bean public Binding fanoutExchangeBingingOne() { return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueueOne()).to(fanoutExchange()); } @Bean public Binding fanoutExchangeBingingTwo() { return BindingBuilder.bind(fanoutQueueTwo()).to(fanoutExchange()); } }
法3:使用方配置(不推荐)
不推荐的原因
RabbitMQ的配置最好是统一在一个地方配置,分散配置不利于后期维护。
使用方法
@Component public class Receiver { @RabbitListener(queues = "hello") public void process(String hello) { System.out.println ("Receiver : " + hello); } @RabbitListener(bindings = @QueueBinding( exchange = @Exchange(value = "[email protected]",durable = "true",type = "topic"), value = @Queue(value = "Queue@Hello",durable = "true"), key = "key.#" )) public void processMessage1(Message message) { System.out.println(message); } }
法4:MQ服务端网页(不推荐)
不推荐的原因
使用方法
添加交换器
http://localhost:15672/#/exchanges //例如:[email protected]
添加队列
http://localhost:15672/#/queues //例如:Queue@Hello
交换器添加路由键
http://localhost:15672/#/exchanges=> 点击交换器名字=> Binding=> 添加队列与路由
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