图像轮廓cv2.findContours(img,mode,method) //轮廓特征、轮廓近似等
cv2.findContours(img,mode,method)
mode:轮廓检索模式
- RETR_EXTERNAL ：只检索最外面的轮廓；
- RETR_LIST：检索所有的轮廓，并将其保存到一条链表当中；
- RETR_CCOMP：检索所有的轮廓，并将他们组织为两层：顶层是各部分的外部边界，第二层是空洞的边界;
- RETR_TREE：检索所有的轮廓，并重构嵌套轮廓的整个层次;
method:轮廓逼近方法
- CHAIN_APPROX_NONE：以Freeman链码的方式输出轮廓，所有其他方法输出多边形（顶点的序列）。
- CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE:压缩水平的、垂直的和斜的部分，也就是，函数只保留他们的终点部分。
import cv2
import numpy as np
def cv_show(img,name):
cv2.imshow(name,img)
cv2.waitKey()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
#二值
img = cv2.imread('contours.png')
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
ret, thresh = cv2.threshold(gray, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
cv_show(thresh,'thresh')
binary, contours, hierarchy = cv2.findContours(thresh, cv2.RETR_TREE, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_NONE)
#绘制轮廓
cv_show(img,'img')
#传入绘制图像，轮廓，轮廓索引，颜色模式，线条厚度
# 注意需要copy,要不原图会变。。。
draw_img = img.copy()
res = cv2.drawContours(draw_img, contours, -1, (0, 0, 255), 2)
cv_show(res,'res')
draw_img = img.copy()
res = cv2.drawContours(draw_img, contours, 0, (0, 0, 255), 2)
cv_show(res,'res')
轮廓特征
cnt = contours[0]
#面积
cv2.contourArea(cnt)
#周长，True表示闭合的
cv2.arcLength(cnt,True)轮廓近似
对于AB d1>阈值 则处理AC d2>阈值 则处理AD
类似于二分操作 不断进行 直到d<阈值为止（使用线段来近似轮廓）
import cv2
import numpy as np
def cv_show(img,name):
cv2.imshow(name,img)
cv2.waitKey()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
img = cv2.imread('contours2.png')
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
ret, thresh = cv2.threshold(gray, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
binary, contours, hierarchy = cv2.findContours(thresh, cv2.RETR_TREE, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_NONE)
cnt = contours[0]
draw_img = img.copy()
res = cv2.drawContours(draw_img, [cnt], -1, (0, 0, 255), 2)
cv_show(res,'res')
#epsilon 为阈值可变 0.1 越大近似越不精确
epsilon = 0.1*cv2.arcLength(cnt,True)
approx = cv2.approxPolyDP(cnt,epsilon,True)
draw_img = img.copy()
res = cv2.drawContours(draw_img, [approx], -1, (0, 0, 255), 2)
cv_show(res,'res')边界矩形和边界外接圆
import cv2
import numpy as np
def cv_show(img,name):
cv2.imshow(name,img)
cv2.waitKey()
cv2.destroyAllWindows()
img = cv2.imread('contours2.png')
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
ret, thresh = cv2.threshold(gray, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
binary, contours, hierarchy = cv2.findContours(thresh, cv2.RETR_TREE, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_NONE)
cnt = contours[0]
draw_img = img.copy()
res = cv2.drawContours(draw_img, [cnt], -1, (0, 0, 255), 2)
cv_show(res,'res')
#epsilon 为阈值可变 0.1 越大近似越不精确
epsilon = 0.1*cv2.arcLength(cnt,True)
approx = cv2.approxPolyDP(cnt,epsilon,True)
draw_img = img.copy()
res = cv2.drawContours(draw_img, [approx], -1, (0, 0, 255), 2)
cv_show(res,'res')
#边界矩形
img = cv2.imread('contours.png')
gray = cv2.cvtColor(img, cv2.COLOR_BGR2GRAY)
ret, thresh = cv2.threshold(gray, 127, 255, cv2.THRESH_BINARY)
binary, contours, hierarchy = cv2.findContours(thresh, cv2.RETR_TREE, cv2.CHAIN_APPROX_NONE)
cnt = contours[0]
x,y,w,h = cv2.boundingRect(cnt)
img = cv2.rectangle(img,(x,y),(x+w,y+h),(0,255,0),2)
cv_show(img,'img')
area = cv2.contourArea(cnt)
x, y, w, h = cv2.boundingRect(cnt)
rect_area = w * h
extent = float(area) / rect_area
print ('轮廓面积与边界矩形比',extent)
# 外接圆
(x,y),radius = cv2.minEnclosingCircle(cnt)
center = (int(x),int(y))
radius = int(radius)
img = cv2.circle(img,center,radius,(0,255,0),2)
cv_show(img,'img')