PCL库学习笔记(基础)

PCL库学习笔记(基础)

文件格式详解

1、PCD

PCD(Point Cloud Date,点云数据) 对应的文件格式为**(.pcd)** ,是PCL官方指定的存储格式,具有ASCII和Binary两种数据存储类型,pcd格式具有文件头,用于描述点云的整体信息。

2、文件格式说明

代码

# .PCD v0.7 - Point Cloud Data file format
VERSION 0.7
FIELDS x y z
SIZE 4 4 4
TYPE F F F
COUNT 1 1 1
WIDTH 278
HEIGHT 1
VIEWPOINT 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
POINTS 278
DATA acsii

VERSION ------PCD文件版本
FIELDS------指定一个点可以有每一个维度和字段的名字,例如:

FIELDS x y z                                   // XYZ data
FIELDS x y z rgb                               // XYZ + colors
FIELDS x y z normal_xnormal_y normal_z         // XYZ + surface normals
FIELDS j1 j2 j3                                // moment invariants

SIZE-------用字节指定每个维度的大小,例如:

unsigned char/char // 1 byte
unsigned short/short // 2 bytes
unsigned int/int/float // 4 bytes
double // 8 bytes

TYPE------用一个字符指定每一维度的类型,现在被接受的类型有:

I – 表示有符号类型 int8(char)、int16(short)和int32(int);
U – 表示无符号类型 uint8(unsigned char)、uint16(unsigned short)和uint32(unsigned int);
F – 表示浮点类型。

COUNT------指定每一个维度包含的元素数目

默认情况下,如果没有 COUNT, 所有维度的数目被设置成 1

WIDHT------用点的数量表示点云数据集的宽度

1)它能确定无序数据集的点云中点的个数;
2)它能确定有序点云数据集的宽度(一行中点的数目)。
例如:
WIDTH 640 // 每行有640个点

HIGHT------用点的数量表示点云数据集的高度

1)它表示有序点云数据集的高度(行的总数);
2)对于无序数据集它被设置成1(被用来检查一个数据集是有序还是无序)。
//有序点云例子:
WIDTH 640 //像图像一样的有序结构,有640行和480列,
HEIGHT 480 // 这样该数据集中共有640*480=307200个点
//无序点云:
WIDTH 307200
HEIGHT 1 //有307200个点的无序点云数据集

VIEWPOINT------指定数据集中点云的获取视点

VIEWPOINT有可能在不同坐标系之间转换的时候应用,在辅助获取其他特征时也比较有用,例如曲面法线,在判断方向一致性时,需要知道视点的方位,
视点信息被指定为平移(tx, ty, tz)+ 四元数(qw, qx, qy, qz)。
默认值是:VIEWPOINT 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

POINTS------指定点云中点的总数,例如:

POINTS 307200 //点云中点的总数为307200

DATA------指定存储点云数据的数据类型

0.7版本开始,支持两种数据类型::ASCII形式和binary形式

注意:
1、文件头DATA的下一字节就被看成是点云的数据部分,它会被解释成点云数据;
2、PCD文件的文件头部分必须以上面介绍的顺序精确指定。

示例

# .PCD v0.7 - Point Cloud Data file format
VERSION 0.7
FIELDS x y z
SIZE 4 4 4
TYPE F F F
COUNT 1 1 1
WIDTH 89
HEIGHT 1
VIEWPOINT 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
POINTS 89
DATA ascii
-21.368 -137.98199 -23
-21.301001 -137.745 -23
-21.257 -137.52699 -23
-21.219999 -137.34801 -23
-21.153 -137.12399 -23
-21.117001 -136.967 -23
-21.066999 -136.71001 -23
-20.999001 -136.47301 -23
-20.954 -136.23599 -23
-20.882 -135.97501 -23
	...

3、数据存储类型

在0.7版本中,.PCD文件格式用两种模式存储数据:
1>ASCII形式:每一点放在一个新行上

p_1
p_2
p_3
p_4
...
p_n

注意: 从PCL 1.0.1版本开始,用字符串“nan”表示NaN,此字符表示该点的值不存在或非法等。

2>binary格式:数据是pcl::PointCloud::points数组或者vector的完整内存复制。Linux系统中,使用mmap/munmap操作使得数据读/写尽可能快

下面附上一个PCD文件的代码,读者可以保存并用于代码复现:

# .PCD v.7 - Point Cloud Data file format
VERSION .7
FIELDS x y z rgb
SIZE 4 4 4 4
TYPE F F F F
COUNT 1 1 1 1
WIDTH 213
HEIGHT 1
VIEWPOINT 0 0 0 1 0 0 0
POINTS 213
DATA ascii
0.93773 0.33763 0 4.2108e+06
0.90805 0.35641 0 4.2108e+06
0.81915 0.32 0 4.2108e+06
0.97192 0.278 0 4.2108e+06
0.944 0.29474 0 4.2108e+06
0.98111 0.24247 0 4.2108e+06
0.93655 0.26143 0 4.2108e+06
0.91631 0.27442 0 4.2108e+06
0.81921 0.29315 0 4.2108e+06
0.90701 0.24109 0 4.2108e+06
0.83239 0.23398 0 4.2108e+06
0.99185 0.2116 0 4.2108e+06
0.89264 0.21174 0 4.2108e+06
0.85082 0.21212 0 4.2108e+06
0.81044 0.32222 0 4.2108e+06
0.74459 0.32192 0 4.2108e+06
0.69927 0.32278 0 4.2108e+06
0.8102 0.29315 0 4.2108e+06
0.75504 0.29765 0 4.2108e+06
0.8102 0.24399 0 4.2108e+06
0.74995 0.24723 0 4.2108e+06
0.68049 0.29768 0 4.2108e+06
0.66509 0.29002 0 4.2108e+06
0.69441 0.2526 0 4.2108e+06
0.62807 0.22187 0 4.2108e+06
0.58706 0.32199 0 4.2108e+06
0.52125 0.31955 0 4.2108e+06
0.49351 0.32282 0 4.2108e+06
0.44313 0.32169 0 4.2108e+06
0.58678 0.2929 0 4.2108e+06
0.53436 0.29164 0 4.2108e+06
0.59308 0.24134 0 4.2108e+06
0.5357 0.2444 0 4.2108e+06
0.50043 0.31235 0 4.2108e+06
0.44107 0.29711 0 4.2108e+06
0.50727 0.22193 0 4.2108e+06
0.43957 0.23976 0 4.2108e+06
0.8105 0.21112 0 4.2108e+06
0.73555 0.2114 0 4.2108e+06
0.69907 0.21082 0 4.2108e+06
0.63327 0.21154 0 4.2108e+06
0.59165 0.21201 0 4.2108e+06
0.52477 0.21491 0 4.2108e+06
0.49375 0.21006 0 4.2108e+06
0.4384 0.19632 0 4.2108e+06
0.43425 0.16052 0 4.2108e+06
0.3787 0.32173 0 4.2108e+06
0.33444 0.3216 0 4.2108e+06
0.23815 0.32199 0 4.808e+06
0.3788 0.29315 0 4.2108e+06
0.33058 0.31073 0 4.2108e+06
0.3788 0.24399 0 4.2108e+06
0.30249 0.29189 0 4.2108e+06
0.23492 0.29446 0 4.808e+06
0.29465 0.24399 0 4.2108e+06
0.23514 0.24172 0 4.808e+06
0.18836 0.32277 0 4.808e+06
0.15992 0.32176 0 4.808e+06
0.08642 0.32181 0 4.808e+06
0.039994 0.32283 0 4.808e+06
0.20039 0.31211 0 4.808e+06
0.1417 0.29506 0 4.808e+06
0.20921 0.22332 0 4.808e+06
0.13884 0.24227 0 4.808e+06
0.085123 0.29441 0 4.808e+06
0.048446 0.31279 0 4.808e+06
0.086957 0.24399 0 4.808e+06
0.3788 0.21189 0 4.2108e+06
0.29465 0.19323 0 4.2108e+06
0.23755 0.19348 0 4.808e+06
0.29463 0.16054 0 4.2108e+06
0.23776 0.16054 0 4.808e+06
0.19016 0.21038 0 4.808e+06
0.15704 0.21245 0 4.808e+06
0.08678 0.21169 0 4.808e+06
0.012746 0.32168 0 4.808e+06
-0.075715 0.32095 0 4.808e+06
-0.10622 0.32304 0 4.808e+06
-0.16391 0.32118 0 4.808e+06
0.00088411 0.29487 0 4.808e+06
-0.057568 0.29457 0 4.808e+06
-0.0034333 0.24399 0 4.808e+06
-0.055185 0.24185 0 4.808e+06
-0.10983 0.31352 0 4.808e+06
-0.15082 0.29453 0 4.808e+06
-0.11534 0.22049 0 4.808e+06
-0.15155 0.24381 0 4.808e+06
-0.1912 0.32173 0 4.808e+06
-0.281 0.3185 0 4.808e+06
-0.30791 0.32307 0 4.808e+06
-0.33854 0.32148 0 4.808e+06
-0.21248 0.29805 0 4.808e+06
-0.26372 0.29905 0 4.808e+06
-0.22562 0.24399 0 4.808e+06
-0.25035 0.2371 0 4.808e+06
-0.29941 0.31191 0 4.808e+06
-0.35845 0.2954 0 4.808e+06
-0.29231 0.22236 0 4.808e+06
-0.36101 0.24172 0 4.808e+06
-0.0034393 0.21129 0 4.808e+06
-0.07306 0.21304 0 4.808e+06
-0.10579 0.2099 0 4.808e+06
-0.13642 0.21411 0 4.808e+06
-0.22562 0.19323 0 4.808e+06
-0.24439 0.19799 0 4.808e+06
-0.22591 0.16041 0 4.808e+06
-0.23466 0.16082 0 4.808e+06
-0.3077 0.20998 0 4.808e+06
-0.3413 0.21239 0 4.808e+06
-0.40551 0.32178 0 4.2108e+06
-0.50568 0.3218 0 4.2108e+06
-0.41732 0.30844 0 4.2108e+06
-0.44237 0.28859 0 4.2108e+06
-0.41591 0.22004 0 4.2108e+06
-0.44803 0.24236 0 4.2108e+06
-0.50623 0.29315 0 4.2108e+06
-0.50916 0.24296 0 4.2108e+06
-0.57019 0.22334 0 4.2108e+06
-0.59611 0.32199 0 4.2108e+06
-0.65104 0.32199 0 4.2108e+06
-0.72566 0.32129 0 4.2108e+06
-0.75538 0.32301 0 4.2108e+06
-0.59653 0.29315 0 4.2108e+06
-0.65063 0.29315 0 4.2108e+06
-0.59478 0.24245 0 4.2108e+06
-0.65063 0.24399 0 4.2108e+06
-0.70618 0.29525 0 4.2108e+06
-0.76203 0.31284 0 4.2108e+06
-0.70302 0.24183 0 4.2108e+06
-0.77062 0.22133 0 4.2108e+06
-0.41545 0.21099 0 4.2108e+06
-0.45004 0.19812 0 4.2108e+06
-0.4475 0.1673 0 4.2108e+06
-0.52031 0.21236 0 4.2108e+06
-0.55182 0.21045 0 4.2108e+06
-0.5965 0.21131 0 4.2108e+06
-0.65064 0.2113 0 4.2108e+06
-0.72216 0.21286 0 4.2108e+06
-0.7556 0.20987 0 4.2108e+06
-0.78343 0.31973 0 4.2108e+06
-0.87572 0.32111 0 4.2108e+06
-0.90519 0.32263 0 4.2108e+06
-0.95526 0.34127 0 4.2108e+06
-0.79774 0.29271 0 4.2108e+06
-0.85618 0.29497 0 4.2108e+06
-0.79975 0.24326 0 4.2108e+06
-0.8521 0.24246 0 4.2108e+06
-0.91157 0.31224 0 4.2108e+06
-0.95031 0.29572 0 4.2108e+06
-0.92223 0.2213 0 4.2108e+06
-0.94979 0.24354 0 4.2108e+06
-0.78641 0.21505 0 4.2108e+06
-0.87094 0.21237 0 4.2108e+06
-0.90637 0.20934 0 4.2108e+06
-0.93777 0.21481 0 4.2108e+06
0.22244 -0.0296 0 4.808e+06
0.2704 -0.078167 0 4.808e+06
0.24416 -0.056883 0 4.808e+06
0.27311 -0.10653 0 4.808e+06
0.26172 -0.10653 0 4.808e+06
0.2704 -0.1349 0 4.808e+06
0.24428 -0.15599 0 4.808e+06
0.19017 -0.025297 0 4.808e+06
0.14248 -0.02428 0 4.808e+06
0.19815 -0.037432 0 4.808e+06
0.14248 -0.03515 0 4.808e+06
0.093313 -0.02428 0 4.808e+06
0.044144 -0.02428 0 4.808e+06
0.093313 -0.03515 0 4.808e+06
0.044144 -0.03515 0 4.808e+06
0.21156 -0.17357 0 4.808e+06
0.029114 -0.12594 0 4.2108e+06
0.036583 -0.15619 0 4.2108e+06
0.22446 -0.20514 0 4.808e+06
0.2208 -0.2369 0 4.808e+06
0.2129 -0.208 0 4.808e+06
0.19316 -0.25672 0 4.808e+06
0.14497 -0.27484 0 4.808e+06
0.030167 -0.18748 0 4.2108e+06
0.1021 -0.27453 0 4.808e+06
0.1689 -0.2831 0 4.808e+06
0.13875 -0.28647 0 4.808e+06
0.086993 -0.29568 0 4.808e+06
0.044924 -0.3154 0 4.808e+06
-0.0066125 -0.02428 0 4.808e+06
-0.057362 -0.02428 0 4.808e+06
-0.0066125 -0.03515 0 4.808e+06
-0.057362 -0.03515 0 4.808e+06
-0.10653 -0.02428 0 4.808e+06
-0.15266 -0.025282 0 4.808e+06
-0.10653 -0.03515 0 4.808e+06
-0.16036 -0.037257 0 4.808e+06
0.0083286 -0.1259 0 4.2108e+06
0.0007442 -0.15603 0 4.2108e+06
-0.1741 -0.17381 0 4.808e+06
-0.18502 -0.02954 0 4.808e+06
-0.20707 -0.056403 0 4.808e+06
-0.23348 -0.07764 0 4.808e+06
-0.2244 -0.10653 0 4.808e+06
-0.23604 -0.10652 0 4.808e+06
-0.20734 -0.15641 0 4.808e+06
-0.23348 -0.13542 0 4.808e+06
0.0061083 -0.18729 0 4.2108e+06
-0.066235 -0.27472 0 4.808e+06
-0.17577 -0.20789 0 4.808e+06
-0.10861 -0.27494 0 4.808e+06
-0.15584 -0.25716 0 4.808e+06
-0.0075775 -0.31546 0 4.808e+06
-0.050817 -0.29595 0 4.808e+06
-0.10306 -0.28653 0 4.808e+06
-0.1319 -0.2831 0 4.808e+06
-0.18716 -0.20571 0 4.808e+06
-0.18369 -0.23729 0 4.808e+06

如果需要将txt文件转换成pcd文件,可参考以下代码:

#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
#include
using namespace std;
 
int main()
{
	//定义一种类型表示TXT中xyz
	typedef struct TXT_Point_XYZ
	{
		double x;
		double y;
		double z;
	}TOPOINT_XYZ;
 
	//读取txt文件
	int num_txt;
	FILE *fp_txt;
	TXT_Point_XYZ txt_points;
	vector<TXT_Point_XYZ> my_vTxtPoints;
	fp_txt = fopen("test_pcd.txt","r");
 
	if (fp_txt)
	{
		while (fscanf(fp_txt, "%lf %lf %lf", &txt_points.x, &txt_points.y, &txt_points.z) != EOF)
		{//将点存入容器尾部
			my_vTxtPoints.push_back(txt_points);
		}
	}
	else
		cout << "读取txt文件失败"<<endl;
 
	num_txt = my_vTxtPoints.size();
 
	//写入点云数据
	pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ> ::Ptr cloud(new pcl::PointCloud<pcl::PointXYZ>);
	cloud->width = num_txt;
	cloud->height = 1;
	cloud->is_dense = false;
	cloud->points.resize(cloud->width*cloud->height);
	for (int i = 0; i < cloud->points.size(); ++i)
	{
		cloud->points[i].x = my_vTxtPoints[i].x;
		cloud->points[i].y = my_vTxtPoints[i].y;
		cloud->points[i].z = my_vTxtPoints[i].z;
	}
	pcl::io::savePCDFileASCII("test_pcd.pcd", *cloud);
	cout<< "从 txt_pcd.txt读取" << cloud->points.size() << "点写入txt_pcd.pcd" << endl;
	
	//打印出写入的点
    cout << "_________________________________" << endl;
	for (size_t i = 0; i < cloud->points.size(); ++i)
		cout << "    " << cloud->points[i].x
		<< " " << cloud->points[i].y
		<< " " << cloud->points[i].z << endl;
 
	return 0;
}

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