Spring Date JPA的@Column注解详解

@Column注解是用来标识实体类中属性与数据表中字段的对应关系。首先来看看源码,中文解释是我自己加的

@Target({METHOD, FIELD})
@Retention(RUNTIME)public 
@interface Column {    
/**     
* (Optional) The name of the column. Defaults to     
* the property or field name. 
*name属性定义了被标注字段在数据表中所对应字段的名称
*/    
String name() default "";    
/**     
* (Optional) Whether the column is a unique key.  This is a     
* shortcut for the UniqueConstraint annotation at the table
* level and is useful for when the unique key constraint     
* corresponds to only a single column. This constraint applies     
* in addition to any constraint entailed by primary key mapping and     
* to constraints specified at the table level. 
* unique属性表示该字段在数据表中是否唯一标识,默认为false。如果表中
* 用字段是唯一标识的,既可以使用该标识,又可以使用@Table标记中的
* @UniqueConstraint   
*/    
boolean unique() default false;    
/**     
* (Optional) Whether the database column is nullable.     
* nullable属性表示该字段是否可以为null,默认是true
*/    
boolean nullable() default true;    
/**     
* (Optional) Whether the column is included in SQL INSERT     
* statements generated by the persistence provider.   
* insertable属性表示在使用“INSERT”脚本插入数据时,是否需要插入该字
* 值  
*/    
boolean insertable() default true;    
/**     
* (Optional) Whether the column is included in SQL UPDATE     
* statements generated by the persistence provider.   
* updatable属性表示  在使用“UPDATE”脚本插入数据时,是否需要更新该字
* 值。insertable和updatable属性一般多用于只读属性,比如主键和外键等,
*  这些字段的值通常是自动生成的。
*/    
boolean updatable() default true;    
/**     
* (Optional) The SQL fragment that is used when     
* generating the DDL for the column.     
* 

Defaults to the generated SQL to create a * column of the inferred type. * columnDefinition属性表示创建表时,该字段创建的SQL语句,一般用于通 * 过Entity生成表定义时使用。(也就是说,如果DB中表已经建好,该属性没有必要使用。) */ String columnDefinition() default ""; /** * (Optional) The name of the table that contains the column. * If absent the column is assumed to be in the primary table. * table属性表示该字段对应的数据表名 */ String table() default ""; /** * (Optional) The column length. (Applies only if a * string-valued column is used.) * length属性表示该字段的长度,该字段类型为varchar时才生效,默认是255 */ int length() default 255; /** * (Optional) The precision for a decimal (exact numeric) * column. (Applies only if a decimal column is used.) * Value must be set by developer if used when generating * the DDL for the column. * precision属性表示精度,当字段类型为double时,precision表示数值的总 * 长度 */ int precision() default 0; /** * (Optional) The scale for a decimal (exact numeric) column. * (Applies only if a decimal column is used.) * scale属性表示精度,当字段类型为double时,scale表示小数点所占的位 * 数。 */ int scale() default 0;}

在使用此@Column标记时,需要注意以下几个问题:
此标记可以标注在getter方法或属性前,例如以下的两种标注方法都是正确的:

@Entity
@Table(name="people")
public class People{
  
  @Column(name="name")
  private String name;

  @Column(name="age")
  private String age;

  public String getName() {    
    return name;
  }

  public void setName(String name) {    
    this.name = name;
  }

  public String getAge() {    
    return age;
  }

  public void setAge(String age) {    
    this.age = age;
  }
}

标注在getter方法前

@Entity
@Table(name="people")
public class People{
  
  private String name;

  private String age;

  @Column(name="name")
  public String getName() {    
    return name;
  }

  public void setName(String name) {    
    this.name = name;
  }

  @Column(name="age")
  public String getAge() {    
    return age;
  }

  public void setAge(String age) {    
    this.age = age;
  }
}

自己喜欢哪种就用哪种。你编程开心就好!

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