JavaScript数组的基本操作

1. 创建数组

1.1 使用new Array()

let arr = new Array();
console.log(typeof arr);

结果:
object

1.2 使用中括号

let arr = [];
console.log(typeof arr);

结果:
object

2. 访问数组

let arr = [1,2,3,4,5];
let a = arr[0];
let b = arr[arr.length-1];
console.log(a,b);

结果:
1 5

3. 增加数组元素

3.1 初级方法

let arr = [];
arr[0] = 1;
arr[1] = 2;
arr[2] = 3;
arr[3] = 4;
console.log(arr);

结果:
[1, 2, 3, 4]

3.2 使用push方法,在数组末尾添加元素

let arr = [];
arr.push(11);
arr.push(22);
arr.push(33);
arr.push(44);
arr.push(55);
console.log(arr);

结果:
[11, 22, 33, 44, 55]

3.3 使用unshift方法,在数组头部添加元素

let arr = [];
arr.unshift(11);
arr.unshift(22);
arr.unshift(33);
arr.unshift(44);
arr.unshift(55);
console.log(arr);

结果:
[55, 44, 33, 22, 11]

4. 修改数组元素

let arr = [];
arr.unshift(11);
arr.unshift(22);
arr.unshift(33);
arr.unshift(44);
arr.unshift(55);
console.log(arr);
arr[2] = 66;
arr[3] = 77;
console.log(arr);

结果:
[55, 44, 33, 22, 11]
[55, 44, 66, 77, 11]

5. 删除数组元素

5.1 删除数组末尾的元素,pop方法

let arr = [];
arr.unshift(11);
arr.unshift(22);
arr.unshift(33);
arr.unshift(44);
arr.unshift(55);
arr.unshift(66);
arr.unshift(77);
console.log(arr);
arr.pop();
console.log(arr);
arr.pop();
console.log(arr);

结果:
[77, 66, 55, 44, 33, 22, 11]
[77, 66, 55, 44, 33, 22]
[77, 66, 55, 44, 33]

5.2 删除数组开头的元素,shift方法

let arr = [];
arr.unshift(11);
arr.unshift(22);
arr.unshift(33);
arr.unshift(44);
arr.unshift(55);
arr.unshift(66);
arr.unshift(77);
console.log(arr);
arr.shift();
console.log(arr);
arr.shift();
console.log(arr);

结果:
[77, 66, 55, 44, 33, 22, 11]
[66, 55, 44, 33, 22, 11]
[55, 44, 33, 22, 11]

5.3 通过索引值删除一个元素

let arr = [];
arr.unshift(11);
arr.unshift(22);
arr.unshift(33);
arr.unshift(44);
arr.unshift(55);
arr.unshift(66);
arr.unshift(77);
console.log(arr);
let delItem = arr.splice(1,1);
console.log(delItem);
console.log(arr);

结果:
[77, 66, 55, 44, 33, 22, 11]
[66]
[77, 55, 44, 33, 22, 11]

5.4 通过索引值删除多个元素

let arr = [];
arr.unshift(11);
arr.unshift(22);
arr.unshift(33);
arr.unshift(44);
arr.unshift(55);
arr.unshift(66);
arr.unshift(77);
console.log(arr);
let delItem = arr.splice(1,3);
console.log(delItem);
console.log(arr);

结果:
[77, 66, 55, 44, 33, 22, 11]
[66, 55, 44]
[77, 33, 22, 11]

6. 查询数组

let arr = [];
arr.unshift(11);
arr.unshift(22);
arr.unshift(33);
arr.unshift(44);
arr.unshift(55);
arr.unshift(66);
arr.unshift(77);
console.log(arr);
arr.forEach(function(item,index,arrs){
    console.log(item,index);
})

结果:
[77, 66, 55, 44, 33, 22, 11]
77 0
66 1
55 2
44 3
33 4
22 5
11 6

7. 查找数组元素的索引

let arr = [];
arr.unshift(11);
arr.unshift(22);
arr.unshift(33);
arr.unshift(44);
arr.unshift(55);
arr.unshift(66);
arr.unshift(77);
console.log(arr);
let a = arr.indexOf(44);
console.log(a);
let b = arr.lastIndexOf(33);
console.log(b);

结果:
[77, 66, 55, 44, 33, 22, 11]
3
4

8. 复制数组

let arr = [];
arr.unshift(11);
arr.unshift(22);
arr.unshift(33);
arr.unshift(44);
arr.unshift(55);
arr.unshift(66);
arr.unshift(77);
console.log(arr);
let carr = arr.slice();
console.log(carr);

结果:
 [77, 66, 55, 44, 33, 22, 11]
 [77, 66, 55, 44, 33, 22, 11]

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