cocoapods 安装使用, 常见错误及解决办法

安装 cocoapods

1. 安装/更新 gem

看这个就好了国内镜像官网 https://gems.ruby-china.com/

这里简单列下步骤

$ gem update --system #这里请翻墙一下
$ gem -v
$ gem sources -l
$ gem sources --add https://gems.ruby-china.com/ --remove https://rubygems.org/ #remove的网址应该是上一个结果打印出来的网址

2. 安装 cocoapods

$ gem install cocoapods

3. 添加 podfile 文件

输入

platform :ios, '11.0'
use_frameworks!

target '#这里填自己的项目名' do
    # 这里是依赖的库
    pod 'Alamofire', '~> 5.0.0-rc.3'
    pod 'WCDB.swift'
end

执行 pod install 即可

常见问题及解决方案

错误 1： Permission denied

ERROR: While executing gem ... (Errno::EACCES)
Permission denied

Why 执行何命令导致：gem update --system
Solution 解决办法

$ rvm fix-permissions
$ rvm reinstall 2.5.6

错误 2：cannot load such file

kernel_require.rb:55:in `require':

Why 执行何命令导致：pod install or pod update
solution 解决办法

更新 rvm 版本（非必要）rvm get stable
删除多余的 ruby 版本，下面的 xxx 是版本号
• 查看 ./rvm/gems 中有几个 ruby 版本
• rvm remove xxx ，删除多余的版本
• rvm use xxx 设置 ruby 的使用版本

错误 3：GemNotFoundException

can't find gem cocoapods (>= 0.a) with executable pod (Gem::GemNotFoundException)

why 执行何命令导致：pod install
solution 解决方案：
先卸载再安装

$ gem uninstall cocoapods 
$ gem install cocoapods

详细过程记录（废话）

更新/安装 gem

gem update --system

过了几分钟，我这边跳出来的结果

Updating rubygems-update
Fetching: rubygems-update-3.0.6.gem (100%)
Successfully installed rubygems-update-3.0.6
Parsing documentation for rubygems-update-3.0.6
Installing ri documentation for rubygems-update-3.0.6
Installing darkfish documentation for rubygems-update-3.0.6
Done installing documentation for rubygems-update after 41 seconds
Parsing documentation for rubygems-update-3.0.6
Done installing documentation for rubygems-update after 0 seconds
Installing RubyGems 3.0.6
ERROR:  While executing gem ... (Errno::EACCES)
    Permission denied @ rb_sysopen - /Users/joanfen/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.3.0/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.3.0/rubygems/source_local.rb

加上 sudo 试了下，同样的错误

然后在 stackoverflow上找到了这个解决

$ rvm fix-permissions
$ rvm reinstall 2.5.6

当时 gem 安装成功后 pod 也更新成功了
两天后，中间电脑关过一次机，今天又抽风了

更新 pod 时报错
rubygems/core_ext/kernel_warn

/Users/joanfen/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.3.0/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.3.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require': cannot load such file -- rubygems/core_ext/kernel_warn (LoadError)
    from /Users/joanfen/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.3.0/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.3.0/rubygems/core_ext/kernel_require.rb:55:in `require'
    from /Users/joanfen/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.3.0/lib/ruby/site_ruby/2.3.0/rubygems.rb:1390:in `'
    from :4:in `require'
    from :4:in `'

执行了

rvm fix-permissions
# 这里的 2.5.6 是 ruby 版本号
rvm reinstall 2.5.6

发现还是不行，于是执行了

rvm info

发现没有设置过默认的 ruby 版本

system:

system:
uname:       "Darwin joanfendeMacBook-Pro.local 19.0.0 Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Wed Sep 25 20:18:50 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.11.26~2/RELEASE_X86_64 x86_64"
system:      "osx/10.15/x86_64"
bash:        "/bin/bash => GNU bash, version 3.2.57(1)-release (x86_64-apple-darwin19)"
zsh:         "/bin/zsh => zsh 5.7.1 (x86_64-apple-darwin19.0)"

rvm:
version:      "rvm 1.27.0 (latest) by Wayne E. Seguin [email protected], Michal Papis [email protected] [https://rvm.io/]"
updated:      "3 years 2 months 18 days 22 hours 36 minutes 25 seconds ago"
path:         "/Users/joanfen/.rvm"

homes:
gem:          "not set"
ruby:         "not set"

binaries:
ruby:         "/usr/bin/ruby"
irb:          "/usr/bin/irb"
gem:          "/usr/bin/gem"
rake:         "/usr/bin/rake"

environment:
PATH:         "/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_101.jdk/Contents/Home/Home/bin:/usr/local/bin/gradle-2.13/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/share/scala/bin:/usr/local/share/sbt/bin:/Users/joanfen/.rvm/bin"
GEM_HOME:     ""
GEM_PATH:     ""
MY_RUBY_HOME: ""
IRBRC:        ""
RUBYOPT:      ""
gemset:       ""

看了下自己的 .rvm/gems/ 里面有好几个 ruby 版本，于是把除了 2.5.6 的那个版本删掉

rvm remove 版本号

看了下自己的 rvm 版本号也过低，更新rvm版本

rvm get stable

更新后设置 ruby 版本

rvm use 2.5.6

再查看

rvm info

得到信息

ruby-2.5.6:

  system:
    uname:        "Darwin joanfendeMacBook-Pro.local 19.0.0 Darwin Kernel Version 19.0.0: Wed Sep 25 20:18:50 PDT 2019; root:xnu-6153.11.26~2/RELEASE_X86_64 x86_64"
    name:         "OSX"
    version:      "10.15"
    architecture: "x86_64"
    bash:         "/bin/bash => GNU bash, version 3.2.57(1)-release (x86_64-apple-darwin19)"
    zsh:          "/bin/zsh => zsh 5.7.1 (x86_64-apple-darwin19.0)"
    remote_path:  "osx/10.15/x86_64"
    xcode:        "11.1"

  rvm:
    version:      "1.29.9 (latest)"
    updated:      "7 minutes 59 seconds ago"
    path:         "/Users/joanfen/.rvm"
    autolibs:     "[4] Allow RVM to use package manager if found, install missing dependencies, install package manager (only OS X)."

  ruby:
    interpreter:  "ruby"
    version:      "2.5.6p201"
    date:         "2019-08-28"
    platform:     "x86_64-darwin19"
    patchlevel:   "2019-08-28 revision 67796"
    full_version: "ruby 2.5.6p201 (2019-08-28 revision 67796) [x86_64-darwin19]"

  homes:
    gem:          "/Users/joanfen/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.6"
    ruby:         "/Users/joanfen/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.5.6"

  binaries:
    ruby:         "/Users/joanfen/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.5.6/bin/ruby"
    irb:          "/Users/joanfen/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.5.6/bin/irb"
    gem:          "/Users/joanfen/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.5.6/bin/gem"
    rake:         "/Users/joanfen/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.5.6/bin/rake"

  environment:
    PATH:         "/Users/joanfen/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.6/bin:/Users/joanfen/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.6@global/bin:/Users/joanfen/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.5.6/bin:/Users/joanfen/.rvm/bin:/Library/Java/JavaVirtualMachines/jdk1.8.0_101.jdk/Contents/Home/Home/bin:/usr/local/bin/gradle-2.13/bin:/usr/bin:/bin:/usr/sbin:/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/local/share/scala/bin:/usr/local/share/sbt/bin"
    GEM_HOME:     "/Users/joanfen/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.6"
    GEM_PATH:     "/Users/joanfen/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.6:/Users/joanfen/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.6@global"
    MY_RUBY_HOME: "/Users/joanfen/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.5.6"
    IRBRC:        "/Users/joanfen/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.5.6/.irbrc"
    RUBYOPT:      ""
    gemset:       ""

再次执行

pod install

报错信息变化了，说明前面的问题解决

Traceback (most recent call last):
    4: from /Users/joanfen/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.6@global/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:24:in `'
    3: from /Users/joanfen/.rvm/gems/ruby-2.5.6@global/bin/ruby_executable_hooks:24:in `eval'
    2: from /usr/local/bin/pod:23:in `'
    1: from /Users/joanfen/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.5.6/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems.rb:303:in `activate_bin_path'
/Users/joanfen/.rvm/rubies/ruby-2.5.6/lib/ruby/2.5.0/rubygems.rb:284:in `find_spec_for_exe': can't find gem cocoapods (>= 0.a) with executable pod (Gem::GemNotFoundException)

没发现 cocoapods 这就很明显，重新安装了下 cocoapods，这里很诡异，明明前天才安装的 cocoapods，不知道自己做了什么操作搞成这样

gem install cocoapods

再次尝试 pod install
开始 Analyzing dependencies

问题解决