RMAN 设置和配置

RMAN设置和配置

1. FRA 管理

[oracle@XAG128 ~]$ sql / as sysdba

SQL> show parameter recovery;
NAME                       TYPE        VALUE                                    
-------------------------- ----------- ---------------------------------------- 
db_recovery_file_dest      string      /u01/app/oracle/fast_recovery_area/MPCDB 
db_recovery_file_dest_size big integer 12780M                                   
recovery_parallelism       integer     0                                        
remote_recovery_file_dest  string                                               

#查看归档模式
SQL>  archive log list;
Database log mode                       Archive log Mode
Automatic archival                      Enabled
Archive destination                     USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence              9
Next log sequence to archive            11
Current log sequence                    11

#设置新fra目录
[root@XAG128 ~]# mkdir -p /u03/fra/
[root@XAG128 ~]# chown -R oracle:oinstall /u03/fra/
[root@XAG128 ~]# chmod -R 775 /u03/fra/

SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest_size=15G scope=both;
SQL> alter system set db_recovery_file_dest='/u03/fra' scope=both;

SQL> show parameter recovery;
NAME                       TYPE        VALUE    
-------------------------- ----------- -------- 
db_recovery_file_dest      string      /u03/fra 
db_recovery_file_dest_size big integer 15G      
recovery_parallelism       integer     0        
remote_recovery_file_dest  string   


[oracle@XAG128 fra]$ ls

SQL> alter system switch logfile;

[oracle@XAG128 fra]$ ls
MPCDB
[oracle@XAG128 fra]$ cd MPCDB
[oracle@XAG128 MPCDB]$ ls
archivelog
[oracle@XAG128 MPCDB]$ cd archivelog/
[oracle@XAG128 archivelog]$ ls
2018_11_28
[oracle@XAG128 archivelog]$ cd 2018_11_28/
[oracle@XAG128 2018_11_28]$ ls
o1_mf_1_11_fzv2d1lj_.arc
#空间相关问题的警告
SQL> select * from dba_outstanding_alerts;
no rows selected

#数据库中fra概述
SQL> select * from v$recovery_file_dest;

NAME
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
SPACE_LIMIT SPACE_USED SPACE_RECLAIMABLE NUMBER_OF_FILES     CON_ID
----------- ---------- ----------------- --------------- ----------
/u03/fra                                                                                                                           
 1.6106E+10 4270562304        1142795776              18          0

#占用fra空间的文件类型的详细信息
SQL> select * from v$recovery_area_usage;

FILE_TYPE               PERCENT_SPACE_USED PERCENT_SPACE_RECLAIMABLE NUMBER_OF_FILES     CON_ID
----------------------- ------------------ ------------------------- --------------- ----------
CONTROL FILE                             0                         0               0          0
REDO LOG                                 0                         0               0          0
ARCHIVED LOG                           2.2                         0               3          0
BACKUP PIECE                         24.32                       7.1              15          0
IMAGE COPY                               0                         0               0          0
FLASHBACK LOG                            0                         0               0          0
FOREIGN ARCHIVED LOG                     0                         0               0          0
AUXILIARY DATAFILE COPY                  0                         0               0          0

2. 创建目标数据库rman备份账户

SQL> create user c##backup_admin identified by "xag123";
User C##BACKUP_ADMIN created.

SQL> grant sysbackup to c##backup_admin;
Grant succeeded.

#测试rman登录
[oracle@XAG128 ~]$ rman target  c##backup_admin/xag123;

3. 配置默认值

# 备份到磁盘，并行通道数=2，备份到备份集且压缩
RMAN> CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 2 BACKUP TYPE TO COMPRESSED BACKUPSET;

old RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 2 BACKUP TYPE TO BACKUPSET;
new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE DEVICE TYPE DISK PARALLELISM 2 BACKUP TYPE TO COMPRESSED BACKUPSET;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored

#限制所有信道单个备份集片的大小
##这个命令设置了信道的备份片最大1g，最多可以打开8个文件，读取速度限制在100MB以内的吞吐量。
RMAN> configure channel device type disk maxpiecesize 1G maxopenfiles 8 rate 100m;
new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CHANNEL DEVICE TYPE DISK MAXPIECESIZE 1 G MAXOPENFILES 8 RATE 100 M;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored

##这个命令设置了信道2的备份片最大2g，最多可以打开16个文件，读取速度限制在200MB以内的吞吐量。
RMAN> configure channel 1 device type disk maxpiecesize 2G maxopenfiles 16 rate 200m;

new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE CHANNEL 1 DEVICE TYPE DISK MAXPIECESIZE 2 G MAXOPENFILES 16 RATE 200 M;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored

#限制 及 取消 备份集整体大小
RMAN> configure maxsetsize to 10G;

old RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED;
new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO 10 G;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored


RMAN> configure maxsetsize clear;
old RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO 10 G;
RMAN configuration parameters are successfully reset to default value
or
RMAN> CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED;
old RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO 10 G;
new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE MAXSETSIZE TO UNLIMITED;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored

#配置控制文件自动备份
RMAN> CONFIGURE CONTROLFILE AUTOBACKUP ON;

#配置默认保留策略
##保留最近3个备份，其他自动被删除
RMAN> configure retention policy to redundancy 3;

new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE RETENTION POLICY TO REDUNDANCY 3;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored

#配置归档日志删除策略
##默认情况下oracle 将配置的备份保留策略应用于归档重做日志
###配置归档日志删除策略：归档日志备份超过 2 次，归档日志将会被删除。
RMAN> configure archivelog deletion policy to backed up 2 times to device type disk;
new RMAN configuration parameters:
CONFIGURE ARCHIVELOG DELETION POLICY TO BACKED UP 2 TIMES TO DISK;
new RMAN configuration parameters are successfully stored

AGD环境归档删除策略参考 ORACLE 12C ADG 之十五(ADG环境自动删除归档)

4. 控制文件中存储备份记录的保留天数(大于FRA配置保留策略)

SQL> show parameter control_file_record_keep_time;
NAME                                              TYPE        VALUE 
----------------------------- ------- ----------------------------   
control_file_record_keep_time integer           7