初高中语法专题(特殊疑问词及短语):中考常考的特殊疑问词或短语知识点综合讲解及习题专练归纳总结(完整版)

一. 特殊疑问词或短语:

1. 定义:用来提问的代词或副词,引导的句子通常为特殊疑问句;

2. 分类及用法:

(1) what意为“什么”,为疑问代词用来询问事物或者所做的事情;

  e.g. ①What’s this in English?

              It’s an apple.

        ②What’s does your father do?

            He is a doctor.

        ③What is Tom doing?

          He is doing his homework.

(2) who意为“谁”,用来询问人,宾格为whom;名词所有格为whose,whose意为“谁的”,用来询问物体所属;who,whom和whose均为疑问代词;

  e.g. ①Who is the man over there?

            He is my English teacher.

        ②Whose book is it?

              It’s Mary’s.

        ③Whom/Who did you go to the park with?

              With my mother.

(3) where意为“哪里”,为疑问副词,用来询问地点;相当于what place(什么地方),但what place为疑问代词短语;

  e.g. ①Where is the library?

              It’s between the bank and the supermarket.

        ②Where did your father go last week?

              He went to Beijing.

          ③Where did Tom live?

              He lives in Shanghai.

        ④What place does Tom live in?

            He lives in Shanghai.

(4) why意为“为什么”,为疑问副词,用来询问原因,通常情况下,答语用because来作答;

  e.g.①Why do you like dogs?

            Because they are cute and loyal.

        ②Why does Mary look tired?

            Because she stayed up late yesterday.

(5) when意为“何时,什么时候”,为疑问副词,用来询问时间点;what time意为“几点钟,什么时候”,也用来询问时间点,答语只能为几点钟或是几点几分;可用when来替换,when的使用范围较广,所有的时间点都可以用when来提问;

  e.g. ①When/What time does Tom usually go to school every day?

            At 6:30.

        ②When is your mother’s birthday?

            It’s in July/on July 1st.

        ③When did you go to France?

            Last year.

(6) how意为“怎么样,如何”,为疑问副词,用来询问身体状况或是方式,答语通常用by(通过什么样的方式)来回答;

  e.g. ①How is your brother?

              He is fine. Thanks.

          ②How does your uncle go to work from Monday to Friday?

              By bus.

          ③How does Mary study English?

              By repeating English words and listening English songs.

(7)how long意为“多久,多长时间”,用来询问时间段,答语通常为时间段或是“for +时间段”;

  e.g. ①How long does it take you to go to school?

            Half an hour.

        ②How long does Tom learn Japanese?

            For five years.

(8) how many或是how much意为“多少”,用来询问数量;how many用来询问可数名词的数量,how much用来询问不可数名词的数量;

  e.g. ①How many bananas do we need?

              Five bananas.

          ②How much water did your father drink today?

            =How many cups of water did you father drink today?

              Three cups of water.

(9)how far意为“多远”,用来询问距离;

  e.g. ①How far is it from your home to school?

            About twenty minutes’ walk.

        ②How far is it from here to the supermarket?

            About three kilometers.

(10) how often意为“多久一次”,用来询问频率,答语通常为表频率的短语(如three times a week)或是频率副词;相当于“how many times +时间段”,意为“多长时间几次”;

  e.g. ①How often do you usually watch TV?

            Twice a week.

        ②How many times a month does your father go to the park?

            Three times.

(11) what color意为“什么颜色”,用来询问颜色,答语通常为表示颜色的词;

  e.g. ①What color is it?

              It’s blue.

          ②What color do you like best?

                Pink.

(12) how much意为“多少钱”,用来询问价格;相当于what’s the price of…

  e.g. ①How much does the sweater cost you?

              Five hundred yuan.

          ②How much is the book?

            =What’s the price of the book?

              It’s ten dollars.

(13) how soon意为“多久以后”,用来询问时间,用于一般将来时,答语通常为“in +时间段”;

  e.g.①How soon will Tom go to Beijing?

            In five days.

        ②How soon will they start to study this course?

            In one month. /One month later.

(14) how old意为“多大,几岁”,用来询问年龄;

  e.g. ①How old is your father?

            He is in fifties.

          ②How old is your mother?

              He is at the age of forty.

          ③How old is your brother?

              He is ten years old.

(15) what day意为“星期几”,用来询问星期,答语为表示星期几的单词;what’s the date意为“几号”,用来询问日期,答语为“几月几号”;

    e.g. ①What day is it today?

              It’s Sunday.

          ②When is it today?

              It’s on Sunday.

          ③What’s the date today?

                It’s June 2nd.

          ④When is it today?

              It’s on June 1st.

(16) what else意为“别的什么”,用来询问事情或东西。

    e.g. What else do you need?

            Two cups of water are ok.

二. 习题精品专练:......

习题及答案见于公众号初高中英语学习资料

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