Django打造大型企业官网-项目实战(四)

Django打造大型企业官网-项目实战(四)


 

一、新闻相关功能

 在项目实战三中,我们完成了新闻分类相关的一些功能,现在我们来完成新闻列表、发布新闻、编辑新闻、删除新闻的功能

1、发布新闻/编辑新闻 功能实现

 

 发布新闻、编辑新闻结合了 UEditor 富文本编辑器,关于UEditor编辑器使用,可参考随笔:https://www.cnblogs.com/Eric15/p/11022175.html

 1)HTML前端代码:发布新闻/编辑新闻 共用

 HTML代码 + UEditor 编辑器 + jQuery

{% extends 'crm/base.html' %}

{% block title %}
    {% if news %}
        编辑新闻
    {% else %}
        发布新闻
    {% endif %}
{% endblock %}

{% block head %}
{#    #}
    
    
{#    #}
{% endblock %}

{% block content-header %}
    

{% if news %} 编辑新闻 {% else %} 发布新闻 {% endif %}

{% endblock %} {% block content %}
{% csrf_token %}
{% if news %} {% else %} {% endif %}
{% if news %} {% else %} {% endif %}
{% if news %} {% else %} {% endif %}
{% endblock %} {% block front-js %} {% endblock %}
edit_news.html

 

 2)views:后端代码

  发布新闻:

class AddNews(View):
    """新增新闻"""
    def get(self, request):
        categories = NewsCategory.objects.all()
        return render(request, 'crm/edit_news.html', {"categories": categories})

    def post(self, request):
        news_form = NewsForm(request.POST)
        if news_form.is_valid():
            # news_form.save()  # 也可以直接用此种方法,如果是更新则不能用
            title = news_form.cleaned_data.get('title')
            desc = news_form.cleaned_data.get('desc')
            thumbnail = news_form.cleaned_data.get('thumbnail')
            content = news_form.cleaned_data.get('content')
            category = news_form.cleaned_data.get('category')
            News.objects.create(title=title, desc=desc, thumbnail=thumbnail, content=content, category=category,
                                author=request.user)
            return JsonResponse({'status': True, 'message': '恭喜!新闻已发布成功!'})
        else:
            return JsonResponse({'status': False, 'message': '输入数据有误,新闻无法发布!'})
发布新闻:AddNews

 编辑新闻:

class EditNews(View):
    """编辑新闻"""
    def get(self, request, news_id):
        news = News.objects.get(id=news_id)
        categories = NewsCategory.objects.all()
        return render(request, 'crm/edit_news.html', {'news': news, 'categories': categories})

    def post(self, request, news_id):
        news_obj = News.objects.filter(id=news_id).first()
        news_form = NewsForm(request.POST, instance=news_obj)
        if news_form.is_valid():
            title = news_form.cleaned_data.get('title')
            desc = news_form.cleaned_data.get('desc')
            thumbnail = news_form.cleaned_data.get('thumbnail')
            content = news_form.cleaned_data.get('content')
            category = news_form.cleaned_data.get('category')
            News.objects.filter(id=news_id).update(title=title, desc=desc, thumbnail=thumbnail, content=content,
                                              category=category)
            return JsonResponse({"status": True, "message": "恭喜!新闻更新成功并完成发布!"})
        else:
            return JsonResponse({"status": False, "message": "数据更改有误,新闻更新失败!"})
编辑新闻:EditNews

 

 3)forms.py:发布新闻/编辑新闻 共用

from django import forms

from news.models import News


class NewsForm(forms.ModelForm):
    """新闻"""

    class Meta:   # models中将author设置可为null,pub_time自动添加,因此我们可以不用另加 exclude 字段限制(剔除不需要的字段)
        model = News
        fields = "__all__"
crm/forms.py

 

 4)urls.py:

from django.urls import path, re_path

from crm import views

urlpatterns = [

    path("add_news/", views.AddNews.as_view(), name='add_news'),   # crm 管理后台 新增新闻
    path("add_news/upload_file", views.upload_file, name='upload_file'),   # crm 管理后台 新增新闻[上传缩略图]
    re_path("edit_news/(\w+)/$", views.EditNews.as_view(), name='edit_news'),   # crm 管理后台 编辑新闻


]
urls.py

 

 5)缩略图上传相关js代码已经集成到 edit_news.html 中 ,后端代码如下:

@require_POST
def upload_file(request):
    """新闻缩略图上传"""
    file = request.FILES.get('file')
    name = file.name
    with open(os.path.join(settings.MEDIA_ROOT, 'news', 'images', name), 'wb') as fp:  # 图片保存路径
        for chunk in file.chunks():
            fp.write(chunk)
    url = request.build_absolute_uri(settings.MEDIA_URL+"news/"+"images/"+name)   # url 返回给前端显示
    return JsonResponse({"status": True, "url": url})
新增/编辑新闻 - 上传缩略图

 

二、django-rest -framework 实现:首页展示新闻文章篇数,通过点击 '加载更多',异步加载更多文章篇数

 原理:根据前端传递的页码,目前指定一页显示两篇文章,每点击一次 '加载更多' 则加载多一页的文章(即两篇),后端拿到页码,获取相应的文章数据并序列化传回给前端。传统做法:News.objects.all().value()[start:end],获取到的是字典类型(最外层还是QuerySet)对象,可序列化后传递到前端使用。但这种方式碰到带有外键字段的会有所缺陷,即外键字段只能获取到相应的外键id,如外键关联作者,获取到的只有id数值:author_id: 2 ,而外键关联的作者其他数据并不能获取到。

此时,可以使用django-rest -framework 来实现后端数据无损序列化。

 关于django-rest-framework 可参考链接:https://www.cnblogs.com/Eric15/articles/9532648.html

1、虚拟环境下安装 django-rest-framework

pip install djangorestframework

 

 2、在settings.py/INSTALLED_APP 中注册:

 记得 makemigrations 、migrate 生成表数据

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    '',
    'rest_framework',

]

 

 3、使用django-rest-framework 下的serializers 序列化

 后端代码相关

 1)序列化 serializers.py:

# user/serializers.py
from rest_framework import serializers
from users.models import UserProfile


class UserSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = UserProfile
        fields = ('id', 'mobile', 'username', 'email', 'employee', 'is_active')




# news/serializers.py
from rest_framework import serializers
from news.models import News,NewsCategory, Comment, Banner
from users.serializers import UserSerializer


class NewsCategorySerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    class Meta:
        model = NewsCategory
        fields = ('id', 'name')


class NewsSerializer(serializers.ModelSerializer):
    category = NewsCategorySerializer()
    author = UserSerializer()

    class Meta:
        model = News
        fields = ('id', 'title', 'desc', 'thumbnail', 'pub_time', 'category', 'author')
序列化:serializers.py

 2)views.py:

from django.http import JsonResponse

from xfz.settings import ONE_PAGE_NEWS_COUNT, INDEX_CATEGORY_COUNT
from news.models import News, NewsCategory
from news.serializers import NewsSerializer

def news_list(request):
    # 通过 p 参数,来指定要获取第几页的数据, 通过新闻分类category_id获取该分类下新闻数据
    # p category_id 参数是通过查询字符串的方式传递过来的:/news/list/?p=2&category_id=1
    page = int(request.GET.get('p', 1))
    # 分类为0是,表示不进行任何分类,直接按照时间倒序排序,在models.py中已经默认新闻数据按倒序排序
    category_id = int(request.GET.get("category_id", 0))
    start = (page - 1) * ONE_PAGE_NEWS_COUNT
    end = start + ONE_PAGE_NEWS_COUNT
    if category_id == 0:
        # 不考虑新闻分类限制
        newses = News.objects.select_related('category', 'author').all()[start:end]
    else:
        newses = News.objects.select_related('category', 'author').filter(category__id=category_id)[start:end]
    serializer = NewsSerializer(newses, many=True)
    data = serializer.data  # 序列化后数据保存在serializers.data中
    return JsonResponse({"status": True, "data": data})   # 转换成json格式
View Code

 3)urls.py:

from django.urls import path
from . import views

urlpatterns = [

    path("news_list/", views.news_list, name='news_list'),    # 新闻列表
]
View Code

 4)前端html代码:包括功能→  时间日期过滤器、点击'加载更多' 加载更多文章、点击'新闻分类'如'热点' 加载更多热点相关新闻

{% load news_filters %}

"en">

    "UTF-8">
    {% block title %}小饭桌{% endblock %}
    "stylesheet" href="{% static 'css/news/index.min.css' %}">
    
    
    
    




class="header">
class="container">
class="logo-box"> "">
class="nav">
class="nav-float">
class="auth-box"> {% if request.user.is_authenticated%}
class="auth-login">
class="personal">
class="user">

class="current-user">{{ request.user }}

class="top-down">"{% static 'images/auth/top_down.png' %}"/> class="touxiang">"45" height="45" src="{{ MEDIA_URL }}{{ request.user.image }}"/>
class="userdetail">
class="personal-info"> "60" height="60" src="{{ MEDIA_URL }}{{ request.user.image }}"/>
class="user-info">

{{ request.user }}

{{ request.user.employee }}111

{% else %}

class="personal-p">

{% endif %}
{% block body %}
class="main">
class="wrapper"> {% block left-content %}
class="main-content-wrapper">
class="news-list-group">
class="news-inner">
    class="list-tab">
  • "news-category-val" data-category="0" {% if category_id == 0 %}class="active"{% endif %} οnclick="categoryAction(this)">"javascript:void(0)">最新资讯
  • {% for news_category in news_categories %}
  • "news-category-val" data-category="{{ news_category.id }}" {% if category_id == news_category.id %}class="active"{% endif %} οnclick="categoryAction(this)">"javascript:void(0)">{{ news_category.name }}
  • {% endfor %}
class="load-more-group">
{% endblock %} {% block right-wrapper %}
class="sidebar-wrapper">
class="online-class"> class="class-title">在线课堂 class="more">"#">更多
class="platform-group">
class="online-class"> class="class-title">关注小饭桌
class="focus-group">
class="right-group">

class="desc">扫码关注小饭桌微信公众平台xfz008

class="hot-news-group">
class="online-class"> class="class-title">热门推荐
{% endblock %}
{% endblock %}
class="footer">
class="top-group">
class="top-inner-group">
class="logo-box">
class="detail-group">
class="line1">
class="about-us"> class="title">关于我们:
class="line2">

class="address"> 地址:北京市朝阳区东三环北路38号院1号楼17层2001内1、16室

class="contact"> 联系方式:400-810-1090(工作日10点-18点)

class="bottom-group"> ©2017 北京子木投资顾问有限公司 京ICP备15051289号-1
index.html

 

三、django-debug-toolbar 使用介绍 

 django_debug_toolbar 是django的第三方工具包,给django扩展了很多便利的调试功能。包括查看执行的sql语句、db查询次数、request、headers、调试概览等

 界面:

  

 1、虚拟环境下安装:

pip install django_debug_toolbar

 

2、settings.py中配置:

 1)INSTALLED_APPS 注册: 

  需要注意的是,debug_toolbar要放在django.contrib.staticfiles 之后,当然不要理解为紧跟着django.contrib.staticfiles后面,只要在后面即可

INSTALLED_APPS = [
    # ...
    'django.contrib.staticfiles',
    # ...
    'debug_toolbar',   # 这个
]

 2)Middleware 中间件配置:

MIDDLEWARE_CLASSES = [
    # ...
    'debug_toolbar.middleware.DebugToolbarMiddleware',
    # ...
]

  在settings中的MIDDLEWARE配置’debug_toolbar.middleware.DebugToolbarMiddleware’,我们要把django-debug-toolbar这个中间件尽可能配置到最前面,但是,必须要要放在处理编码和响应内容的中间件后面,比如我们要是使用了GZipMiddleware,就要把DebugToolbarMiddleware放在GZipMiddleware后面。 

如下图,我没有使用到处理编码和响应内容的中间件后面,所以直接放在了最前面
 

 3)配置 IP 地址

  我们需要在settings.py文件中配置INTERNAL_IPS,只有访问这里面配置的ip地址时, Debug Toolbar才是展示出来。因为我们一般都是本地开发,所以,直接配置为127.0.0.1就可以了

# settings.py

INTERNAL_IPS = ("127.0.0.1",)

 

3、url路由配置:

urlpatterns = [
    ""
]

if settings.DEBUG:  # 只有在debug 模式下,才能使用django-debug-toolbar
    import debug_toolbar
    urlpatterns.append(path("__debug__/", include(debug_toolbar.urls)))

简单配置后,我们启动项目,前端界面就会显示一个 DjDt 图标,用于 django-debug-toolbar 调试:

  

点击 DjDT 图标,展开详细信息:

  

4、django-debug-toolbar 面板介绍

  • Versions :代表是哪个django版本
  • Timer : 用来计时的,判断加载当前页面总共花的时间
  • Settings : 读取django中的配置信息
  • Headers : 当前请求头和响应头信息
  • Request: 当前请求的想信息(视图函数,Cookie信息,Session信息等)
  • SQL:查看当前界面执行的SQL语句
  • StaticFiles:当前界面加载的静态文件
  • Templates:当前界面用的模板
  • Cache:缓存信息
  • Signals:信号
  • Logging:当前界面日志信息
  • Redirects:当前界面的重定向信息

 自定义django-debug-toolbar面板:

# settings.py
DEBUG_TOOLBAR_PANELS = [
    # 代表是哪个django版本
    'debug_toolbar.panels.versions.VersionsPanel',
    # 用来计时的,判断加载当前页面总共花的时间
    'debug_toolbar.panels.timer.TimerPanel',
    # 读取django中的配置信息
    'debug_toolbar.panels.settings.SettingsPanel',
    # 看到当前请求头和响应头信息
    'debug_toolbar.panels.headers.HeadersPanel',
    # 当前请求的想信息(视图函数,Cookie信息,Session信息等)
    'debug_toolbar.panels.request.RequestPanel',
    # 查看SQL语句
    'debug_toolbar.panels.sql.SQLPanel',
    # 静态文件
    'debug_toolbar.panels.staticfiles.StaticFilesPanel',
    # 模板文件
    'debug_toolbar.panels.templates.TemplatesPanel',
    # 缓存
    'debug_toolbar.panels.cache.CachePanel',
    # 信号
    'debug_toolbar.panels.signals.SignalsPanel',
    # 日志
    'debug_toolbar.panels.logging.LoggingPanel',
    # 重定向
    'debug_toolbar.panels.redirects.RedirectsPanel',

可通过在settings.py 中自定义 DEBUG_TOOLBAR_PANELS 面板选项,在前端DrDTV面板中展示我们所需要的面板信息 

 5、debug_toolbar 配置项:

 默认为如下选项,不写则按如下默认,可根据需要调整

# settings.py

CONFIG_DEFAULTS = {
    # Toolbar options
    'DISABLE_PANELS': {'debug_toolbar.panels.redirects.RedirectsPanel'},
    'INSERT_BEFORE': '',
    'JQUERY_URL': '//cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/2.1.4/jquery.min.js',
    'RENDER_PANELS': None,
    'RESULTS_CACHE_SIZE': 10,
    'ROOT_TAG_EXTRA_ATTRS': '',
    'SHOW_COLLAPSED': False,
    'SHOW_TOOLBAR_CALLBACK': 'debug_toolbar.middleware.show_toolbar',
    # Panel options
    'EXTRA_SIGNALS': [],
    'ENABLE_STACKTRACES': True,
    'HIDE_IN_STACKTRACES': (
        'socketserver' if six.PY3 else 'SocketServer',
        'threading',
        'wsgiref',
        'debug_toolbar',
        'django',
    ),
    'PROFILER_MAX_DEPTH': 10,
    'SHOW_TEMPLATE_CONTEXT': True,
    'SKIP_TEMPLATE_PREFIXES': (
        'django/forms/widgets/',
        'admin/widgets/',
    ),
    'SQL_WARNING_THRESHOLD': 500,   # milliseconds
django-debug-toolbar:CONFIG_DEFAULTS

 需要注意的一点是:CONFIG_DEFAULTS 中 'JQUERY_URL': '//cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/2.1.4/jquery.min.js' 指向的是Google 下的 js文件,属国外网(服务器),在国内引用容易造成网络慢或404页面的错误,因此,在使用django-debug-toolbar时,建议将 'JQUERY_URL' 设置指向国内相关js,如:'JQUERY_URL': '//cdn.bootcss.com/jquery/2.1.4/jquery.min.js' , 如果在项目中有引用 jquery.min.js 文件,也可以直接配置为空,本项目中便是这样配置的。

# django-debug-toolbar 配置
DEBUG_TOOLBAR_CONFIG = {
    'JQUERY_URL': ''
}

 


 

四、实现搜索功能

1、普通方式实现搜索功能

 适用于数据不是特别多的场景

后端代码实现:views.py

from django.shortcuts import render
from django.db.models import Q
from courses.models import Course

def search(request):
    """搜索"""
    search_field = request.GET.get("q", "")
    if search_field:
        newses = News.objects.select_related("category", "author").filter(Q(title__icontains=search_field)|Q(content__icontains=search_field))
        return render(request, 'search/search.html', locals())
    else:
        hot_newses = News.objects.select_related("category", "author")[0:4]   #热门推荐
        return render(request, 'search/search.html', {"hot_newses": hot_newses})

 urls.py:

urlpatterns = [

    path("search/", search, name='search'),

]

前端代码实现:search.html

{% extends 'front_base.html' %}

{% block title %}搜索{% endblock %}
{% block front-css %}
<link rel="stylesheet" href="{% static 'css/search/search.min.css' %}">
{% endblock %}

{% block left-content %}

<div class="main-content-wrapper">
    
    <div class="search-group">
        <form action="" method="get">
            <input type="text" name="q" class="search-input" placeholder="可输入新闻内容、简介关键字" value="{{ search_field }}">
            <input type="submit" class="search-btn" value="搜索">
        form>
    div>
    {% if newses %}

        <div class="recommend-group">
            <p class="recommend-title">搜索结果p>
            <ul class="recommend-list">
                {% for news in newses %}
                <li>
                    <div class="thumbnail-group">
                        <a href="{% url 'news_detail' news.id %}">
                            <img src="{{ news.thumbnail }}"
                                 alt="">
                        a>
                    div>
                    <div class="news-group">
                        <p class="title">
                            <a href="{% url 'news_detail' news.id %}">{{ news.title }}a>
                        p>
                        <p class="desc">
                            {{ news.desc }}
                        p>
                        <p class="more">
                            <span class="category">{{ news.category.name }}span>
                            <span class="pub-time">{{ news.pub_time|timesince }}span>
                            <span class="author">{{ news.author.username }}span>
                        p>
                    div>
                li>
                {% endfor %}
            ul>
        div>
    {% elif hot_newses %}
    
    <div class="recommend-group">
        <p class="recommend-title">热门推荐p>
        <ul class="recommend-list">
            {% for hot_news in hot_newses %}
                <li>
                    <div class="thumbnail-group">
                        <a href="{% url 'news_detail' hot_news.id %}">
                            <img src="{{ hot_news.thumbnail }}"
                                 alt="">
                        a>
                    div>
                    <div class="news-group">
                        <p class="title">
                            <a href="{% url 'news_detail' hot_news.id %}">{{ hot_news.title }}a>
                        p>
                        <p class="desc">
                            {{ hot_news.desc }}
                        p>
                        <p class="more">
                            <span class="category">{{ hot_news.category.name }}span>
                            <span class="pub-time">{{ hot_news.pub_time|timesince }}span>
                            <span class="author">{{ hot_news.author.username }}span>
                        p>
                    div>
            li>
            {% endfor %}
        ul>

    div>

    {% else %}
        <div class="recommend-group">
            <p class="recommend-title">搜索结果p>
            <p style="width: 100%;height: 100px;text-align: center;line-height: 100px; font-size: 20px">抱歉ヽ(ー_ー)ノ 没有搜到与 "{{ search_field }}" 相关的新闻信息~p>
        div>
    {% endif %}

div>
{% endblock %}

{% block right-wrapper %}

<div class="sidebar-wrapper">
    <div class="online-class">
        <span class="class-title">在线课堂span>
        <span class="more"><a href="#">更多a>span>
    div>
    <div class="hot-advertist">
        <a href="#">
            <img src="{% static 'images/build/hot-advertist.png' %}" alt="">
        a>
    div>
    <div class="platform-group">
        <div class="online-class">
            <span class="class-title">关注小饭桌span>
        div>
        <div class="focus-group">
            <ul class="left-group">
                <li class="zhihu">
                    <a href="#" target="_blank">小饭桌创业课堂a>
                li>
                <li class="weibo">
                    <a href="#" target="_blank">小饭桌创业课堂a>
                li>
                <li class="toutiao">
                    <a href="#" target="_blank">小饭桌a>
                li>
            ul>
            <div class="right-group">
                <p class="desc">扫码关注小饭桌微信公众平台xfz008p>
            div>
        div>
    div>
    <div class="hot-news-group">
        <div class="online-class">
            <span class="class-title">热门课程span>
        div>
        <ul class="hot-list-group">
            <li>
                <div class="left-group">
                    <p class="title">
                        <a href="#">对赌是什么?该不该做对赌...a>
                    p>
                    <p class="more">
                        <span class="category"><a href="#">知了课堂CEOa>span>
                        <span class="price free">免费span>
                    p>
                div>
                <div class="right-group">
                    <a href="#">
                        <img src="{% static 'images/course/1513577022_550.png' %}" alt="">
                    a>
                div>
            li>
            <li>
                <div class="left-group">
                    <p class="title">
                        <a href="#">对赌是什么?该不该做对赌...a>
                    p>
                    <p class="more">
                        <span class="category"><a href="#">知了课堂CEOa>span>
                        <span class="price pay">¥19.9span>
                    p>
                div>
                <div class="right-group">
                    <a href="#">
                        <img src="{% static 'images/course/1513577022_550.png' %}" alt="">
                    a>
                div>
            li>
        ul>
    div>
div>
{% endblock %}
search.html

界面:

 


 

2、使用 django-haystack实现全文搜索

 1)django-haystack插件:

  django-haystack 插件,是专门给 django 提供搜索功能的。django-haystack 提供了一个搜索的接口,底层可以根据自己的需求更好搜索引擎。它其实有点类似于 django 中的ORM 插件,提供了一个操作数据库的接口,但是底层具体使用哪个数据库是可以自己设置的。安装方式也非常简单,通过 pip install django-haystack 即可安装

 2)搜索引擎:

  django-haystack 支持的搜索引擎有 Solr 、Elasticsearch 、Whoosh  、Xapian 等,whoosh 是基于纯python 的搜索引擎,检索速度快,集成方便,因此这里我们就选择 Whoosh 来作为 haystack 的搜索引擎。 安装方式同样是通过 pip 安装的:pip install whoosh

 注意:django-haystack 适用于 数据比较多的场景(上千万、上亿数据),如果数据量较少,使用普通的搜索方式就可以了

 3)集成步骤:

  3.1)在项目中安装 django-haystack 、Whoosh

pip install django-haystack

pip install whoosh

   3.2)在 INSTALLED_APPS 中注册 django-haystack:

INSTALLED_APPS = [

    'haystack',   # django-haystack
]

  3.3)在settings.py 中配置相应的搜索引擎:

# 全局搜索django-haystack 配置
HAYSTACK_CONNECTIONS = {
    'default': {
        # 设置 haystack 的搜索引擎
        'ENGINE': 'haystack.backends.whoosh_backend.WhooshEngine',
        # 设置索引文件的位置,同时在项目目录中新建 whoosh_index 文件夹
        'PATH': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'whoosh_index'),
    }
}

  3.4)在 相应的 app目录下新建一个 search_indexes.py 文件,然后创建索引类。比如要给 news app 创建索引,在news 目录下新建 search_indexes.py 文件 ,里面代码编写:

# news.py/search_indexes.py

from haystack import indexes

from news.models import News


class NewsIndex(indexes.SearchIndex, indexes.Indexable):
    text = indexes.CharField(document=True, use_template=True)    # 为了方便,必须取名为 text

    def get_model(self):
        return News

    def index_queryset(self, using=None):
        return self.get_model().objects.all()

   3.5)索引创建好了,需要指定字段为索引的字段,如本例中使用 news models下的news表 中的 title 、content 作为索引字段 , 步骤:

    在 templates 目录下新建 search 文件夹 → 进入search 目录  ,新建子文件夹:indexes → 进入 indexes 目录,再新建 news子文件夹(对应 news app) → 进入 news 目录下,新建txt文件:news_text.txt (命名规则:appname_索引name)→ 最后,在 news_text.txt 文件中指定索引字段:

# templates/search/indexes/news/news_text.txt

{{ object.title }}          # title 为索引字段
{{ object.content }}     # content 为索引字段

 

   3.6)urls.py 映射:

urlpatterns = [

    path("search/", include("haystack.urls")),
]

  3.7)templates/search 文件夹下创建 search.html 模板文件, haystack 会自动的在 templates 文件夹下寻找这个模板文件然后渲染,并且会给这个模板文件传入 page、paginator 、query 等参数。其中 page 和 paginator 分别是django内置的Page类和Paginator类的对象,query 是查询的关键字, 我们可以通过 page.object_list 获取到查找出来的数据。

   从 page.object_list 获取所有 newses 数据 ,但此时的 newses 数据类型并不是QuerySet ,需要 for 循环操作取出 每一个 news 相关数据,再通过 .object 语法获取到我们要的 news 数据 。代码实现如下:

  
View Code

 

 

  3.8)上述工作都处理好了,在启动项目 运用搜索功能前,我们需要先进行创建索引指令操作:

# 在 pycharm 下的 manage.py 下执行创建索引指令:

rebuild_index



# 直接创建索引指令:
python manage.py rebuild_index

 

 

 这样,便创建完索引,可以使用 django-haystack搜索功能了


 

   4)使用 jieba 分词替换 Whoosh 默认的分词

   Whoosh 默认是采用正则表达式进行分词的,这对于英文来说是足够了,但是对于中文却支持不好。因此我们需要替换该默认分词为 jieba 分词,jieba分词是中文分词中最好用的免费的分词库,但对英文分词比较不是很友好,要使用 jieba 分词库,需要通过 pip install jieba 进行安装

   安装完成后,我们采取 Whoosh与 jieba 分词相结合的方式来实现适用于英文、中文的搜索。在 news app 目录下创建一个名为 whoosh_cn_backend.py 的文件 ,把下述代码复制粘贴到里面

# whoosh_cn_backend.py

# encoding: utf-8

from __future__ import absolute_import, division, print_function, unicode_literals

import json
import os
import re
import shutil
import threading
import warnings

from django.conf import settings
from django.core.exceptions import ImproperlyConfigured
from django.utils import six
from django.utils.datetime_safe import datetime
from django.utils.encoding import force_text

from haystack.backends import BaseEngine, BaseSearchBackend, BaseSearchQuery, EmptyResults, log_query
from haystack.constants import DJANGO_CT, DJANGO_ID, ID
from haystack.exceptions import MissingDependency, SearchBackendError, SkipDocument
from haystack.inputs import Clean, Exact, PythonData, Raw
from haystack.models import SearchResult
from haystack.utils import log as logging
from haystack.utils import get_identifier, get_model_ct
from haystack.utils.app_loading import haystack_get_model

try:
    import whoosh
except ImportError:
    raise MissingDependency("The 'whoosh' backend requires the installation of 'Whoosh'. Please refer to the documentation.")

# Handle minimum requirement.
if not hasattr(whoosh, '__version__') or whoosh.__version__ < (2, 5, 0):
    raise MissingDependency("The 'whoosh' backend requires version 2.5.0 or greater.")

# Bubble up the correct error.
from whoosh import index
from whoosh.analysis import StemmingAnalyzer
from whoosh.fields import ID as WHOOSH_ID
from whoosh.fields import BOOLEAN, DATETIME, IDLIST, KEYWORD, NGRAM, NGRAMWORDS, NUMERIC, Schema, TEXT
from whoosh.filedb.filestore import FileStorage, RamStorage
from whoosh.highlight import highlight as whoosh_highlight
from whoosh.highlight import ContextFragmenter, HtmlFormatter
from whoosh.qparser import QueryParser
from whoosh.searching import ResultsPage
from whoosh.writing import AsyncWriter


DATETIME_REGEX = re.compile('^(?P\d{4})-(?P\d{2})-(?P\d{2})T(?P\d{2}):(?P\d{2}):(?P\d{2})(\.\d{3,6}Z?)?$')
LOCALS = threading.local()
LOCALS.RAM_STORE = None

import jieba
from whoosh.analysis import Tokenizer, Token


class ChineseTokenizer(Tokenizer):
    def __call__(self, value, positions=False, chars=False, keeporiginal=False, removestops=True, start_pos=0,
                 start_char=0, mode='', **kwargs):
        t = Token(positions, chars, removestops=removestops, mode=mode, **kwargs)
        seglist = jieba.cut(value, cut_all=True)
        for w in seglist:
            t.original = t.text = w
            t.boost = 1.0
            if positions:
                t.pos = start_pos + value.find(w)

            if chars:
                t.startchar = start_char + value.find(w)
                t.endchar = start_char + value.find(w) + len(w)
            yield t


def ChineseAnalyzer():
    return ChineseTokenizer()


class WhooshHtmlFormatter(HtmlFormatter):
    """
    This is a HtmlFormatter simpler than the whoosh.HtmlFormatter.
    We use it to have consistent results across backends. Specifically,
    Solr, Xapian and Elasticsearch are using this formatting.
    """
    template = '<%(tag)s>%(t)s'


class WhooshSearchBackend(BaseSearchBackend):
    # Word reserved by Whoosh for special use.
    RESERVED_WORDS = (
        'AND',
        'NOT',
        'OR',
        'TO',
    )

    # Characters reserved by Whoosh for special use.
    # The '\\' must come first, so as not to overwrite the other slash replacements.
    RESERVED_CHARACTERS = (
        '\\', '+', '-', '&&', '||', '!', '(', ')', '{', '}',
        '[', ']', '^', '"', '~', '*', '?', ':', '.',
    )

    def __init__(self, connection_alias, **connection_options):
        super(WhooshSearchBackend, self).__init__(connection_alias, **connection_options)
        self.setup_complete = False
        self.use_file_storage = True
        self.post_limit = getattr(connection_options, 'POST_LIMIT', 128 * 1024 * 1024)
        self.path = connection_options.get('PATH')

        if connection_options.get('STORAGE', 'file') != 'file':
            self.use_file_storage = False

        if self.use_file_storage and not self.path:
            raise ImproperlyConfigured("You must specify a 'PATH' in your settings for connection '%s'." % connection_alias)

        self.log = logging.getLogger('haystack')

    def setup(self):
        """
        Defers loading until needed.
        """
        from haystack import connections
        new_index = False

        # Make sure the index is there.
        if self.use_file_storage and not os.path.exists(self.path):
            os.makedirs(self.path)
            new_index = True

        if self.use_file_storage and not os.access(self.path, os.W_OK):
            raise IOError("The path to your Whoosh index '%s' is not writable for the current user/group." % self.path)

        if self.use_file_storage:
            self.storage = FileStorage(self.path)
        else:
            global LOCALS

            if getattr(LOCALS, 'RAM_STORE', None) is None:
                LOCALS.RAM_STORE = RamStorage()

            self.storage = LOCALS.RAM_STORE

        self.content_field_name, self.schema = self.build_schema(connections[self.connection_alias].get_unified_index().all_searchfields())
        self.parser = QueryParser(self.content_field_name, schema=self.schema)

        if new_index is True:
            self.index = self.storage.create_index(self.schema)
        else:
            try:
                self.index = self.storage.open_index(schema=self.schema)
            except index.EmptyIndexError:
                self.index = self.storage.create_index(self.schema)

        self.setup_complete = True

    def build_schema(self, fields):
        schema_fields = {
            ID: WHOOSH_ID(stored=True, unique=True),
            DJANGO_CT: WHOOSH_ID(stored=True),
            DJANGO_ID: WHOOSH_ID(stored=True),
        }
        # Grab the number of keys that are hard-coded into Haystack.
        # We'll use this to (possibly) fail slightly more gracefully later.
        initial_key_count = len(schema_fields)
        content_field_name = ''

        for field_name, field_class in fields.items():
            if field_class.is_multivalued:
                if field_class.indexed is False:
                    schema_fields[field_class.index_fieldname] = IDLIST(stored=True, field_boost=field_class.boost)
                else:
                    schema_fields[field_class.index_fieldname] = KEYWORD(stored=True, commas=True, scorable=True, field_boost=field_class.boost)
            elif field_class.field_type in ['date', 'datetime']:
                schema_fields[field_class.index_fieldname] = DATETIME(stored=field_class.stored, sortable=True)
            elif field_class.field_type == 'integer':
                schema_fields[field_class.index_fieldname] = NUMERIC(stored=field_class.stored, numtype=int, field_boost=field_class.boost)
            elif field_class.field_type == 'float':
                schema_fields[field_class.index_fieldname] = NUMERIC(stored=field_class.stored, numtype=float, field_boost=field_class.boost)
            elif field_class.field_type == 'boolean':
                # Field boost isn't supported on BOOLEAN as of 1.8.2.
                schema_fields[field_class.index_fieldname] = BOOLEAN(stored=field_class.stored)
            elif field_class.field_type == 'ngram':
                schema_fields[field_class.index_fieldname] = NGRAM(minsize=3, maxsize=15, stored=field_class.stored, field_boost=field_class.boost)
            elif field_class.field_type == 'edge_ngram':
                schema_fields[field_class.index_fieldname] = NGRAMWORDS(minsize=2, maxsize=15, at='start', stored=field_class.stored, field_boost=field_class.boost)
            else:
                schema_fields[field_class.index_fieldname] = TEXT(stored=True, analyzer=ChineseAnalyzer(), field_boost=field_class.boost, sortable=True)

            if field_class.document is True:
                content_field_name = field_class.index_fieldname
                schema_fields[field_class.index_fieldname].spelling = True

        # Fail more gracefully than relying on the backend to die if no fields
        # are found.
        if len(schema_fields) <= initial_key_count:
            raise SearchBackendError("No fields were found in any search_indexes. Please correct this before attempting to search.")

        return (content_field_name, Schema(**schema_fields))

    def update(self, index, iterable, commit=True):
        if not self.setup_complete:
            self.setup()

        self.index = self.index.refresh()
        writer = AsyncWriter(self.index)

        for obj in iterable:
            try:
                doc = index.full_prepare(obj)
            except SkipDocument:
                self.log.debug(u"Indexing for object `%s` skipped", obj)
            else:
                # Really make sure it's unicode, because Whoosh won't have it any
                # other way.
                for key in doc:
                    doc[key] = self._from_python(doc[key])

                # Document boosts aren't supported in Whoosh 2.5.0+.
                if 'boost' in doc:
                    del doc['boost']

                try:
                    writer.update_document(**doc)
                except Exception as e:
                    if not self.silently_fail:
                        raise

                    # We'll log the object identifier but won't include the actual object
                    # to avoid the possibility of that generating encoding errors while
                    # processing the log message:
                    self.log.error(u"%s while preparing object for update" % e.__class__.__name__,
                                   exc_info=True, extra={"data": {"index": index,
                                                                  "object": get_identifier(obj)}})

        if len(iterable) > 0:
            # For now, commit no matter what, as we run into locking issues otherwise.
            writer.commit()

    def remove(self, obj_or_string, commit=True):
        if not self.setup_complete:
            self.setup()

        self.index = self.index.refresh()
        whoosh_id = get_identifier(obj_or_string)

        try:
            self.index.delete_by_query(q=self.parser.parse(u'%s:"%s"' % (ID, whoosh_id)))
        except Exception as e:
            if not self.silently_fail:
                raise

            self.log.error("Failed to remove document '%s' from Whoosh: %s", whoosh_id, e, exc_info=True)

    def clear(self, models=None, commit=True):
        if not self.setup_complete:
            self.setup()

        self.index = self.index.refresh()

        if models is not None:
            assert isinstance(models, (list, tuple))

        try:
            if models is None:
                self.delete_index()
            else:
                models_to_delete = []

                for model in models:
                    models_to_delete.append(u"%s:%s" % (DJANGO_CT, get_model_ct(model)))

                self.index.delete_by_query(q=self.parser.parse(u" OR ".join(models_to_delete)))
        except Exception as e:
            if not self.silently_fail:
                raise

            if models is not None:
                self.log.error("Failed to clear Whoosh index of models '%s': %s", ','.join(models_to_delete),
                               e, exc_info=True)
            else:
                self.log.error("Failed to clear Whoosh index: %s", e, exc_info=True)

    def delete_index(self):
        # Per the Whoosh mailing list, if wiping out everything from the index,
        # it's much more efficient to simply delete the index files.
        if self.use_file_storage and os.path.exists(self.path):
            shutil.rmtree(self.path)
        elif not self.use_file_storage:
            self.storage.clean()

        # Recreate everything.
        self.setup()

    def optimize(self):
        if not self.setup_complete:
            self.setup()

        self.index = self.index.refresh()
        self.index.optimize()

    def calculate_page(self, start_offset=0, end_offset=None):
        # Prevent against Whoosh throwing an error. Requires an end_offset
        # greater than 0.
        if end_offset is not None and end_offset <= 0:
            end_offset = 1

        # Determine the page.
        page_num = 0

        if end_offset is None:
            end_offset = 1000000

        if start_offset is None:
            start_offset = 0

        page_length = end_offset - start_offset

        if page_length and page_length > 0:
            page_num = int(start_offset / page_length)

        # Increment because Whoosh uses 1-based page numbers.
        page_num += 1
        return page_num, page_length

    @log_query
    def search(self, query_string, sort_by=None, start_offset=0, end_offset=None,
               fields='', highlight=False, facets=None, date_facets=None, query_facets=None,
               narrow_queries=None, spelling_query=None, within=None,
               dwithin=None, distance_point=None, models=None,
               limit_to_registered_models=None, result_class=None, **kwargs):
        if not self.setup_complete:
            self.setup()

        # A zero length query should return no results.
        if len(query_string) == 0:
            return {
                'results': [],
                'hits': 0,
            }

        query_string = force_text(query_string)

        # A one-character query (non-wildcard) gets nabbed by a stopwords
        # filter and should yield zero results.
        if len(query_string) <= 1 and query_string != u'*':
            return {
                'results': [],
                'hits': 0,
            }

        reverse = False

        if sort_by is not None:
            # Determine if we need to reverse the results and if Whoosh can
            # handle what it's being asked to sort by. Reversing is an
            # all-or-nothing action, unfortunately.
            sort_by_list = []
            reverse_counter = 0

            for order_by in sort_by:
                if order_by.startswith('-'):
                    reverse_counter += 1

            if reverse_counter and reverse_counter != len(sort_by):
                raise SearchBackendError("Whoosh requires all order_by fields"
                                         " to use the same sort direction")

            for order_by in sort_by:
                if order_by.startswith('-'):
                    sort_by_list.append(order_by[1:])

                    if len(sort_by_list) == 1:
                        reverse = True
                else:
                    sort_by_list.append(order_by)

                    if len(sort_by_list) == 1:
                        reverse = False

            sort_by = sort_by_list

        if facets is not None:
            warnings.warn("Whoosh does not handle faceting.", Warning, stacklevel=2)

        if date_facets is not None:
            warnings.warn("Whoosh does not handle date faceting.", Warning, stacklevel=2)

        if query_facets is not None:
            warnings.warn("Whoosh does not handle query faceting.", Warning, stacklevel=2)

        narrowed_results = None
        self.index = self.index.refresh()

        if limit_to_registered_models is None:
            limit_to_registered_models = getattr(settings, 'HAYSTACK_LIMIT_TO_REGISTERED_MODELS', True)

        if models and len(models):
            model_choices = sorted(get_model_ct(model) for model in models)
        elif limit_to_registered_models:
            # Using narrow queries, limit the results to only models handled
            # with the current routers.
            model_choices = self.build_models_list()
        else:
            model_choices = []

        if len(model_choices) > 0:
            if narrow_queries is None:
                narrow_queries = set()

            narrow_queries.add(' OR '.join(['%s:%s' % (DJANGO_CT, rm) for rm in model_choices]))

        narrow_searcher = None

        if narrow_queries is not None:
            # Potentially expensive? I don't see another way to do it in Whoosh...
            narrow_searcher = self.index.searcher()

            for nq in narrow_queries:
                recent_narrowed_results = narrow_searcher.search(self.parser.parse(force_text(nq)),
                                                                 limit=None)

                if len(recent_narrowed_results) <= 0:
                    return {
                        'results': [],
                        'hits': 0,
                    }

                if narrowed_results:
                    narrowed_results.filter(recent_narrowed_results)
                else:
                    narrowed_results = recent_narrowed_results

        self.index = self.index.refresh()

        if self.index.doc_count():
            searcher = self.index.searcher()
            parsed_query = self.parser.parse(query_string)

            # In the event of an invalid/stopworded query, recover gracefully.
            if parsed_query is None:
                return {
                    'results': [],
                    'hits': 0,
                }

            page_num, page_length = self.calculate_page(start_offset, end_offset)

            search_kwargs = {
                'pagelen': page_length,
                'sortedby': sort_by,
                'reverse': reverse,
            }

            # Handle the case where the results have been narrowed.
            if narrowed_results is not None:
                search_kwargs['filter'] = narrowed_results

            try:
                raw_page = searcher.search_page(
                    parsed_query,
                    page_num,
                    **search_kwargs
                )
            except ValueError:
                if not self.silently_fail:
                    raise

                return {
                    'results': [],
                    'hits': 0,
                    'spelling_suggestion': None,
                }

            # Because as of Whoosh 2.5.1, it will return the wrong page of
            # results if you request something too high. :(
            if raw_page.pagenum < page_num:
                return {
                    'results': [],
                    'hits': 0,
                    'spelling_suggestion': None,
                }

            results = self._process_results(raw_page, highlight=highlight, query_string=query_string, spelling_query=spelling_query, result_class=result_class)
            searcher.close()

            if hasattr(narrow_searcher, 'close'):
                narrow_searcher.close()

            return results
        else:
            if self.include_spelling:
                if spelling_query:
                    spelling_suggestion = self.create_spelling_suggestion(spelling_query)
                else:
                    spelling_suggestion = self.create_spelling_suggestion(query_string)
            else:
                spelling_suggestion = None

            return {
                'results': [],
                'hits': 0,
                'spelling_suggestion': spelling_suggestion,
            }

    def more_like_this(self, model_instance, additional_query_string=None,
                       start_offset=0, end_offset=None, models=None,
                       limit_to_registered_models=None, result_class=None, **kwargs):
        if not self.setup_complete:
            self.setup()

        field_name = self.content_field_name
        narrow_queries = set()
        narrowed_results = None
        self.index = self.index.refresh()

        if limit_to_registered_models is None:
            limit_to_registered_models = getattr(settings, 'HAYSTACK_LIMIT_TO_REGISTERED_MODELS', True)

        if models and len(models):
            model_choices = sorted(get_model_ct(model) for model in models)
        elif limit_to_registered_models:
            # Using narrow queries, limit the results to only models handled
            # with the current routers.
            model_choices = self.build_models_list()
        else:
            model_choices = []

        if len(model_choices) > 0:
            if narrow_queries is None:
                narrow_queries = set()

            narrow_queries.add(' OR '.join(['%s:%s' % (DJANGO_CT, rm) for rm in model_choices]))

        if additional_query_string and additional_query_string != '*':
            narrow_queries.add(additional_query_string)

        narrow_searcher = None

        if narrow_queries is not None:
            # Potentially expensive? I don't see another way to do it in Whoosh...
            narrow_searcher = self.index.searcher()

            for nq in narrow_queries:
                recent_narrowed_results = narrow_searcher.search(self.parser.parse(force_text(nq)),
                                                                 limit=None)

                if len(recent_narrowed_results) <= 0:
                    return {
                        'results': [],
                        'hits': 0,
                    }

                if narrowed_results:
                    narrowed_results.filter(recent_narrowed_results)
                else:
                    narrowed_results = recent_narrowed_results

        page_num, page_length = self.calculate_page(start_offset, end_offset)

        self.index = self.index.refresh()
        raw_results = EmptyResults()

        searcher = None
        if self.index.doc_count():
            query = "%s:%s" % (ID, get_identifier(model_instance))
            searcher = self.index.searcher()
            parsed_query = self.parser.parse(query)
            results = searcher.search(parsed_query)

            if len(results):
                raw_results = results[0].more_like_this(field_name, top=end_offset)

            # Handle the case where the results have been narrowed.
            if narrowed_results is not None and hasattr(raw_results, 'filter'):
                raw_results.filter(narrowed_results)

        try:
            raw_page = ResultsPage(raw_results, page_num, page_length)
        except ValueError:
            if not self.silently_fail:
                raise

            return {
                'results': [],
                'hits': 0,
                'spelling_suggestion': None,
            }

        # Because as of Whoosh 2.5.1, it will return the wrong page of
        # results if you request something too high. :(
        if raw_page.pagenum < page_num:
            return {
                'results': [],
                'hits': 0,
                'spelling_suggestion': None,
            }

        results = self._process_results(raw_page, result_class=result_class)

        if searcher:
            searcher.close()

        if hasattr(narrow_searcher, 'close'):
            narrow_searcher.close()

        return results

    def _process_results(self, raw_page, highlight=False, query_string='', spelling_query=None, result_class=None):
        from haystack import connections
        results = []

        # It's important to grab the hits first before slicing. Otherwise, this
        # can cause pagination failures.
        hits = len(raw_page)

        if result_class is None:
            result_class = SearchResult

        facets = {}
        spelling_suggestion = None
        unified_index = connections[self.connection_alias].get_unified_index()
        indexed_models = unified_index.get_indexed_models()

        for doc_offset, raw_result in enumerate(raw_page):
            score = raw_page.score(doc_offset) or 0
            app_label, model_name = raw_result[DJANGO_CT].split('.')
            additional_fields = {}
            model = haystack_get_model(app_label, model_name)

            if model and model in indexed_models:
                for key, value in raw_result.items():
                    index = unified_index.get_index(model)
                    string_key = str(key)

                    if string_key in index.fields and hasattr(index.fields[string_key], 'convert'):
                        # Special-cased due to the nature of KEYWORD fields.
                        if index.fields[string_key].is_multivalued:
                            if value is None or len(value) is 0:
                                additional_fields[string_key] = []
                            else:
                                additional_fields[string_key] = value.split(',')
                        else:
                            additional_fields[string_key] = index.fields[string_key].convert(value)
                    else:
                        additional_fields[string_key] = self._to_python(value)

                del(additional_fields[DJANGO_CT])
                del(additional_fields[DJANGO_ID])

                if highlight:
                    sa = StemmingAnalyzer()
                    formatter = WhooshHtmlFormatter('em')
                    terms = [token.text for token in sa(query_string)]

                    whoosh_result = whoosh_highlight(
                        additional_fields.get(self.content_field_name),
                        terms,
                        sa,
                        ContextFragmenter(),
                        formatter
                    )
                    additional_fields['highlighted'] = {
                        self.content_field_name: [whoosh_result],
                    }

                result = result_class(app_label, model_name, raw_result[DJANGO_ID], score, **additional_fields)
                results.append(result)
            else:
                hits -= 1

        if self.include_spelling:
            if spelling_query:
                spelling_suggestion = self.create_spelling_suggestion(spelling_query)
            else:
                spelling_suggestion = self.create_spelling_suggestion(query_string)

        return {
            'results': results,
            'hits': hits,
            'facets': facets,
            'spelling_suggestion': spelling_suggestion,
        }

    def create_spelling_suggestion(self, query_string):
        spelling_suggestion = None
        reader = self.index.reader()
        corrector = reader.corrector(self.content_field_name)
        cleaned_query = force_text(query_string)

        if not query_string:
            return spelling_suggestion

        # Clean the string.
        for rev_word in self.RESERVED_WORDS:
            cleaned_query = cleaned_query.replace(rev_word, '')

        for rev_char in self.RESERVED_CHARACTERS:
            cleaned_query = cleaned_query.replace(rev_char, '')

        # Break it down.
        query_words = cleaned_query.split()
        suggested_words = []

        for word in query_words:
            suggestions = corrector.suggest(word, limit=1)

            if len(suggestions) > 0:
                suggested_words.append(suggestions[0])

        spelling_suggestion = ' '.join(suggested_words)
        return spelling_suggestion

    def _from_python(self, value):
        """
        Converts Python values to a string for Whoosh.

        Code courtesy of pysolr.
        """
        if hasattr(value, 'strftime'):
            if not hasattr(value, 'hour'):
                value = datetime(value.year, value.month, value.day, 0, 0, 0)
        elif isinstance(value, bool):
            if value:
                value = 'true'
            else:
                value = 'false'
        elif isinstance(value, (list, tuple)):
            value = u','.join([force_text(v) for v in value])
        elif isinstance(value, (six.integer_types, float)):
            # Leave it alone.
            pass
        else:
            value = force_text(value)
        return value

    def _to_python(self, value):
        """
        Converts values from Whoosh to native Python values.

        A port of the same method in pysolr, as they deal with data the same way.
        """
        if value == 'true':
            return True
        elif value == 'false':
            return False

        if value and isinstance(value, six.string_types):
            possible_datetime = DATETIME_REGEX.search(value)

            if possible_datetime:
                date_values = possible_datetime.groupdict()

                for dk, dv in date_values.items():
                    date_values[dk] = int(dv)

                return datetime(date_values['year'], date_values['month'], date_values['day'], date_values['hour'], date_values['minute'], date_values['second'])

        try:
            # Attempt to use json to load the values.
            converted_value = json.loads(value)

            # Try to handle most built-in types.
            if isinstance(converted_value, (list, tuple, set, dict, six.integer_types, float, complex)):
                return converted_value
        except:
            # If it fails (SyntaxError or its ilk) or we don't trust it,
            # continue on.
            pass

        return value


class WhooshSearchQuery(BaseSearchQuery):
    def _convert_datetime(self, date):
        if hasattr(date, 'hour'):
            return force_text(date.strftime('%Y%m%d%H%M%S'))
        else:
            return force_text(date.strftime('%Y%m%d000000'))

    def clean(self, query_fragment):
        """
        Provides a mechanism for sanitizing user input before presenting the
        value to the backend.

        Whoosh 1.X differs here in that you can no longer use a backslash
        to escape reserved characters. Instead, the whole word should be
        quoted.
        """
        words = query_fragment.split()
        cleaned_words = []

        for word in words:
            if word in self.backend.RESERVED_WORDS:
                word = word.replace(word, word.lower())

            for char in self.backend.RESERVED_CHARACTERS:
                if char in word:
                    word = "'%s'" % word
                    break

            cleaned_words.append(word)

        return ' '.join(cleaned_words)

    def build_query_fragment(self, field, filter_type, value):
        from haystack import connections
        query_frag = ''
        is_datetime = False

        if not hasattr(value, 'input_type_name'):
            # Handle when we've got a ``ValuesListQuerySet``...
            if hasattr(value, 'values_list'):
                value = list(value)

            if hasattr(value, 'strftime'):
                is_datetime = True

            if isinstance(value, six.string_types) and value != ' ':
                # It's not an ``InputType``. Assume ``Clean``.
                value = Clean(value)
            else:
                value = PythonData(value)

        # Prepare the query using the InputType.
        prepared_value = value.prepare(self)

        if not isinstance(prepared_value, (set, list, tuple)):
            # Then convert whatever we get back to what pysolr wants if needed.
            prepared_value = self.backend._from_python(prepared_value)

        # 'content' is a special reserved word, much like 'pk' in
        # Django's ORM layer. It indicates 'no special field'.
        if field == 'content':
            index_fieldname = ''
        else:
            index_fieldname = u'%s:' % connections[self._using].get_unified_index().get_index_fieldname(field)

        filter_types = {
            'content': '%s',
            'contains': '*%s*',
            'endswith': "*%s",
            'startswith': "%s*",
            'exact': '%s',
            'gt': "{%s to}",
            'gte': "[%s to]",
            'lt': "{to %s}",
            'lte': "[to %s]",
            'fuzzy': u'%s~',
        }

        if value.post_process is False:
            query_frag = prepared_value
        else:
            if filter_type in ['content', 'contains', 'startswith', 'endswith', 'fuzzy']:
                if value.input_type_name == 'exact':
                    query_frag = prepared_value
                else:
                    # Iterate over terms & incorportate the converted form of each into the query.
                    terms = []

                    if isinstance(prepared_value, six.string_types):
                        possible_values = prepared_value.split(' ')
                    else:
                        if is_datetime is True:
                            prepared_value = self._convert_datetime(prepared_value)

                        possible_values = [prepared_value]

                    for possible_value in possible_values:
                        terms.append(filter_types[filter_type] % self.backend._from_python(possible_value))

                    if len(terms) == 1:
                        query_frag = terms[0]
                    else:
                        query_frag = u"(%s)" % " AND ".join(terms)
            elif filter_type == 'in':
                in_options = []

                for possible_value in prepared_value:
                    is_datetime = False

                    if hasattr(possible_value, 'strftime'):
                        is_datetime = True

                    pv = self.backend._from_python(possible_value)

                    if is_datetime is True:
                        pv = self._convert_datetime(pv)

                    if isinstance(pv, six.string_types) and not is_datetime:
                        in_options.append('"%s"' % pv)
                    else:
                        in_options.append('%s' % pv)

                query_frag = "(%s)" % " OR ".join(in_options)
            elif filter_type == 'range':
                start = self.backend._from_python(prepared_value[0])
                end = self.backend._from_python(prepared_value[1])

                if hasattr(prepared_value[0], 'strftime'):
                    start = self._convert_datetime(start)

                if hasattr(prepared_value[1], 'strftime'):
                    end = self._convert_datetime(end)

                query_frag = u"[%s to %s]" % (start, end)
            elif filter_type == 'exact':
                if value.input_type_name == 'exact':
                    query_frag = prepared_value
                else:
                    prepared_value = Exact(prepared_value).prepare(self)
                    query_frag = filter_types[filter_type] % prepared_value
            else:
                if is_datetime is True:
                    prepared_value = self._convert_datetime(prepared_value)

                query_frag = filter_types[filter_type] % prepared_value

        if len(query_frag) and not isinstance(value, Raw):
            if not query_frag.startswith('(') and not query_frag.endswith(')'):
                query_frag = "(%s)" % query_frag

        return u"%s%s" % (index_fieldname, query_frag)


class WhooshEngine(BaseEngine):
    backend = WhooshSearchBackend
    query = WhooshSearchQuery
whoosh_cn_backend.py

   然后,需要在settings.py 下 django-haystack 配置中修改: HAYSTACK_CONNECTIONS

    原:

# 全局搜索django-haystack 配置
HAYSTACK_CONNECTIONS = {
    'default': {
        # 设置 haystack 的搜索引擎
        'ENGINE': 'haystack.backends.whoosh_backend.WhooshEngine',
        # 设置索引文件的位置
        'PATH': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'whoosh_index'),
    }
}

    新:

# 全局搜索django-haystack 配置
HAYSTACK_CONNECTIONS = {
    'default': {
        # 设置 haystack 的搜索引擎
        'ENGINE': 'news.whoosh_cn_backend.WhooshEngine',   #
        # 设置索引文件的位置
        'PATH': os.path.join(BASE_DIR, 'whoosh_index'),
    }
}

  5)建立索引的方式

  方式1:在项目的根目录下,使用命令:python manage.py rebuild_index 来创建索引

  方式2:在settings中做如下配置 ,这样每次进行数据增删改查后系统都能自动创建索引,不需要每次都手动创建:

# settings.py
# 配置后, 增删改查操作后都能自动创建索引
HAYSTACK_SIGNAL_PROCESSOR = 'haystack.signals.RealtimeSignalProcessor'

 


 

五、权限管理

1、自定义 django 命令  

 在需要创建权限管理相关的 APP 下新建 python 包 ,包名称必须命名为:management  → 接着在 management 包目录下,再新建 python 包 ,命名同样唯一:commands  → 进入 commands 包中,新建 python文件,文件名即为命令名,如初始化分组操作,命名 python 文件名为:initgroup.py ,目录如下所示:

 

在 initgroup.py 中编写代码,实现执行指令:python manage.py initgroup 时,控制台打印 hello world :

from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand


class Command(BaseCommand):
    """执行python manage.py initgroup命令时,会执行此类"""
    def handle(self, *args, **options):
        # 执行initgroup命令时,打印 hello world
        self.stdout.write(self.style.SUCCESS("hello world"))


 

2、实现网站分组管理及权限配置

 分组示例:编辑组/财务组/管理员/超级管理员

  代码实现:

from django.core.management.base import BaseCommand
from django.contrib.auth.models import Group, Permission, ContentType

from news.models import News, NewsCategory, Comment, Banner
from courses.models import Course, CourseCategory, Teacher, CourseOrder


class Command(BaseCommand):
    def handle(self, *args, **options):
        # 1. 编辑组:管理新闻/管理课程/管理评论/管理轮播图
        edit_content_types = {   # 获取相关models下指定表的 contenttype
            ContentType.objects.get_for_model(News),
            ContentType.objects.get_for_model(NewsCategory),
            ContentType.objects.get_for_model(Banner),
            ContentType.objects.get_for_model(Comment),
            ContentType.objects.get_for_model(Course),
            ContentType.objects.get_for_model(CourseCategory),
            ContentType.objects.get_for_model(Teacher),
        }
        edit_permissions = Permission.objects.filter(content_type__in=edit_content_types)   # 找到相关表的所有权限
        editGroup = Group.objects.create(name="编辑组")    # 创建组
        editGroup.permissions.set(edit_permissions)     # 将表权限分配给 编辑组
        editGroup.save()
        self.stdout.write(self.style.SUCCESS("编辑分组完成!"))

        # 2. 财务组:管理课程订单
        finance_content_types = {  # 获取相关models下指定表的 contenttype
            ContentType.objects.get_for_model(CourseOrder),
        }
        finance_permissions = Permission.objects.filter(content_type__in=finance_content_types)  # 找到相关表的所有权限
        financeGroup = Group.objects.create(name="财务组")  # 创建组
        financeGroup.permissions.set(finance_permissions)  # 将表权限分配给 编辑组
        financeGroup.save()
        self.stdout.write(self.style.SUCCESS("财务分组完成!"))

        # 3. 管理员:包含编辑组 + 财务组 权限
        admin_permissions = edit_permissions.union(finance_permissions)
        adminGroup = Group.objects.create(name="管理员")  # 创建组
        adminGroup.permissions.set(admin_permissions)  # 将表权限分配给 编辑组
        adminGroup.save()
        self.stdout.write(self.style.SUCCESS("管理员分组完成!"))

        # 4.超级管理员
        # is_superuser

 执行命令:

 

 数据库中生成分组数据:

 


 分组完成,实现给用户配置分组权限:

  

后端代码实现:

@require_POST
def edit_staff(request):
    """配置员工权限"""
    mobile = request.POST.get("mobile", None)
    user = UserProfile.objects.filter(mobile=mobile).first()
    if user.is_staff:
        group_ids =[]
        group_info = request.POST.get("groups", None)
        if group_info:   # 从前端获取的权限分组是这样的:1/2/3 ,数字代表的是分组group id
            group_list = group_info.split("/")
            for group_id in group_list:
                if group_id != "":
                    group_ids.append(group_id)

        if group_ids:
            groups = Group.objects.filter(id__in=group_ids)
            user.groups.clear()   # 清除旧分组
            user.groups.add(*groups)   # 添加新分组
            user.save()
        else:
            user.groups.clear()
            user.save()
        return JsonResponse({"status": True, "message": "员工权限配置完成!"})
    else:
        return JsonResponse({"status": True, "message": "该用户不是员工,无法配置权限!"})

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 


 

转载于:https://www.cnblogs.com/Eric15/articles/11024591.html

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