编写一个程序,分别采用顺序表和带头结点的单链表存储一元多项式,并实现两个多项式相加运算,要求:
(1)创建存储多项式的有序表(按无序输入)ha和hb;
(2)求ha和hb相加产生多项式hc。
(3)输出多项式ha、hb和hc;
先定义一个结构体变量Polynomial表示一个项,存放指数和系数,再定义一个顺序表SqList,里面有一个Polynomial的指针和一个表示表长的数据。
//输入系数指数的函数 (无序输入,输入后要有序)
void CreatePloyn(SqList &L,int n)
{
cout<<"输入"<>a[i].coef>>a[i].expn;
}
int i,j,k;
//按照指数排序
for(i=0;i0) cout<<"+";
// cout<
void Add(SqList L1,SqList L2,SqList &L3)
{
int i,j,k;
i=j=k=0;
while(iL2.elem[j].expn)
{
L3.elem[k].coef=L2.elem[j].coef;
L3.elem[k].expn=L2.elem[j].expn;
j++;
k++;
}
else
{//指数相等时
if(L1.elem[i].coef+L2.elem[j].coef!=0)
{//系数相加为零时
L3.elem[k].coef=L1.elem[i].coef+L2.elem[j].coef;
L3.elem[k].expn=L1.elem[i].expn;
k++;
}
i++,j++;
}
}
//剩余项直接赋值
while(i
//打印多项式
void Show_Polyn(SqList L)
{
int i=0;
while(i0) cout<<"+";
cout<
#include
#define MAXSIZE 250
using namespace std;
//定义多项式类型
typedef struct{
float coef;
int expn;
}Polynomial;
typedef struct{
Polynomial *elem;
int length;
}SqList;
int InitList(SqList &L)
{
L.elem=new Polynomial[MAXSIZE];
if(!L.elem) return 0;
L.length=0;
return 1;
}
//输入系数指数的函数 (无序输入,输入后要有序)
void CreatePloyn(SqList &L,int n)
{
cout<<"输入"<>a[i].coef>>a[i].expn;
}
int i,j,k;
//按照指数排序
for(i=0;i0) cout<<"+";
// cout<L2.elem[j].expn)
{
L3.elem[k].coef=L2.elem[j].coef;
L3.elem[k].expn=L2.elem[j].expn;
j++;
k++;
}
else
{//系数相等时
if(L1.elem[i].coef+L2.elem[j].coef!=0)
{
L3.elem[k].coef=L1.elem[i].coef+L2.elem[j].coef;
L3.elem[k].expn=L1.elem[i].expn;
k++;
}
i++,j++;
}
}
//剩余项直接赋值
while(i0) cout<<"+";
cout<>n;
CreatePloyn(L1,n);
cout<<"第二个多项式的项数:";
cin>>n;
CreatePloyn(L2,n);
//相加打印
// //test
// cout<<"第一个多项式:\n";
// Show_Polyn(L1);
// cout<<"第二个多项式:\n";
// Show_Polyn(L2);
Add(L1,L2,L3);
cout<<"第一个多项式:\n";
Show_Polyn(L1);
cout<<"第二个多项式:\n";
Show_Polyn(L2);
cout<<"相加:\n";
Show_Polyn(L3);
}
//定义多项式节点
typedef struct PNode{
int expn;
float coef;
struct PNode *next;
}PNode,*Polynomial;
没有顺序表那种随机存取的特点,无序输入链表每一个节点时都要插入第一个小于(指系数小于)输入节点的节点,相等时系数加入即可。
void CreatePolyn(Polynomial &p,int n)
{
Polynomial prev,q,s;
p=new PNode;
p->next=NULL;
for(int i=0;inext=NULL;
cout<<"输入多项式的第"<>s->coef>>s->expn;
prev=p;
q=p->next;
while(q&&q->expnexpn){
prev=q;
q=q->next;
}
if(q==NULL){//新节点是最大的
s->next=q;
prev->next=s;
}else if(q->expn==s->expn){//有指数相等的节点
float sum=q->coef+s->coef;
if(sum==0){
prev->next=q->next;
delete q;
delete s;
}else{
q->coef+=s->coef;
delete s;
}
}else{
s->next=q;
prev->next=s;
}
}
}
链表有序后,相加函数就和两个有序链表的合并一样简单。只不过要注意指数相同系数相加为零的情况。
void AddPolyn(Polynomial &pa,Polynomial &pb,Polynomial &pc)
{
CreatePolyn(pc,0);
Polynomial p1,p2,p3,s,q;
p1=pa->next;p2=pb->next;p3=pc;
while(p1&&p2){
if(p1->expn==p2->expn&&p1->coef+p2->coef==0){//指数相同并且相加为零
s=p1;
p1=p1->next;
delete s;
s=p2;
p2=p2->next;
delete s;
}
else if(p1->expn==p2->expn&&p1->coef+p2->coef!=0){//指数相等且系数和不为零
s=new PNode;
s->coef=p1->coef+p2->coef;s->expn=p1->expn;s->next=NULL; //复制数据域
p3->next=s;p3=s; //后插入p3中
p1=p1->next;
p2=p2->next;
}else if(p1->expnexpn){
s=new PNode;
s->coef=p1->coef;s->expn=p1->expn;s->next=NULL;
p3->next=s;p3=s;
p1=p1->next;
}else{
s=new PNode;
s->coef=p2->coef;s->expn=p2->expn;s->next=NULL;
p3->next=s;p3=s;
p2=p2->next;
}
}
p3->next=p1?p1:p2;//赋值剩余项
}
//稀疏多项式的运算
#include
using namespace std;
//定义多项式节点
typedef struct PNode{
int expn;
float coef;
struct PNode *next;
}PNode,*Polynomial;
void CreatePolyn(Polynomial &p,int n)
{
Polynomial prev,q,s;
p=new PNode;
p->next=NULL;
for(int i=0;inext=NULL;
cout<<"输入多项式的第"<>s->coef>>s->expn;
prev=p;
q=p->next;
while(q&&q->expnexpn){
prev=q;
q=q->next;
}
if(q==NULL){
s->next=q;
prev->next=s;
}else if(q->expn==s->expn){
float sum=q->coef+s->coef;
if(sum==0){
prev->next=q->next;
delete q;
delete s;
}else{
q->coef+=s->coef;
delete s;
}
}else{
s->next=q;
prev->next=s;
}
}
}
void AddPolyn(Polynomial &pa,Polynomial &pb,Polynomial &pc)
{
CreatePolyn(pc,0);
Polynomial p1,p2,p3,s,q;
p1=pa->next;p2=pb->next;p3=pc;
while(p1&&p2){
if(p1->expn==p2->expn&&p1->coef+p2->coef==0){
s=p1;
p1=p1->next;
delete s;
s=p2;
p2=p2->next;
delete s;
}
else if(p1->expn==p2->expn&&p1->coef+p2->coef!=0){//指数相等且系数和为非零
s=new PNode;
s->coef=p1->coef+p2->coef;s->expn=p1->expn;s->next=NULL; //复制数据域
p3->next=s;p3=s; //后插入p3中
p1=p1->next;
p2=p2->next;
}else if(p1->expnexpn){
s=new PNode;
s->coef=p1->coef;s->expn=p1->expn;s->next=NULL;
p3->next=s;p3=s;
p1=p1->next;
}else{
s=new PNode;
s->coef=p2->coef;s->expn=p2->expn;s->next=NULL;
p3->next=s;p3=s;
p2=p2->next;
}
}
p3->next=p1?p1:p2;//赋值剩余项
}
void ShowPolyn(Polynomial &p)
{
Polynomial pt=p->next;
while(pt){
if(pt!=p->next&&pt->coef>0) cout<<"+";
cout<coef<<"X^"<expn;
pt=pt->next;
}
// //test
// pt=p;
// while(pt){
// cout<<"\n当前指针:"<next;
// pt=pt->next;
// }
}
int main()
{
Polynomial pa,pb,pc;
int n,m;
cout<<"第一个多项式的项数:";
cin>>n;
CreatePolyn(pa,n);
ShowPolyn(pa);
cout<<"\n第二个多项式的项数:";
cin>>m;
CreatePolyn(pb,m);
ShowPolyn(pb);
cout<<"\n相加结果为:";
AddPolyn(pa,pb,pc);
ShowPolyn(pc);
}