常见

零.目录

一. 文件和目录类

        File exist 文件已经存在
        No such file or directory 没有这个文件或目录(这个东西不存在)
        command not found 命令找不到(没有这个命令)
        invalid option 无效的参数(不可用的参数)
        overwrite 覆盖
        remove regular empty file 是否删除普通文件(空的)?
        is a directory xxx是一个目录
        descend into directory 是否进入目录
        Invalid level 无效的层数,层数必须大于0
        Can't open file for writing 无法打开这个文件
        No write since last change
        xx column window is too narrow 窗口只有xx列太窄了 无法完全显示
        xxx not a directory 不是一个目录
        查看压缩包的时候报错
        You have mail in /var/spool/mail/root
        permission denied
        Warning: Changing a readonly file
        'readonly' option is set (add ! to override)
        cp: omitting directory ‘/oldboy/’
        unexpected end of file 或 Unexpected EOF in archive

二. 网络连接类

        远程连接错误 Connection Failed 连接失败
        yum安装软件故障提示 Could not resolve host无法解析主机
        yum安装软件提示:Nothing to do (没事做)
        没有找到叫treea的软件包
        Name or service not known 域名无法识别(无法上网）

三. 修改系统基础配置类

        重启网卡报错 device not present
        修改主机名过程中,命令行中主机名没有变化
        hostname命令修改主机名（临时 重启服务器之后失效）
        命令行中的主机名部分没有改变？

四. 用户相关错误

        user 'oldboy' already exists
        no such user
        Only root can do that.
        Only root can specify a user name.
        Creating mailbox file: File exists
        warning: the home directory already exists.
        /etc/sudoers: syntax error near line 105 <<<

五.脚本及定时任务

一. 文件和目录类

1. File exist 文件已经存在
   [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdir /data /lidao
   [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdir /data /lidao
   mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/data’: File exists
   mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/lidao’: File exists

   mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/lidao’: File exists
   无法 创建 目录 因为这个目录已经存在

2. No such file or directory 没有这个文件或目录(这个东西不存在)

   没有这个目录:文件或路径书写错误

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdir /oldboy
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# cd oldboy
-bash: cd: oldboy: No such file or directory

mkdir命令本身问题:mkdir 命令默认只能创建1层目录 创建多层报错
-p解决

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdir /data/oldboy/lidao/
mkdir: cannot create directory ‘/data/oldboy/lidao/’: No such file or directory

touch命令只能创建文件,目录不存在则会报错
解决:先创建目录,再创建文件

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# ls /oldboy/
oldboy.txt
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# touch /oldboy/lidao/alex/oldboy.txt
touch: cannot touch ‘/oldboy/lidao/alex/oldboy.txt’: No such file or directory

排错思路:
1.ls命令检查对应的目录是否存在?
2.目录不存在 先创建目录在创建文件/

find命令与|xargs ll 错误
|xargs后面不支持别名

[root@kangxu ~]# find /oldboy -name "*.txt" -type f |xargs ll
xargs: ll: No such file or directory

3. command not found 命令找不到(没有这个命令)
   [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# mkdiy
   -bash: mkdiy: command not found

   1.书写错误
   2.没有安装

4. invalid option 无效的参数(不可用的参数)
   [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# touch -p /oldboy/oldboy.txt
   touch: invalid option -- 'p'
   Try 'touch --help' for more information.

5. overwrite 覆盖

   cp复制如果已经存在这个文件会提示是否覆盖

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# cp /oldboy/oldboy.txt /tmp/
cp: overwrite ‘/tmp/oldboy.txt’?
6.remove regular empty file 是否删除普通文件(空的)?
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# rm /oldboy/oldboy.txt
rm: remove regular empty file ‘/oldboy/oldboy.txt’?

7. is a directory xxx是一个目录

   rm默认无法删除目录
   解决:加上-r 或-rf

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# rm /data/
rm: cannot remove ‘/data/’: Is a directory

vi命令中 使用vi编辑目录也会报错

"/oldboy"
E502: "/oldboy" is a directory
Press ENTER or type command to continue

8. descend into directory 是否进入目录
   [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# rm -r /data/
   rm: descend into directory ‘/data/’? y
   rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy01.txt’? n
   rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy02.txt’? n
   rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy03.txt’? n
   rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy04.txt’? n
   rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy05.txt’? n
   rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy06.txt’? n
   rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy07.txt’? n
   rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy08.txt’? n
   rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy09.txt’? n
   rm: remove regular empty file ‘/data/oldboy10.txt’? n
   rm: remove directory ‘/data/’? n

9. Invalid level 无效的层数,层数必须大于0

   注意参数位置

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# tree -L -F 2 /
tree: Invalid level, must be greater than 0.

10. Can't open file for writing 无法打开这个文件

    vi中 如果目录不存在就会提示

"/oldbyo/oldboy.txt"
"/oldbyo/oldboy.txt" E212: Can't open file for writing
Press ENTER or type command to continue

如果你对这个文件没有权限 也会提示

11.No write since last change
E37: No write since last change (add ! to override)
粘包赖(你修改了内容就无法使用:q退出 需要使用:q!

12. xx column window is too narrow 窗口只有xx列太窄了 无法完全显示

    这是w的坑 空间太小施展不开.

[root@oldboyedu60-lnb ~]# w
w: 39 column window is too narrow

13. xxx not a directory 不是一个目录

    背景:创建文件的时候多了一个空格

[root@ssdz ~]# touch /oldboy /oldboy.txt #此处要创建/oldboy/oldboy.txt 多个个空格 创建了2个文件 /oldboy和/oldboy.txt
[root@ssdz ~]# ls -l /oldboy/ #系统认为oldboy是个目录 所以报错
ls: cannot access /oldboy/: Not a directory
[root@ssdz ~]# touch /oldboy/oldboy.txt
touch: cannot touch ‘/oldboy/oldboy.txt’: Not a directory
[root@ssdz ~]# ls -l /oldboy
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 0 Apr 9 15:23 /oldboy
14.查看压缩包的时候报错

注意是否有特殊中文符号导致的。

[root@oldboy59 tmp]# tar ztf /tmp/etc.tar.gz
tar (child): \200\202\200\202\200\202\200\202/tmp/etc.tar.gz: Cannot open: No such file or directory
tar (child): Error is not recoverable: exiting now
tar: Child returned status 2
tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now

15. You have mail in /var/spool/mail/root

    你在这个文件/var/spool/mail/root 中有一个新邮件

16. permission denied

    权限拒绝

17. W10: Warning: Changing a readonly file

    使用vim的时候显示的
    表示：正在修改只读文件
    解决:

    1.查看对文件是否有rw权限
    2.如果是root用户可以修改后强制保存退出(:wq!)
    

18.no properly formatted MD5 checksum lines found

在使用md5sum -c (检查的时候）
md5指纹信息文件中，格式不对
第1列是md5 信息 第2列文件名
解决:

    查看MD5文件内容是否正确
    检查的命令是否正确 md5sum -c oldboy.md5

md5sum: /oldboy/mtime/access_2019-04-01.txt: no properly formatted MD5 checksum lines found

19. E45: 'readonly' option is set (add ! to override)

    通过vi/vim 编辑文件保存的时候(:wq) 提示
    这个文件只读，:wq! 强制保存退出

20. cp: omitting directory ‘/oldboy/’

    忽略这个目录
    cp默认无法复制目录

[root@oldboyedu64-lnb ~]# cp /oldboy/ /tmp/
cp: omitting directory ‘/oldboy/’
[root@oldboyedu64-lnb ~]# ls -l /tmp/
total 8
-rwx------. 1 root root 836 Jun 30 17:36 ks-script-gWLqG0
-rw-r--r--. 1 root root 400 Jul 7 14:51 oldboy.txt
drwx------. 2 root root 6 Jun 30 17:42 vmware-root_6749-3879179984
-rw-------. 1 root root 0 Jun 30 17:27 yum.log

21. Unexpected EOF in archive

    未知的 压缩文件结尾
    主要原因是tar压缩包损坏 重新下载

[root@web02 tools]# tar xf nginx-1.16.0.tar.gz

gzip: stdin: unexpected end of file
tar: Unexpected EOF in archive
tar: Unexpected EOF in archive
tar: Error is not recoverable: exiting now
image.png
二. 网络连接类

1. 远程连接错误 Connection Failed 连接失败

   使用Xshell远程连接失败提示,检查端口是否开启或正确

[c:~]$

Connecting to 10.0.0.200:233...
Could not connect to '10.0.0.200' (port 233): Connection failed.

Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.

使用telnet测试端口是否打开

[c:~]$ telnet 10.0.0.200 233

Connecting to 10.0.0.200:233...
Could not connect to '10.0.0.200' (port 233): Connection failed. #233端口没有开启

Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.

端口开启

[c:~]$ telnet 10.0.0.200 22
Connecting to 10.0.0.200:22...
Connection established. #端口开启
To escape to local shell, press 'Ctrl+Alt+]'.
SSH-2.0-OpenSSH_7.4

Protocol mismatch.

Connection closed by foreign host.

Disconnected from remote host(10.0.0.200:22) at 12:22:54.

Type `help' to learn how to use Xshell prompt.
[c:~]$

2. yum安装软件故障提示 Could not resolve host无法解析主机

   Could not resolve host无法解析主机
   主要是系统能否上网和DNS问题.

http://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/centos/7.6.1810/updates/x86_64/repodata/repomd.xml: [Errno 14] curl#6 -
"Could not resolve host: mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn; Unknown error"
Trying other mirror.
3.yum安装软件提示:Nothing to do (没事做)

有两种情况:
情况1:软件已经安装并且最新如下:

Package tree-1.6.0-10.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
tree软件包已经安装并且是最新版本
Package 2:vim-enhanced-7.4.160-5.el7.x86_64 already installed and latest version
Package 1:bash-completion-2.1-6.el7.noarch already installed and latest version
Nothing to do

情况2:软件名字写错或没有配置yum源导致找不到这个软件包

[root@oldboyedu60-lnb ~]# yum install treea -y
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile

• base: mirror.lzu.edu.cn
• extras: mirrors.nwsuaf.edu.cn
• updates: mirrors.nwsuaf.edu.cn
  base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
  extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
  updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
  No package treea available.

没有找到叫treea的软件包

Error: Nothing to do

情况3:你需要安装软件包而不是软件包里面的命令
通过yum provides 查看命令属于哪个软件包

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# yum install -y locate
Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
Determining fastest mirrors

• base: mirrors.aliyun.com
• extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
• updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
  base | 3.6 kB 00:00:00
  extras | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
  updates | 3.4 kB 00:00:00
  (1/2): extras/7/x86_64/primary_db | 187 kB 00:00:02
  (2/2): updates/7/x86_64/primary_db | 3.4 MB 00:00:04
  No package locate available.
  Error: Nothing to do
  [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# yum provides locate
  Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
  Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
• base: mirrors.aliyun.com
• extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
• updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
  base/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 7.1 MB 00:00:03
  extras/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 236 kB 00:00:00
  updates/7/x86_64/filelists_db | 2.7 MB 00:00:01
  mlocate-0.26-8.el7.x86_64 : An utility for finding files by name
  Repo : base
  Matched from:
  Filename : /usr/bin/locate
  [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# yum install -y mlocate
  Loaded plugins: fastestmirror
  Loading mirror speeds from cached hostfile
• base: mirrors.aliyun.com
• extras: mirrors.aliyun.com
• updates: mirrors.aliyun.com
  Resolving Dependencies
  --> Running transaction check
  ---> Package mlocate.x86_64 0:0.26-8.el7 will be installed
  --> Finished Dependency Resolution

Dependencies Resolved

=========================================================================================================================
Package Arch Version Repository Size
=========================================================================================================================
Installing:
mlocate x86_64 0.26-8.el7 base 113 k

Transaction Summary

Install 1 Package

Total download size: 113 k
Installed size: 379 k
Downloading packages:
mlocate-0.26-8.el7.x86_64.rpm | 113 kB 00:00:02
Running transaction check
Running transaction test
Transaction test succeeded
Running transaction
Installing : mlocate-0.26-8.el7.x86_64 1/1
Verifying : mlocate-0.26-8.el7.x86_64 1/1

Installed:
mlocate.x86_64 0:0.26-8.el7

Complete!
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# rpm -qa mlocate
mlocate-0.26-8.el7.x86_64

4. Name or service not known 域名无法识别(无法上网）

   原因1：DNS配置错误
   原因2：Linux无法上网原因 https://www.jianshu.com/p/0bc0b596c1a0

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# ping baidu.com
ping: baidu.com: Name or service not known
域名无法识别（无法将域名---->ip地址)
三. 修改系统基础配置类

1. 重启网卡报错 device not present
   [root@oldboyusd ~]# systemctl restart network
   Job for network.service failed because the control process exited with error code.
   See "systemctl status network.service" and "journalctl -xe" for details.

   查看详细错误原因
   ·journalctl -xe·

Apr 01 15:31:05 oldboyusd.1 network[7816]: Bringing up interface etho:
ERROR : [/etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth] Device does not seem to be present, delaying initialization.

Apr 01 15:31:05 oldboyusd.1 /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifup-eth[8019]:
Device does not seem to be present, delaying initializatio

2. 修改主机名过程中,命令行中主机名没有变化
   1# hostname命令修改主机名（临时 重启服务器之后失效）
   [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# hostname
   oldboyedu59
   [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# hostname oldboyedu59-lnb
   2# 修改文件内容（写合同 永久 重启服务器之后生效）
   vim /etc/hostname
   oldboyedu59-lnb
   3# 检查
   [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# hostname
   oldboyedu59-lnb
   [root@oldboyedu59 ~]# cat /etc/hostname
   oldboyedu59-lnb
   命令行中的主机名部分没有改变？

   解决：重新登录下即可（断开连接，重新连接）

[root@oldboyedu59-lnb ~]#

3. unexpected EOF while looking for matching `"'

   引号不成对

tail -2 /etc/profile
alias net="cat /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0
export PS1="[[\e[34;1m]\u@[\e[0m][\e[32;1m]\H[\e[0m] [\e[31;1m]\w[\e[0m]]\$ "

[root@ssdz ~]# source /etc/profile
-bash: /etc/profile: line 78: unexpected EOF while looking for matching `"'
-bash: /etc/profile: line 79: syntax error: unexpected end of file

-bash: /etc/profile: line 78: unexpected EOF while looking for matching `"'
/etc/profile 第78行 出乎意料的结尾 正在找 '"' 这个双引号的另一半

四. 用户类错误

1. user 'oldboy' already exists

   用户已经存在

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# useradd oldboy
useradd: user 'oldboy' already exists

2. no such user

   没有这个用户

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# id lidao
id: lidao: no such user
3.Only root can do that.

只有root用户可以使用 非交互式设置密码方式

[oldboy@oldboyedu59 ~]$ echo 123456|passwd --stdin oldboy
Only root can do that.
4.Only root can specify a user name.

只有root用户 运行passwd的时候 后面能加上用户名
普通用户默认只能运行passwd 不能加用户名 修改自己的密码

[oldboy@oldboyedu59 ~]$ passwd oldboy
passwd: Only root can specify a user name.

5. Creating mailbox file: File exists 和warning: the home directory already exists.

   添加用户的时候提示:

    Creating mailbox file: File exists 正在创建这个用户的邮箱:邮箱已经存在
    warning: the home directory already exists. 这个用户的家目录已经存在
   

   删除用户的时候，默认不删除家目录和邮箱.
   再次添加就会提示家目录存在和邮箱存在

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# id stu01
uid=1005(stu01) gid=1006(stu01) groups=1006(stu01)
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# userdel stu01
[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# useradd stu01
useradd: warning: the home directory already exists.
Not copying any file from skel directory into it.
Creating mailbox file: File exists
6.user nginx is currently used by process 7540

用户正在使用中 被pid是7540的进程使用中

[root@web01 /usr/share/nginx/html/blog]# usermod -u 2222 nginx
usermod: user nginx is currently used by process 7540
五.脚本及定时任务

1. no crontab for root

   root用户没有定时任务

[root@oldboyedu59 ~]# crontab -l
no crontab for root

root用户没有定时任务
2.no crontab for root - using an empty one

root用户没有定时任务，给root创建了1个新的
这里实际上给root创建了定时任务文件 /var/spool/cron/root 空文件

3.crontab: installing new crontab

更新定时任务规则

4. bad xxx, errors in crontab file,can't install

   错误的{分|时|日|月|周},定时任务文件中有错误，无法更新定时任务

   分时日月周格式错误01

mei liangfenzhong xianshi xitong shijian zhuijiadao /tmp/oldboy.txt

• /1 * * * date >>/tmp/oldboy.txt

"/tmp/crontab.5UZIdI" 3L, 115C written
crontab: installing new crontab
"/tmp/crontab.5UZIdI":3: bad hour 3是第3行的意思,错误的小时 小时位置书写错误
errors in crontab file, can't install.
Do you want to retry the same edit?

分时日月周格式错误02
时间范围书写错误 21-00错误 改为 21-23,00 即可因为定时任务的小时为00-23

crontab -e

show time by liyy at 20190101

*/2 * * * * date >>/tmp/time.log

00 21-00 * * * date >>/tmp/time.log
00 21-00 * * * date >>/tmp/time.log

00 21-23,00 * * * date >>/tmp/time.log

backup /etc/ to /tmp by liyy at 20190101

00 00 * * * sh /server/scripts/bak-etc.sh

"/tmp/crontab.SpZAZH" 9L, 238C written
crontab: installing new crontab
"/tmp/crontab.SpZAZH":5: bad hour
errors in crontab file, can't install.
Do you want to retry the same edit?

5. You have new mail in /var/spool/mail/root

   你有1个新邮件 在/var/spool/mail/ro

作者：老男孩教育_李导
链接：https://www.jianshu.com/p/99ec5bb4183f
来源：
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