狮航客机坠海前最后时刻，驾驶舱内发生了什么？
Confusion, Then Prayer, in Cockpit of Doomed Lion Air Jet
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As the seconds ticked by on the doomed Indonesian flight, the pilot handed the controls to his co-pilot and flipped through the pages of a technical manual, trying to figure out what was happening.
在失事的印尼航班上，随着时间一分一秒地过去，主驾驶把控制任务交给了副驾，开始一页页翻阅一本技术手册，竭力想弄清发生了什么。
tick away/by/past
表示“（尤指等待某事发生时）时光在流逝，时间一点一点地过去”，英文解释为“if time ticks away, by, or past, it passes, especially when you are waiting for something to happen”举个：
We need a decision – time's ticking away.
我们需要作出决定——时间正在一分一秒地过去。
doomed
表示“注定失败（或灭亡、毁灭）的”，英文解释为“certain to fail, die, or be destroyed”举个：
This is a doomed place.
这是一个注定要毁灭的地方。
flip through
表示“快速浏览；草草翻阅”，英文解释为“to look quickly at the pages of a magazine, book, etc.”
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Then, as the nose of Lion Air Flight 610 repeatedly bucked downward, Harvino, the co-pilot, began to pray.
随后，随着狮子航空(Lion Air)610号班机的机头反复强行下压，副驾驶哈维诺(Harvino)开始祷告。
nose
熟词僻义，表示“（尤指飞机）机头，（车辆的）前端突出部”，英文解释为“the front of a vehicle, especially an aircraft”举个：
The symbol was painted on each side of the plane's nose.
飞机机头两侧都绘有这一标志。
buck
作动词，表示“猛烈颠簸，剧烈震荡”，英文解释为“to suddenly move up and down, or backwards and forwards, in an uncontrolled way”举个：
The plane bucked sharply.
飞机剧烈颠簸。
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The supplication was caught on the final seconds of audio in the cockpit voice recorder.
他的祷词是在驾驶舱语音记录仪最后几秒的音频中发现的。
supplication
表示“（尤指向当权者或上帝的）恳求，哀求，祈求”，英文解释为“when someone asks for help from someone in power or from God”。
CVR
黑匣子之一。驾驶舱通话记录器（Cockpit Voice Recorder，CVR），又称座舱通话记录器，仪器上的四条音轨分别记录飞行员与航空管制员的通话，正、副驾驶员之间的对话、机组员对乘客的广播，以及驾驶舱内各种声音（引擎声、警报声）。
A cockpit voice recorder (CVR) is a flight recorder used to record the audio environment in the flight deck of an aircraft for the purpose of investigation of accidents and incidents. （Wikipedia）
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“God is great,” Mr. Harvino, an experienced Indonesian aviator, said, then recited a verse asking God to grant a miracle.
“真主至上，”经验丰富的印尼飞行员哈维诺说，然后背诵了一节经文请求真主赐予奇迹。
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But there was no miracle on Oct. 29, when the brand-new Boeing 737 Max 8 dived into the Java Sea in Indonesia, amid good weather, after 12 minutes in the air.
但10月29日那天没有发生奇迹。这架全新的波音737 Max 8坠入了印尼爪哇海，当时天气晴朗，时值飞机升空12分钟之后。
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“I think he knew it was unrecoverable,” said Nurcahyo Utomo, the head of the air accident subcommittee of the Indonesian National Transportation Safety Committee, who listened to and described the contents of the cockpit voice recorder that was retrieved from the ocean floor in January.
“我想他知道已无法扭转，”印尼交通安全委员会(Indonesian National Transportation Safety Committee)飞机事故小组委员会负责人纽尔卡约·乌托莫(Nurcahyo Utomo)说，他听过并描述了1月从海底寻获的驾驶舱语音记录仪的内容。
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Until that point, he said, the pilots had sounded in control and calm.
他说，在那之前，两位驾驶员听上去都是有把握的、冷静的状态。
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With the crash of a second nearly brand-new Boeing 737 Max 8 this month, when Ethiopian Airlines Flight 302 slammed into the ground near Addis Ababa, there has been a renewed focus on the investigation into what caused Flight 610 to crash in Indonesia, killing all 189 people on board.
随着本月埃塞俄比亚航空302号班机撞到亚的斯亚贝巴附近地面，第二架近乎全新的波音737 Max 8坠毁，对于导致610班机在印尼坠毁、机上189人全部遇难的事故原因调查已再度引起关注。
slam
表示“猛打，猛击，猛撞”，英文解释为“to hit or attack someone or something with a lot of force”举个：
All passengers died instantly when the plane slammed into the mountain.
飞机一头撞到山上，所有乘客顷刻间全部丧生。
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Indonesian transportation officials say they do not expect to publish a final report on the accident until July or August at the earliest. A preliminary report, based on the contents of the flight data recorder — one of the two so-called black boxes that give investigators clues to what happened in aviation accidents — was released in November.
印尼交通运输官员称，他们预计最早要7、8月份才能发表最终的事故报告。基于飞行数据记录仪内容的初步报告曾于11月发布。该记录仪是机上所谓的两只“黑匣子”之一，能就航空事故中所发生的情况向调查人员提供线索。
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The cockpit voice recorder was not found until after the preliminary report was released, so the conversations between Bhavye Suneja, an Indian national who was piloting the plane, and Mr. Harvino were not included in the initial investigative account.
驾驶舱语音记录仪直到初步报告公布后才发现，因此机上印尼籍主驾驶巴维亚·苏内扎(Bhavye Suneja)与哈维诺之间的谈话内容未包含在初步调查结果当中。
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The report noted that the plane's nose suddenly shifted downward more than 20 times, a motion that investigators think may have been caused by the incorrect triggering of a new automated anti-stall system on the Boeing Max model.
报告指出，飞机机头向下压了超过20次，调查人员认为这一动作可能是Max机型上新的自动防失速系统被错误触发导致的。
stall
表示“（飞机引擎的）停止运转，熄火”，英文解释为“if a plane goes into a stall, its engine stops working”。
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Since the Lion Air crash, pilots certified to fly the Max have complained that they were not briefed on the new system or on how to counter it should incorrect data force the nose down.
自狮航失事后，经认证可驾驶该Max机型的飞行员已抱怨过，他们从未听取过这一新系统的介绍，或被告知如何应对一旦错误数据迫使机头下压的情况。
长难句解析
Since the Lion Air crash, Pilots certified to fly the Max have complained that [they were not briefed on the new system or on how to counter it should incorrect data force the nose down].
· 首先看整个句子结构，主语：pilots，飞行员，谓语：complain，抱怨，宾语：that []，抱怨的内容也就是that后面整个从句。
· pilots飞行员，什么样的飞行员，(who were) certified to fly the Max，用来修饰飞行员，经认证可驾驶该Max机型的飞行员。
· 具体来看抱怨的内容[they were not briefed on the new system or on how to counter it should incorrect data force the nose down]；飞行员抱怨了两件事情，由or分成两点：
其一，they were not briefed on the new system 他们没有听取过这一新系统的介绍、没有被介绍过这一新系统；这里的brief sb on sth表示“向某人介绍，提供信息”（to give someone all the information about a situation that they will need）；
其二，抱怨了什么呢？也就是or后面的句子，注意or后面还有一个on，结合前面抱怨的内容，可以推出，抱怨的第二件事还是没有被介绍过/没有被告知某事，也就是they were not briefed on how to counter it. 没有被告知如何应对它。
而这里的它指的是什么呢？how to counter it should incorrect data force the nose down，后面还跟了个虚拟语气的倒装句，可还原为：if incorrect data should force the nose down, ,所以it指的就是虚拟语气所描述的情况——如果出现错误数据迫使机头下压，要如何解决？而飞行员抱怨的就是没有被告知解决办法。
所以我们可以把飞行员抱怨的第二点还原为：they were not briefed on how to counter it, if incorrect data should force the nose down. 他们没有被告知如何应对一旦错误数据迫使机头下压的情况。
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Indonesian aviation regulations bar the public release of a transcript of the audio in a cockpit voice recorder. But investigators from the National Transportation Safety Committee who listened to the recording described the sounds emanating from the cockpit as the flight crew fought to take control of a plane that seemed almost magnetically propelled toward earth.
印尼航空法规禁止对外公布驾驶舱语音记录仪的音频文本。但听过记录的印尼交通安全委员会的调查人员对驾驶舱传出的声音作了描述。当时机组人员正在努力控制几乎像是受了磁力吸引一样向地面推进的飞机。
bar
作动词，表示“禁止，阻止”，英文解释为“to officially prevent someone from entering a place or from doing something”举个：
They seized his passport and barred him from leaving the country.
他们没收了他的护照，禁止他出境。
emanate
表示“散发自；来自”，英文解释为“to come from or out of something”举个：
Wonderful smells were emanating from the kitchen.
从厨房传来诱人的香味。
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Throughout the brief flight, an ominous rattle could be heard on the voice recorder, evidence that a device called a stick shaker was clattering to alert the pilots of a potential stall that could lead to a crash, said Ony Soerjo Wibowo, an air safety investigator. A stall can occur when a plane ascends too sharply.
航空安全调查员奥尼·苏尔约·维博沃(Ony Soerjo Wibowo)说，在整个短暂的飞行中，语音记录仪中能听到一种令人不安的嗒嗒声，这表明名为自动震杆器的设备在发出咔嗒声，警告飞行员可能会失速，而失速可能会导致坠毁。飞机爬升过于迅猛可能引发失速。
ominous
表示“（使人感到）不吉利的，不祥的”，英文解释为“making you feel that something bad is going to happen”。
rattle
表示“（物体晃动发出的）嘎嘎声，咯吱声”，英文解释为“a short repeated sound, made when something shakes”。
clatter
表示“（使）发出撞击声”，英文解释为“if heavy hard objects clatter, or if you clatter them, they make a loud unpleasant noise”举个：
The tray slipped and clattered to the floor.
盘子滑落下来，啪啦一声掉在地上。
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Investigators have speculated that incorrect data — including a 20-degree differential between readings from two sensors designed to measure, essentially, the difference between the pitch of the plane and the direction it is moving through the air — could have mistakenly triggered both the stick shaker and the anti-stall system, which is called MCAS.
调查人员推测，错误的数据——包括实际用于测量飞机倾角和在空中飞行方向之间差异的两个传感器出现20度的读数差别——可能同时错误触发了自动震杆器和防失速系统（该系统名为机动特性增强系统[MCAS]）。
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The plane had recorded days of questionable data related to air speed, altitude and the angle of the plane's climb.
这架飞机记录了数日的问题数据，涉及飞行速度、高度和飞机攀升的角度。
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In the first sign of trouble in its doomed flight on Oct. 29, the plane dipped around 700 feet, and in the subsequent minutes, MCAS appears to have kept dragging the plane's nose down, prompting the pilots to try to push the plane back up by using switches that control stabilizers on the tail.
10月29日失事的班机出现故障的第一个迹象是飞机下降了约700英尺。在接下来的几分钟内，MCAS似乎曾一直把机头向下拖，促使飞行员通过使用机尾平衡器的控制开关竭力把飞机拉回原位。
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The flight crew radioed back to the air traffic control tower in Jakarta, the Indonesian capital, to request permission to return to the airport, which was granted. The pilot also asked for the plane to be given a 3,000-foot clearance above and below as it continued to roller coaster through the air.
机组人员通过无线电回复了印尼首都雅加达的航空交通管制塔台，请求返回机场并得到批准。飞行员还请求给予该飞机上下3000英尺的航管许可，因为它持续像过山车一样在空中剧烈颠簸。
roller coaster
本义作名词指“过山车，云霄飞车”，英文解释为“an exciting entertainment in an amusement park, like a fast train that goes up and down very steep slopes and around very sudden bends”，此处指的就是“像坐过山车一样，上下剧烈波动/颠簸”，英文解释为“to go up and down like a roller coaster; rise and fall”；
作名词，它还有“（局势的）急转突变，变幻莫测；（情绪的）大起大落”的意思（a situation which changes from one extreme to another, or in which a person's feelings change from one extreme to another），举个：
He was on an emotional roller coaster for a while when he lost his job.
他失去工作后，有段时间情绪总是大起大落。
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Flight 610 never turned back to the airport.
然而610班机没能返回机场。
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In the cockpit voice recording, the pilots discussed unreliable airspeed and altitude readings they were getting, national transportation safety officials said.
印尼交通安全官员说，在驾驶舱语音记录中，两名驾驶员讨论了他们所得到的不可靠的飞行速度和高度读数。
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They consulted the manual to deal with these anomalies. But they did not seem to know about the MCAS system, nor did they speak about what was causing the plane to repeatedly push downward.
他们翻查了手册来应对这些异常状况。但他们似乎不知道MCAS系统的存在，也没有说到导致飞机反复向下压的原因。
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Shortly after Mr. Harvino's prayer, the plane disappeared from radar, and the cockpit voice recorder stopped. The plane plummeted 5,000 feet, crashing into the Java Sea with such force that parts of the fuselage turned into powder.
在哈维诺祈祷后不久，飞机从雷达上消失，驾驶舱语音记录仪随即停止。飞机从5000英尺的高空垂直落下，栽到了爪哇海里，冲力之大导致机身的某些部件碎成了粉末。
plummet
表示“暴跌，急剧下降”，英文解释为“to fall very quickly and suddenly”举个：
House prices have plummeted in recent months.
房价近几个月来暴跌。
fuselage
nose表示“机头” fuselage /ˈfjuːzɪˌlɑːʒ, -lɪdʒ/ 表示“飞机机身”，英文解释为“the main body of an aircraft”举个：
A close inspection revealed minute cracks in the aircraft's fuselage and wings.
经过细致的检查，发现飞机的机身和机翼上都有细小的裂缝。
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Mr. Harvino's remains are missing to this day.
哈维诺的遗体至今仍未找到。
来源：纽约时报
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「才思汇·LR和他的朋友们」
LearnAndRecord
2015年2月8日
2019年3月21日
第1503天
每天持续行动学外语