Android 蓝牙设备的查找和连接

1.权限
使用蓝牙设备需要先在Manifest中开放权限,位置如下。
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<application ...>  
       ...  
</application>  

// 使用蓝牙设备的权限  
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH" />  
// 管理蓝牙设备的权限  
<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN" />  

2.打开蓝牙
获得蓝牙适配器(android.bluetooth.BluetoothAdapter),检查该设备是否支持蓝牙,如果支持,就打开蓝牙。
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// 检查设备是否支持蓝牙
adapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
if (adapter == null)
{

// 设备不支持蓝牙  

}
// 打开蓝牙
if (!adapter.isEnabled())
{

Intent intent = new Intent(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_REQUEST_ENABLE);  
// 设置蓝牙可见性,最多300秒  
intent.putExtra(BluetoothAdapter.EXTRA_DISCOVERABLE_DURATION, 300);  
context.startActivity(intent);  

}

3.获取已配对的蓝牙设备(android.bluetooth.BluetoothDevice)
首次连接某蓝牙设备需要先配对,一旦配对成功,该设备的信息会被保存,以后连接时无需再配对,所以已配对的设备不一定是能连接的。
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BluetoothAdapter adapter = BluetoothAdapter.getDefaultAdapter();
Set devices = adapter.getBondedDevices();
for(int i=0; i {

BluetoothDevice device = (BluetoothDevice) devices.iterator().next();  
System.out.println(device.getName());  

}

4.搜索周围的蓝牙设备
适配器搜索蓝牙设备后将结果以广播形式传出去,所以需要自定义一个继承广播的类,在onReceive方法中获得并处理蓝牙设备的搜索结果。
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// 设置广播信息过滤
IntentFilter intentFilter = new IntentFilter();
intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND);
intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED);
intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_SCAN_MODE_CHANGED);
intentFilter.addAction(BluetoothAdapter.ACTION_STATE_CHANGED);
// 注册广播接收器,接收并处理搜索结果
context.registerReceiver(receiver, intentFilter);
// 寻找蓝牙设备,android会将查找到的设备以广播形式发出去
adapter.startDiscovery();

自定义广播类
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private BroadcastReceiver receiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {
@Override
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {

    String action = intent.getAction();  
    if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {  
        BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);  
        System.out.println(device.getName());  
    }  

}
}

5.蓝牙设备的配对和状态监视
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private BroadcastReceiver receiver = new BroadcastReceiver() {

@Override  
public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {  
    String action = intent.getAction();  
    if (BluetoothDevice.ACTION_FOUND.equals(action)) {  
        // 获取查找到的蓝牙设备  
        BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);  
        System.out.println(device.getName());  
        // 如果查找到的设备符合要连接的设备,处理  
        if (device.getName().equalsIgnoreCase(name)) {  
            // 搜索蓝牙设备的过程占用资源比较多,一旦找到需要连接的设备后需要及时关闭搜索  
            adapter.cancelDiscovery();  
            // 获取蓝牙设备的连接状态  
            connectState = device.getBondState();  
            switch (connectState) {  
                // 未配对  
                case BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE:  
                    // 配对  
                    try {  
                        Method createBondMethod = BluetoothDevice.class.getMethod("createBond");  
                        createBondMethod.invoke(device);  
                    } catch (Exception e) {   
                        e.printStackTrace();  
                    }  
                    break;  
                // 已配对  
                case BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED:  
                    try {  
                        // 连接  
                        connect(device);  
                    } catch (IOException e) {  
                        e.printStackTrace();  
                    }  
                    break;  
            }  
        }  
   } else if(BluetoothDevice.ACTION_BOND_STATE_CHANGED.equals(action)) {  
        // 状态改变的广播  
        BluetoothDevice device = intent.getParcelableExtra(BluetoothDevice.EXTRA_DEVICE);  
        if (device.getName().equalsIgnoreCase(name)) {   
            connectState = device.getBondState();  
            switch (connectState) {  
                case BluetoothDevice.BOND_NONE:  
                    break;  
                case BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDING:  
                    break;  
                case BluetoothDevice.BOND_BONDED:  
                    try {  
                        // 连接  
                        connect(device);  
                    } catch (IOException e) {  
                        e.printStackTrace();  
                    }  
                    break;  
            }  
        }  
    }  
}  

}

6.蓝牙设备的连接
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private void connect(BluetoothDevice device) throws IOException {

// 固定的UUID  
final String SPP_UUID = "00001101-0000-1000-8000-00805F9B34FB";  
UUID uuid = UUID.fromString(SPP_UUID);  
BluetoothSocket socket = device.createRfcommSocketToServiceRecord(uuid);  
socket.connect();  

}

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