混合步骤:
1.设置混合模式
2.启用混合
glColor4f(1.0f,1.0f,1.0f,0.5f); // 全亮度, 50% Alpha 混合
glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA,GL_ONE); // 基于源象素alpha通道值的半透明混合函数
glEnable(GL_BLEND); // 打开混合
OpenGL 会把源颜色和目标颜色各自取出(源颜色认为是片段。目标演示是帧缓冲区内容),并乘以一个系数(源颜色乘以的系数称为“源因子”,目标颜色乘以的系数称为“目标因子”),然后相加,这样就得到了新的颜色。(也可以不是相加,新版本的OpenGL可以设置运算方式,包括加、减、取两者中较大的、取两者中较小的、逻辑运算等,但我们这里为了简单起见,不讨 论这个了) 下面用数学公式来表达一下这个运算方式。假设源颜色的四个分量(指红色,绿色,蓝色,alpha值)是(Rs, Gs, Bs, As),目标颜色的四个分量是(Rd, Gd, Bd, Ad),又设源因子为(Sr, Sg, Sb, Sa),目标因子为(Dr, Dg, Db, Da)。则混合产生的新颜色可以表示为: (Rs*Sr+Rd*Dr, Gs*Sg+Gd*Dg, Bs*Sb+Bd*Db, As*Sa+Ad*Da) 当然了,如果颜色的某一分量超过了1.0,则它会被自动截取为1.0,不需要考虑越界的问题。
源因子和目标因子是可以通过glBlendFunc函数来进行设置的。glBlendFunc有两个参数,前者表示源因子,后者表示目标因子。这两个参数可以是多种值,下面介绍比较常用的几种。
GL_ZERO: 表示使用0.0作为因子,实际上相当于不使用这种颜色参与混合运算。
GL_ONE: 表示使用1.0作为因子,实际上相当于完全的使用了这种颜色参与混合运算。
GL_SRC_ALPHA:表示使用源颜色的alpha值来作为因子。
GL_DST_ALPHA:表示使用目标颜色的alpha值来作为因子。
GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA:表示用1.0减去源颜色的alpha值来作为因子。
GL_ONE_MINUS_DST_ALPHA:表示用1.0减去源颜色的alpha值来作为因子。
GL_SRC_COLOR
GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_COLOR
GL_DST_COLOR
GL_ONE_MINUS_DST_COLOR
混合方程式组合像素
void glBlendEquation(Glenum mode)
假设缓冲区颜色为(1,0,0) 片段颜色是(1,1,0)
GL_FUNC_ADD=(1,1,0)+(1,0,0)=(1,1,0)
GL_FUNC_SUBTRACT=(1,1,0)-(1,0,0)=(0,1,0)
GL_FUNC_REVERSE_SUBTRACT=(1,0,0)-(1,1,0)=(0,0,0)
GL_MIN=min((1,0,0),(1,1,0))=(1,0,0)
GL_MAX=max((1,0,0),(1,1,0))=(1,1,0)
GL_LOGIC_OP
#include "header.h" GLfloat xrot; GLfloat yrot; GLfloat xspeed; GLfloat yspeed; GLfloat z=-5.0f; GLfloat LightAmbient[]= { 0.5f, 0.5f, 0.5f, 1.0f }; GLfloat LightDiffuse[]= { 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f }; GLfloat LightPosition[]= { 0.0f, 0.0f, 2.0f, 1.0f }; GLuint filter; GLuint texture[3]; AUX_RGBImageRec *LoadBMP(char *Filename) { FILE *File=NULL; if (!Filename) { return NULL; } File=fopen(Filename,"r"); if (File) { fclose(File); return auxDIBImageLoad(Filename); } return NULL; } int LoadGLTextures() { int Status=FALSE; AUX_RGBImageRec *TextureImage[1]; memset(TextureImage,0,sizeof(void *)*1); if (TextureImage[0]=LoadBMP("Data/glass.bmp")) { Status=TRUE; glGenTextures(3, &texture[0]); // Create Nearest Filtered Texture glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[0]); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,GL_NEAREST); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GL_NEAREST); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 3, TextureImage[0]->sizeX, TextureImage[0]->sizeY, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, TextureImage[0]->data); // Create Linear Filtered Texture glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[1]); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,GL_LINEAR); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GL_LINEAR); glTexImage2D(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 0, 3, TextureImage[0]->sizeX, TextureImage[0]->sizeY, 0, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, TextureImage[0]->data); // Create MipMapped Texture glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[2]); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MAG_FILTER,GL_LINEAR); glTexParameteri(GL_TEXTURE_2D,GL_TEXTURE_MIN_FILTER,GL_LINEAR_MIPMAP_NEAREST); gluBuild2DMipmaps(GL_TEXTURE_2D, 3, TextureImage[0]->sizeX, TextureImage[0]->sizeY, GL_RGB, GL_UNSIGNED_BYTE, TextureImage[0]->data); } if (TextureImage[0]) { if (TextureImage[0]->data) { free(TextureImage[0]->data); } free(TextureImage[0]); } return Status; } GLvoid ReSizeGLScene(GLsizei width, GLsizei height) { if (height==0) { height=1; } glViewport(0,0,width,height); glMatrixMode(GL_PROJECTION); glLoadIdentity(); // Calculate The Aspect Ratio Of The Window gluPerspective(45.0f,(GLfloat)width/(GLfloat)height,0.1f,100.0f); glMatrixMode(GL_MODELVIEW); glLoadIdentity(); } int InitGL(GLvoid) { if (!LoadGLTextures()) { return FALSE; } glEnable(GL_TEXTURE_2D); glShadeModel(GL_SMOOTH); glClearColor(0.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f, 0.5f); glClearDepth(1.0f); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glDepthFunc(GL_LEQUAL); glHint(GL_PERSPECTIVE_CORRECTION_HINT, GL_NICEST); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1, GL_AMBIENT, LightAmbient); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1, GL_DIFFUSE, LightDiffuse); glLightfv(GL_LIGHT1, GL_POSITION,LightPosition); glEnable(GL_LIGHT1); glColor4f(1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f, 0.5); glBlendFunc(GL_SRC_ALPHA,GL_ONE); return TRUE; } void DrawGLScene(void) { glClear(GL_COLOR_BUFFER_BIT | GL_DEPTH_BUFFER_BIT); glLoadIdentity(); glTranslatef(0.0f,0.0f,z); glRotatef(xrot,1.0f,0.0f,0.0f); glRotatef(yrot,0.0f,1.0f,0.0f); glBindTexture(GL_TEXTURE_2D, texture[filter]); glBegin(GL_QUADS); // Front Face glNormal3f( 0.0f, 0.0f, 1.0f); glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f); glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f); glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); // Back Face glNormal3f( 0.0f, 0.0f,-1.0f); glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f); glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f); glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f); glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f); // Top Face glNormal3f( 0.0f, 1.0f, 0.0f); glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f); glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f); // Bottom Face glNormal3f( 0.0f,-1.0f, 0.0f); glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f); glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f); glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f); glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f); // Right face glNormal3f( 1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f); glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f); glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f( 1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f); // Left Face glNormal3f(-1.0f, 0.0f, 0.0f); glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, -1.0f); glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 0.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, -1.0f, 1.0f); glTexCoord2f(1.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, 1.0f); glTexCoord2f(0.0f, 1.0f); glVertex3f(-1.0f, 1.0f, -1.0f); glEnd(); xrot+=xspeed; yrot+=yspeed; glFlush(); } void rotate() { glutPostRedisplay(); } void keyboard(unsigned char key,int x,int y) { switch (key) { case 'L': glEnable(GL_LIGHTING); glutPostRedisplay(); break; case 'l': glDisable(GL_LIGHTING); glutPostRedisplay(); break; case 'B': glEnable(GL_BLEND); glDisable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glutPostRedisplay(); break; case 'b': glDisable(GL_BLEND); glEnable(GL_DEPTH_TEST); glutPostRedisplay(); break; case 'F': filter+=1; if (filter>2) { filter=0; } glutPostRedisplay(); break; case 'W': yspeed+=0.01f; glutIdleFunc(rotate); break; case 'S': yspeed-=0.01f; glutIdleFunc(rotate); break; case 'A': xspeed+=0.01f; glutIdleFunc(rotate); break; case 'D': xspeed-=0.01f; glutIdleFunc(rotate); break; case 'Z': z-=0.01f; glutIdleFunc(rotate); break; case 'X': z+=0.01f; glutIdleFunc(rotate); break; case 'R': glutIdleFunc(NULL); break; } } int main(int argc,char **argv) { glutInit(&argc,argv); glutInitDisplayMode(GLUT_SINGLE|GLUT_RGB|GLUT_DEPTH); glutInitWindowSize(800,600); glutInitWindowPosition(100,100); glutCreateWindow("混合"); InitGL(); glutDisplayFunc(DrawGLScene); glutKeyboardFunc(keyboard); glutReshapeFunc(ReSizeGLScene); glutMainLoop(); }